Creation Of New Technologies Research Articles

Концепция построения стехиометрического турбореактивного двигателя

The paper proposes an alternative approach to design and development of the supersonic and hypersonic gas turbine engines. Currently, the leading aircraft engine companies, such as General Electric, United Technologies, Rolls-Royce and SNECMA Group, are pursuing the active technical policy in creating the new generation aircraft gas turbine engines (VAATE, IHPET, UEET, VITAL and other programs). At the same time, dynamics in such engines development demonstrates that timing of alteration in the aircraft engines generations is lengthening, and boundaries between generations are becoming more conditional indicating a systemic crisis. To maintain stable operation of the gas turbine engines, aircraft compressors are regulated. To this end, they are made double-circuit and multi-shaft, which makes it possible to maintain stable operation at subsonic and moderate supersonic flight speeds, but appears to be an obstacle in their further growth. It is proposed to refuse regulating a compressor as a method of ensuring the engine stable operation and to pass to regulating the turbine as an approach to maintain the compressor given operation mode. In order to exclude the compressor stages mismatch as a phenomenon, it is necessary that the compressor operating mode, regardless of the engine operating mode, remains calculated or close to it. In accordance with this principle, the gas-dynamic appearance of a gas turbine engine was formed as a stoichiometric single-circuit turbojet engine with the single-stage adjustable turbine. The engine control program was determined by dependence of the reduced rotation rate on the outside air stagnation temperature and was implemented by changing the gas temperature in front of the turbine and the pressure drop in it. Transition to a new concept of constructing a gas turbine engine opens new prospects, expands the flight speed range up to hypersonic, increases the gas-dynamic efficiency (overall efficiency of more than 40%) and reduces (by more than 2 times) the specific mass. The key condition in implementing the concept should include creation of new technologies making it possible to increase the gas temperature in front of the turbine up to 2300–2400 K.

Justification of the Manufacturing Plywood Technology on Dry Glues

The use of environmentally safe technologies in the plywood production encourages the use of dry powder mixtures of polyester resin used for gluing veneer. The work presents the results of studies of some characteristics for plywood, which was product on the basis of polyester resin. As a result of experimental studies, the expediency of manufacturing plywood on dry adhesive mixtures of polyester resins has been substantiated. Since the limit of static bending strength along the fibers of the plywood face layers exceeds the standard value. The resistance to chipping on the glued layer of plywood also did not decrease and exceeds the standard value both after dry exposure and after soaking. The studied plywood is characterized by reduced moisture absorption properties. This is due to the thermal modification of the veneer. It was established that with an increase in the modification temperature to , moisture absorption decreases by more than 3.5 %. Thus, the obtained research results allow us to purposefully solve further problems related to the creation of new technologies for the wood products manufacture and to determine the conditions of their operation at various facilities.

Low-Emission Waste-to-Energy Method of Liquid Fuel Combustion with a Mixture of Superheated Steam and Carbon Dioxide

Waste-to-energy approaches, aimed at using cheap energy carriers (oil production and refining waste, etc.), require the creation of new technologies with high energy efficiency and low emissions. One of the environmentally friendly methods is a superheated steam injection (SIM) into the combustion zone. At the same time, trends in CO2 reduction and recycling make carbon dioxide more attractive to use together with, or instead of, steam. This paper experimentally investigated the possibility of upgrading SIM to steam and the carbon dioxide injection method (SCIM) or the carbon dioxide injection method (CIM), where superheated steam and carbon dioxide are supplied together or completely replaced by CO2. In the example of diesel fuel, the characteristics of the combustion of liquid hydrocarbons in the presence of a mixture of superheated steam with CO2 in a spray burner are obtained and compared. It shows that a high completeness of fuel combustion is observed for all the studied modes. The analysis of combustion product composition demonstrates that when replacing the superheated steam with carbon dioxide, the levels of CO and NOx in the combustion products increase by 25%. All the investigated regimes comply with the EN:267 standard. The results obtained show that it is possible to realize SCIM and CIM approaches for waste-to-energy with the use of CO2.

