Human Capital Creation Research Articles

Development of University Campuses Under the Influence of City Authorities, Business, And Urban Community as An Important Factor in Achieving the Principles of Sustainable Development

Objective: This study aims to investigate the development of university campuses and their impact on urban communities in Kazakhstan, Russia, and Azerbaijan. The objective is to identify the types of influence that university campuses have on urban development, including economic growth, technology advancement, human capital creation, social problem resolution, civil society establishment, cultural development, and ecological improvement. Methods: The research employs a qualitative-quantitative approach, combining desk research with surveys. Universities from Kazakhstan, Russia, and Azerbaijan are included in the study. Various international university rankings, such as the Times Higher Education University Impact Ranking, UI GreenMetric World University Ranking, and U-Multirank Ranking, are considered. A total of 136 respondents from ten universities participate in the survey. Results: The findings indicate that university campuses have a significant impact on economic development, technology advancement, human capital creation, cultural development, and the urban environment's ecological improvement. However, their influence on social problem resolution and civil society establishment is comparatively lower. The study reveals that the existing level of influence of university campuses on urban development is relatively low but has the potential for growth. Conclusion: This research highlights the evolving role of universities in shaping urban communities and their sustainable development. University campuses are recognized as important agents of change, contributing to economic growth and technological progress. The practical significance of the study consists in the fact that the proposed conclusions can be utilized for the development of university campuses.

A Case Study of Accounting Firm Related to Human Capital Development, Work-Life Balance, and Motivation of Employees

Abstract The dynamism and continuous change aimed at competitive markets causes organizations to diversify their tactics to obtain long-term competitive advantages and to achieve performance. Human capital is the key to achieving these goals, and the creation and development of unique human capital, according to the specific needs of each company through the knowledge, skills, expertise, and capabilities it possesses, is the main competitive advantage that a company can have. Therefore, this paper aims to test and analyze, through a case study applied to the employees of an accounting and audit firm, the degree of satisfaction of the team regarding the activity they carry out, emphasizing the existing human capital development opportunities, motivation, and work-life balance. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire was distributed to the company's employees. Therefore, the results show that for a newly established company, it is important to emphasize the training and development of human resources because a large employees’ turnover can destabilize the situation in which the company is. Also, maintaining a work-life balance can determine a more positive perspective on the activity carried out, and the pleasant work environment and the encouraging attitude of superiors/management can be a source of extrinsic motivation for employees. This research can represent a starting point for entrepreneurs at the beginning of the journey in this field and, at the same time, it can be helpful for professionals in the field who want to make a comparison between the analyzed company and the company in which they work. Starting from the image provided by the case study applied to a single company, in order to expand the possibility of applying these studied aspects, a research work can be carried out in the future that includes companies from various fields of activity, with different sizes and development opportunities.

Students Sport Events as a Mechanism for Developing Human and Social Capital

Sport activity and sport events within higher schools is a key mechanism for attracting and maintaining students' interest in practicing sports. Despite the many forms of sport competition, very little is still known to what extent and how the potential of sporting events is used to generate a multitude of opportunities. Premised on the concept of strategic activation of events, the article examines student sport competitions as a platform for the creation and development of human and social capital. The article has a conceptual focus and presents principally new directions with implications for the policy and strategies of higher education institutions and sport organisations, as well as for future research in this area.

Development and Preservation of Human Capital Under the Conditions of the Creative Economy

The transformation of the world economy is characterized by a change of emphasis from an industrial society to a society of knowledge and intelligence. This leads to the emergence of a new segment of the economy – the creative economy, which is essentially a symbiosis of culture, art and economy and it is based on creative human capital. The purpose of the academic paper is to study the features of the process of intellectualization, the role of human capital and its creative functions in a new type of economy based on intellectual activity. Methods. The basic methods used in the present research are as follows: statistical analysis, index and analytical methods, methods for estimating structural dynamic shifts, the method of comparisons. Along with this, the generally accepted methods of economic research have been also used, namely: the economic and statistical method and the method of economic and mathematical modeling (regression analysis) (in order to determine the impact of indicators characterizing the development of the creative sector of the economy on the level of GDP per capita), etc. Results. The importance of the creative economy in the development of the European countries and the role of human capital in the context of the formation of this economy sector has been updated. The essence of the category “development of human capital under the conditions of a creative economy” has been defined and its components have been specified. The features of the creative economy’s structure in the EU have been analyzed through the study of the dynamics of the number and structure of enterprises operating in the creative sphere. The number and the relative share of the population employed in the creative sector of the economy have been studied. The basic features of human capital development in European countries through the dynamics of the following indicators have been illustrated, namely: the coefficient of age dependence, life expectancy of the population, the risk of poverty, fully representing the social standards of the EU member states. In order to study the mutual interaction of the creative economy and human capital, a regression analysis has been performed. The basic components of development and preservation of human capital under the conditions of creative economy have been outlined.