Ways of transforming the organization strategy of the oil and gas complex within the concept of sustainable development

Subject. The article considers the issue of oil and gas complex management. Objectives. The aim is to analyze the impact of the oil and gas complex on the environment, socio-economic development of Russia as a whole. Methods. The study draws on methods of systems, comparative, structural, and logical analyses. Results. The paper demonstrates opportunities associated with the implementation of the strategy for oil and gas complex development, with creation of new technologies and products enabling Russian companies to remain competitive in the face of rapid changes in the oil and gas market. Conclusions. Under conditions of reduced gas production in Russia, the Government of the Russian Federation should step up measures of comprehensive support for oil and gas enterprises, as the latter are budget-forming ones.

Monitoring Dan Evaluasi Rencana Induk Kemajuan Ilmu Pengetahuan Dan Teknologi Kota Surakarta Tahun 2021-2025

The rapid development and progress of science and technology (IPTEK) has had a positive impact on increasingly sophisticated science and technology and supports the creation of new technologies. Technological progress produces modernity, which is characterized by economic growth, social mobility, cultural expansion or expansion. The development of science and technology requires people to increase their competence, so that they can balance with today's modern times. The progress of science and technology is the beginning of a country's success, because it can create something new and can make work easier.

July 2023

July 2023

There’s an app for that: Modernizing domestic violence support through the creation of new technologies, tools, and services

AbstractWith domestic violence (DV) at an all‐time high, police departments are drastically underutilizing technology to combat DV. Currently, New York police departments complete a “Domestic Incident Report” at the scene of domestic incidents but fail to adequately facilitate support services. New York State should mandate a services component into police DV protocols, specifically by commissioning: (1) an application linked to DV organizations presented at the scene of domestic incidents; and (2) a gateway application to refer victims to the correct services. Such tools would allow for the rendering of more efficient support to DV victims in times of immediate crisis.

Assessing the Sustainability Development Goals on Climate and Energy Financing Policies: A Bibliographic Analysis

Financial policy and sustainability can play a critical role in reducing the harmful effects of climate change and hastening the shift to a low‐carbon, more sustainable economy. Monetary policy can be used to encourage the creation of new technologies that can lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, such as research and development (R&D) tax credits, government grants, and other types of financial assistance. These include targeted lending, green bonds, loan guarantees, weather‐indexed insurance, tax credits, feed‐in tariffs (FiT), national development banks (NDBs), national climate funds, and disclosure regulations. This evidence review examines the effects of financial policy on climate change and energy transitions. Careful design and implementation are crucial for the success of loan guarantee programs. Nations have used a variety of policy tools to support climate change and sustainable energy initiatives. The success of these programs must be understood to determine the best approaches for designing and implementing loan guarantee policies. The studies reviewed classified climate finance policies into seven categories based on their functions: regulation and guidelines, market‐based incentives, financial measures, information and capacity, de‐risking, domestic and international public finance, and other. National development banks have a clear public policy mission to support low‐carbon development in a particular nation.

Human Capital in Territories with Different Level of Socio-Economic Well-Being: Assessment and Influence

Introduction. In modern foreign policy problems of Russia’s development, the need to implement the formation and preservation of the human capital of the population is increasing. Formation and effective use of human capital influences the creation of new technologies and products. At the same time, for many less developed regions – the so-called depressed territories – their socio-economic condition is associated with a low level of reproduction and implementation of the human capital of the population. The accumulation of human capital can have a beneficial effect on the development of depressed territories. The purpose of the article is to assess the human capital of municipalities with different levels of socio-economic status. Materials and Methods. The study has used a database of statistical indicators of municipalities of the Perm region. To assess the human capital of the population, we have used the index method, in which statistical indicators are combined into blocks: demography, education, health and sports, economics, culture. Results. A correlation between the values of the educational and demographic indices has been revealed. We have found a relationship between the level of socio-economic status of the territory and the educational index. Territories develop most rapidly in the presence of not only the necessary infrastructure for the formation of human capital, but also a developed economy. None of the development indices of the quality of human capital (education, health and sports, culture) have a direct impact on the economic growth of territories. In some depressed municipalities, there is a high birth rate of the population in the presence of social infrastructure and the quality of human resources necessary for the development of human capital. Discussion and Conclusion. The practical significance of the study is determined by the need to influence the regional policy of human capital management in peripheral and depressed territories. It is proposed to adopt at the legislative level mechanisms for identifying depressed areas and measures to support them. This article can be used in public administration to create a strategy for the spatial development of the country.