Contribution of creative human capital to the economic growth of the country

In the article, the author considers and identifies creative economic capital as a fairly new category in the terminology of economic science. In the conditions of increasing scientific and technological progress and the formation of an innovative economy, the role of the innovator, the inventor is beyond doubt. Such people are the carriers of creative human capital. Scientific research in the field of economics substantiates the assessment of the most creative human capital and its contribution to economic well – being and economic growth. For this, there are prerequisites for the development of appropriate measurement techniques and tools. The author gives a critical analysis of existing evaluation methods, justifies the shortcomings that help to level them in the future when developing their own author’s methodology.

The stock market valuation of human capital creation

We develop a measure of firm-year-specific human capital investment from publicly disclosed personnel expenses (PE) and examine the stock market valuation of this investment. Measuring the future value of PE (PEFV) based on the relation between lagged PE and current operating income, we first show that PEFV is positively associated with characteristics of human-capital-intensive firms. Next, we find that PEFV has a positive pricing coefficient, implying that the market recognizes some of its variation. In our main analysis, we find that market participants fail to fully impound the investment in human capital. The absolute value of analyst forecast errors is increasing in firm PEFV, and the signed value of these errors reveals that analysts are pessimistic for earnings of firms with high human capital investments. A long-short portfolio based on PEFV produces annualized value-weighted (equal-weighted) abnormal returns of 6.5% (3.5%). Portfolios formed by interacting PEFV with total PE, which combines the current potential investment in human capital with the historic portion of PE that created human capital, increase these returns to between 4.8% and 7.8%. These results are insensitive to numerous empirical choices.

The Resource of Creativity and Creative Human Capital for the Management of Knowledge Economy:Implications for the Republic of Moldova

The purpose of the article is to analyze and consider the huge role of the resource of creativity and impact of creative human capital on knowledge economy as a driver for progress and welfare. Bad management inhibits the population to be creative and in this way diminishes the knowledge, meritocracy, innovation and development of the country. The relevance of investments in education, research and innovative systems, valorization of the resource of creativity and encouraging the creative human capital, but also the constraints and opportunities of Republic of Moldova in the context of international flow of talents are targeted in the present paper. The author considers the relevance of the sustainable policies of the governments and their implementation via sound coherent and consistent processes towards the formation, valorization and providing incentives for bringing back to the country the human capital that left for abroad. The author concludes that the strategic correlation of the state policies in the economic sectors aiming the increase of creative indicators per country, with the EU support through programs to which the Republic of Moldova has been engaged, will generate economic impact.

Creative human capital and assessment of its manifestation in organizational behavior in the context of digitalization higher education

Problem and aim. In the context of the digitalization organization management human creativity and its properties and evaluation have become the leading topic of modern research in the field of organizational behaviour and organizational development. This problem is multi-vector, it is considered in different branches of knowledge. Human capital (HC) is the most valuable resource of the digital society, and the creativity of HC is the driving force of scientific progress. This is especially relevant for the higher education system, since it is here that the foundations of professional competencies and personal characteristics of future labour market actors are laid. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of creative human capital and to consider the possibilities of assessing its manifestation in organizational behaviour in the context of digitalization of higher education. Research methods. It was used the methods of monographic and statistical analysis, as well as the author's methodology based on a modified system of indicators (R&D potential; innovation potential; creative potential). The methodology uses dynamic and equity coefficients in order to universalize the method and the possibility of evaluating creative HC for different objects and different conditions. The authors’ methodology uses a modified system of indicators, which are presented in national statistical systems and which group dynamic and share coefficients according to their functional purpose. Results. The study is both theoretical and applied, as it contributes equally to the theory and practice of organizational behavior. In the theoretical part, the authors considered four key issues: 1) human capital and creativity; 2) the concept of creative HC in the digital economy; 3) key trends in the development of higher education in the global economy; 4) increasing role of creative HC in organizational behavior in the context of digitalization higher education and methods for its assessment. In the practical part, the authors set and realized the goal of developing a universal methodology for assessing creative HC. The calculations of creative HC use the example of the higher education sector in Russia and Belarus. Conclusion. The authors have developed a methodology that can be used can be used for different subjects (countries, supranational entities, regions, organizations) and in different conditions (for example, digitalization higher education). Based on the analysis of scientific works on modern forms of HC reproduction, the authors propose main directions for smart scenarios of the HC development, especially relevant for the higher education system.