New Horizons or Business as Usual? New Zealand’s Medico-Legal Response to Digital Harm

A socio-legal commentary, this article examines the emerging issue of digital harm in New Zealand’s health settings. There are recent cases, and an increasing number of them, demonstrating the medico-legal response to various forms of digital harm. Of these, several representative cases are considered in order to identify features of digital harm within the health context. The article questions whether this is a new type of harm, enabled by the creation of new technologies, or simply a different manifestation of conventional unprofessional or unethical behaviour. The article considers whether the existing medico-legal framework can appropriately respond to this harm and whether new legal or policy tools are required. The cases suggest that the rights and disciplinary systems in place can adequately deal with digital harm within their existing scopes, particularly when individuals have been harmed. However, gaps in the legal framework are identified, with particular reference to the actions of unregistered providers and harm to professions. Further, a future challenge for the system may be the response to COVID-19 vaccine denial and misinformation. As the legal response to digital harm in the health context is a relatively unexamined area of research, this work may guide future research.

Analysis of the effectiveness of methods for ensuring the reliability of a communication satellite transponder

Objectives . Since the launch of satellite communication systems in practical use, approaches towards enhancing their operational quality and durability have been developing in the direction of increased reliability of airborne transponders. This is mainly achieved by increasing redundancy and using components with a lower failure rate. In this regard, the creation of new technologies and new materials is a particularly promising direction. However, since durability testing of complex systems can take several years, the problem of ensuring an effective combination of redundancy methods and elements having a reduced failure rate remains challenging. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effectiveness of methods for ensuring the reliability of a communication satellite transponder based on a proposed methodology for determining the durability index using a mathematical model of the probability of failure-free operation. Methods . In order to describe the complex structure of a satellite communication system transponder, a logical- probabilistic method is used, in which the dependence of the system reliability indicators on the reliability indicators of the transponder elements is formulated as a logical function of operability. Mathematical models of system reliability are created on this basis including for redundant systems. Graphs and analytical methods are used to compare different systems. Results . The influence of various methods for ensuring the redundancy of transponder devices and the use of more reliable components on the reliability and durability indicators is considered. A gamma-percentage resource-based technique for determining the durability indicator based on the constructed mathematical models of the probability of failure-free operation is presented along with a comparative analysis of measures to increase the gamma-percentage resource of the transponder. Conclusions . The presented method for determining the durability index using a mathematical model of the probability of no-failure operation can be used to determine the time interval within which redundancy increases the probability of no-failure operation as compared with a decrease in the failure rate of elements. On this basis, the most effective combination of redundancy methods and approaches for reducing the failure rate of elements can be identified.

Physician leadership in the new era of AI and digital health tools

The American Medical Association's latest survey on digital health trends showed that adoption of digital tools has grown significantly in the past 3–4 yrs, among all physicians, regardless of gender, specialty or age. This article examines digital health trends, including AI, and the AMA's role in ensuring that physicians are actively involved in the creation of new technologies and innovations in medicine. Physicians understand the potential for new digital tools to address health disparities for patients and streamline our workflow better than anyone.

Labor Supply and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Termination of the Bracero Program in 1964

This paper studies the impact of labor supply on the creation of new technology, exploiting a large exogenous shock to the US agricultural labor supply caused by the termination of the Bracero agreements between the US and Mexico at the end of 1964. Using a text-search algorithm allocating patents to crops, I show a negative labor-supply shock induced a sharp increase in innovation in technologies related to more affected crops. The effect is stronger for technology related to labor-intensive production tasks. Farm-value dynamics indicate that, despite the positive technology reaction, the policy change was undesirable for farm owners. (JEL J22, J43, N32, O33, O34, Q12, Q16)