Principles of creation and development of human capital

Principles of creation and development of human capital

Educational and Innovative Elements of Human Capital and Their Impact on Economic Growth

Human capital is an important factor for economic growth and the development of so-cio-economic systems. However, the appropriate expression of the value of human capital, the mecha-nism and its impact on economic development are still under discussion. It is hypothesised that there is a relationship between human capital and economic growth. To test this hypothesis, data on the group of Visegrad (V4) countries for the period 2000–2019 was analysed. The study examines the presence of a causal link between some attributes of human capital and economic growth and the conditions, un-der which its positive effects can be expected based on statistical methods. It also deals with the role and the applicability of some of its characteristics to express the impact of human capital on economic growth. The model revealed a positive, statistically significant relationship between gross domestic prod-uct per capita and the innovative capacity of human capital and the qualifications of employees. The im-pact of tools for human capital creation and development extends over a longer period and is reduced by the simultaneous action of other labour market factors. Currently, economies are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Corresponding changes are also noticeable in the way work is done, with more weight on the home office. It will be interesting to examine how this transformation will affect economic growth. The changes in the position of employees and the care of companies for human capital are also a good topic for further research that can be conducted every few years.

HUMAN CAPITAL RECOVERY IN UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD USING THE ADVANTAGES OF DIGITALIZATION

The article presents the authors’ original classification of the factors that influence the creation and development of human capital. The suggested classification combines the factors of internal and external human capital environment into pairs and identifies global vectors that guide their development. The analysis results are used as the basis for the systematization of gains and losses of Ukraine’s human capital that allows the authors to determine the potential opportunities and threats for its recovery. The systems approach is employed to identify the factors of human capital formation, development and preservation using the results of SWOT-analysis. Consequently, the authors develop a conceptual framework for building a strategy of the post-war recovery of human capital in Ukraine taking into account the advantages of digitalization. The authors identify three major dimensions within which they propose to implement the main strategic directions of human capital recovery in Ukraine during the post-war period and specify the features of each strategic direction in the context of suggested dimensions.

HUMAN CAPITAL RECOVERY IN UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD USING THE ADVANTAGES OF DIGITALIZATION

The article presents the authors’ original classification of the factors that influence the creation and development of human capital. The suggested classification combines the factors of internal and external human capital environment into pairs and identifies global vectors that guide their development. The analysis results are used as the basis for the systematization of gains and losses of Ukraine’s human capital that allows the authors to determine the potential opportunities and threats for its recovery. The systems approach is employed to identify the factors of human capital formation, development and preservation using the results of SWOT-analysis. Consequently, the authors develop a conceptual framework for building a strategy of the post-war recovery of human capital in Ukraine taking into account the advantages of digitalization. The authors identify three major dimensions within which they propose to implement the main strategic directions of human capital recovery in Ukraine during the post-war period and specify the features of each strategic direction in the context of suggested dimensions.

Human Capital Creation: A Collective Psychological, Social, Organizational and Religious Perspective.

Psychological, social, cultural, emotional, and organizational perspectives consistently highlight human capital's importance in the literature. We argue that the collective view of different capitals with self-notion is essential for establishing impression, image, and self-esteem. According to the review findings, religious capital could predict context-specific psychological, cultural, social, emotional, and organizational capital. This acknowledgment can assist academics in better understanding how religion, social psychology, and other capitals co-create value in human capital development. This study includes several possible future paths and notesremarkable qualities thatcan enhance human capital value development research.