DEVELOPMENT OF SHAPING ADHESIVE COMPOSITION FOR THE REPAIR OF MACHINES AND EQUIPMENT

Currently, there is an increasing demand for the creation of new technologies for the restoration of parts, primarily for body parts. The use of polymer materials makes it possible to reduce the cost of their restoration. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a shaping adhesive composition for the repair of machine parts and equipment with high technological value. (Materials and methods) Modified resin CMID-SM5, epoxy resin ED-22 and hardeners I-5M, PEPA, DTB-2 were used as polymer materials. The adhesive properties of the adhesive composition for shear at normal, low and elevated temperatures were determined according to GOST 14759-69. It has been shown that the essence of the method is to determine the magnitude of the destructive force during stretching of a standard sample glued together by efforts tending to shift one half of the sample relative to the other. Tests were carried out on the R-5 bursting machine. Studies were carried out with a gradual increase in the load until the sample was destroyed at a machine speed of 10 millimeters per minute. The nature of the destruction is estimated as a percentage of the nominal bonding area with an accuracy of no more than 5-10 percent. (Results and discussion) It was noted that the main property of the structural material is the permissible compression stress. Compression tests were carried out on cylindrical samples made of different polymer materials. Experimental studies with ED-22 epoxy resin have shown that the compositions with Etal-45T7 and DETA hardener have the highest normal compression stress. (Conclusions) Experimental studies have shown that the best polymer composition for repairing parts is based on ED-22 epoxy resin with DETA hardener. This composition can be used for the repair of machine parts and equipment.

Техника и технологии в процессах осознания будущего: анализ зарубежных практик прикладных и фундаментальных исследований

The article analyzes applied and fundamental researches devoted to the study of techniques and technology in the processes of understanding the future. The authors of the work proceed from the position that the instability of the modern world dictates the need to search for new research paradigms to study the technologies of the future. The improvement and creation of new technologies is closely related to the images of the country's future. The research agenda in the study of images of the future is determined by both Russian and foreign works. This article draws conclusions regarding foreign practices in the study of future: as the idea of a multifaceted and multivariate future; as a process closely related to technological innovation. The applied significance of the proposed research lies in the need to form a conscious attitude towards such a “complicated” technological future.

НАУКА КАК ФАКТОР СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ НОВГОРОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The article considers the influence of science on the socio-economic development of the region. Science and innovation arethe basis of economic development, as in modern conditions economics is based on research and development. Scientific activity contributes to the creation of new technologies, products and services, which entails an increase in labor productivity and growth of gross domestic product of the region. At the same time, the presence of scientific research and highly professional scientific centers attracts qualified specialists and students to the region, which contributes to improving the level of education and competence of the workforce. The study reveals that within the framework of the "Priority 2030" program Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University undergoes a number of transformations that allow not only to increase its competitiveness among educational organizations, but also to turn it into a leading research and innovation center. The University becomes a full-fledged participant of the region's ecosystem and acts as a generator of the region's socio-cultural code. A modern university is able to influence the economic and social life of the region in several directions at once, thus increasing the full socio-economic value of the territory both in the near future and in the distant future. The creation and development of regional scientific centers,institutes and laboratories, including those based on the university, is the basis for the development of modern technologies,innovative business and investment attraction. Such scientific and technical facilities play an important role in the development of the economy, create new jobs and allow the region to be competitive both in the domestic market and in the international arena. Such an effect arises due to active and purposeful interaction between the university, business and regional authorities. Theauthors use the example of the Novgorod region to show that contribution to the development of certain branches of science significant for the region allows obtaining visible progress both in the research activity itself and in the development of economically important industries for the territory.

The cyclic recurrence of scientific-technological and economic development in different types of economy as an example of petroleum-based weaponry (antiquity – the Middle Ages – contemporaneity) (Part 1)

It is considered the cyclic recurrence in development of mathematics and shipbuilding in different types of economy in connection with creation and application of petroleum-based weaponry (antiquity – the Middle Ages – contemporaneity). It is analyzed so called «fire-throwers» («iron braziers») of fleet of the ancient Rhodes merchant republic in context of discoveries by Russian archaeologists in Crimea, on Taman peninsula and in Azov seashore region the numerous ancient and medieval amphoras with petroleum, including the most early proto-Thasos amphora of 6th – 5th centuries B. C., which was studied in 2015–2016 years by method of mass-spectrometry. «Fire-throwers» of slave-owning Rhodes of 2nd century BC are compared with much more late «liquid» or «Greek fire» of feudal Byzantium of 7th – 12th centuries AD, it is proved, that this is the same weaponry. However in the EU reconstructions of the «Greek fire» such analysis doesn’t carry out. It is underlined the importance of application of agent-based simulations in reconstructions of battles of the past and role of the fundamental scientific studies in creation of new technologies

The Paradox of Kazakhstan: Linear vs Harmonic Innovation

New knowledge has emerged as a key commodity in smart manufacturing and as a critical resource for innovation and entrepreneurship in Industry 4.0. Innovative firms develop competitive advantages for themselves and for their countries through knowledge exploitation and exploration and the creation of new technologies. Governments around the world constantly encourage innovation through an array of fiscal subsidies and regulatory interventions. Except for the very few economies that possess the ability to capitalize on emerging technologies, most countries continue to experiment with their support of innovation with admittedly mixed results. Kazakhstan is a unique case in that its continuously increasing support of innovation over the years, has yielded negative results. The objective of this exploratory paper is to illuminate specific aspects of this innovation paradox of Kazakhstan, in an effort to elicit useful insights for other countries in a similar stage of development attempting to advance their Industry 4.0 agendas. The analysis reveals that it may be necessary for Kazakhstan to abandon traditional linear development models and to adopt harmonic innovation principles for sustainable development.

The Modern Paradigm of Socio-Economic Development: What It Should Be!

Purpose. The main purpose of the article is to inform the scientific community about the results of their own macroeconomic research, and about what paradigm should be adopted at the present time for the effective socio-economic development of the state. Methodology. A critical analysis of publications devoted to the further improvement of economic theory and the transition to new paradigms has been carried out. When developing our own socio-economic paradigm, a methodological approach was used, according to which the development of man and society is the main goal of planetary evolution, and the economy is just an auxiliary sphere that ensures this development. The most suitable methodology for the creation of an economic «mechanism» is the methodology of engineering activity, which has long proven itself well in the creation of new technologies and equipment in industry. Findings. There is no consensus in the economic community about the further development of economic theory and the choice of a new development paradigm. All paradigms that are based on a «profitable» ideology and cannot avoid crises are unacceptable. A socio-economic paradigm can only be called such scientific achievements that will allow creating a reliable anti-crisis macroeconomic «mechanism». Paradigms in the humanities must differ from paradigms in the physical sciences in that they must show the end goal to be pursued. Originality. A completely new model of the socio-economic development of the state is proposed, which has no analogues in world practice, and on its basis – a new socio-economic paradigm. The main principles that should be the basis for the functioning of a highly efficient macroeconomic «mechanism» are described. The most important principle of the new economic model is the rejection of the pseudo-scientific category of «profits,» which constantly pushes the economy towards crises. Practical value. The introduction of this model in Ukraine alone will allow at the initial stage to obtain an economic effect of more than one trillion hryvnia per year, and the consequences of the social effect can be much greater.

Assessment of innovative potential of "smart" technologies in AIC of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The aim – is to assess innovative potential based on data of the annual reports of the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum (GCI WEF) and identify directions of the “smart” strategy for the development of AIC of Kazakhstan. Methods – for comparative analysis, the official information of the bulletins of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On innovative activities of enterprises in the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Key indicators of research and development works in the RK for 2011-2020", reports of the SEC WEF were used. Results – it is noted that important criterion affecting the competitiveness of the country's agricultural sector is its innovative activity, high-tech production. To achieve these goals, the following is necessary: sufficient investment in R & D; the presence of effective research institutions that generate knowledge for the creation of new technologies; diversified business cooperation; integration of education, science and practice; intellectual property protection. The article considers the results of the GCI WEF rating by the factor "innovative potential", comparative analysis of the initial indicators and domestic statistics. The main guidelines and key characteristics of the model of the "smart" concept of the effective functioning of the industry are indicated: digitalization, continuous monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of results according to pre-developed methodology, quantitative and qualitative parameters, decisions on investing funds in projects do not depend on the source of investment. Conclusions – it is advisable to use alternative results of world rankings, in particular, Global Innovation Index and the world competitiveness ranking of the International Institute of Management (IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook - IMDWCY), International Institute for Management Development, Lausanne, Switzerland (IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook – IMD WCY).