Human capital development in a creative economy

The industrial economy is gradually disappearing. It is replaced by a creative economy, the basis of which is creative human capital. The study aims to define creative human capital’s value in an economy based on intellectual activity. Methods. The research used general scientific methods: the method of comparison, statistical analysis, assessment of dynamic structural shifts, as well as index and analytical methods. The economic research methods were also used in this work; the regression analysis was carried out by the economic-statistical method. Economic and mathematical modeling defined the influence of creative economy indicators on the GDP level per capita. Results. As a research result, the meaning of the category “human capital development in the creative economy” is established, and its basic elements are defined. It was determined what role creative economy human capital plays. Creative sector value in countries’ development was also described in the study. The analysis of the number and structure of the innovative sphere enterprises has allowed defining the features of the new economy structure type in the European countries. The study established the relative share of the population working in the creative industry. Characteristics of human capital development in European countries are presented in illustrations. Interaction between human capital and the creative economy has been defined by carrying out the regression analysis. According to the study results, the main components of the evolution and protection of human capital in a fast-growing branch of the world economy – the creative economy – have been established.

Strategic Thrusts Of Malaysian Education Policy Human Capital Development Towards 2022

National educational transformation is undoubtedly linked to national development policies, strategies and priorities. The challenges of Vision 2020 demand that Malaysians be able to rise to meet the global challenges of the 21st Century. The development of quality workforce and resource of highly qualified, innovative and creative human capital is based on the model of the ‘glocalized’ human capital development programmes. Not only that the strategy has become a top priority, but the task of creating such a workforce has to depend on several critical factors and challenges. The overall strategy is to ensure that there is a greater commitment and a more effective involvement of the government and the private sector in order to ensure the success of the government’s initiatives in the transformation process. The paper will address some of the critical issues and strategic approaches in the developmental process underpinned by the Malaysian education policy in building an educated, innovative and creative workforce as the basis of human capital development towards 2020.

Impact of Labour Laws on Wage Differentials between Formal and Informal Sectors: Evidence from the Indian Manufacturing Sector

Labor laws in India have been a subject of contention since their inception. There are arguments against labor laws that say that an adherence to labor laws push up the wages in the formal sector and reduce employability of the labor. A hike in labor cost makes capital relatively cheaper, causing an increase in capital intensivity of the production. This study is an attempt to show that labor laws are necessary and empirically proves that it is not the labor laws that create the wedges between the formal and informal sector wages. We econometrically test the hypothesis of there being a significant difference between wages in the formal and the informal sector and its correlation with existence of labor laws in the formal sector. The Oaxaca’s decomposition technique is used to find out the difference in formal-informal sector wages that could be attributed to existence of labor laws. The results that we obtain show that 87 percent of the difference in wages between the formal and the informal sector is determined by the differences in income generating characteristics of the worker employed. We conclude that labor laws do not drive up the wages artificially, they just make employment more secure and worthwhile for the worker. We also point out the importance of public investments in human capital creation, underlining the fact that it is these investments that can reduce various inequalities among the wages of workers across employments and sectors.

Direct and indirect effects of universities on European regional productivity

AbstractUniversities are fundamental in driving economic performance as they generate human capital, research and knowledge diffusion. We propose a novel analysis by investigating their effects on European regions' total factor productivity (TFP) over the period 2000–2016. We distinguish between direct effects, due to universities societal role (“third mission”), and indirect ones originating from human and technological capital creation. Our contribution is threefold. First and foremost, we provide evidence that the presence of universities has a sizeable impact on regional TFP. Second, this impact spreads across regional boundaries. Third, universities effectively drive human and technological capital growth, thus indirectly fostering productivity enhancements.

Impact of institutional quality and human capital creation on economic growth in Bangladesh: evidence from an ARDL approach

PurposeThis study examines the impact of institutional quality (INQ) and human capital creation (HCC) on economic growth (EG) linkage in Bangladesh using an ARDL approach.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses time-series annual data over the period 1990–2019. It formulates an INQ index based on international country risk guide (ICRG) data, employs public education outlay and expenditure on health data each as a portion of real gross domestic product (GDP) to measure HCC, while an increase in real GDP is used as a proxy for EG. It employs the ARDL technique and Toda–Yamamoto (T-Y) causality check to realize the study.FindingsThe ARDL analysis divulges that the variables have a long-run association; INQ affects long-run EG positively; expenditure on health stimulates EG rate in the long run, but does not impact the latter in the short-run; whilst government spending on education impacts long-term EG rate negatively but positively in the short-term. The T-Y causality test results reveal a feedback relationship between INQ and EG, and one-way causation from health expenditure to EG rate, and education outlay to EG rate and authenticate the ARDL estimation results.Originality/valueThe study is original. The novelty of the study is to employ an INQ index using the ICRG data on 12 different components which are converted into a single index through principal component analysis.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-12-2021-0732

Gender equality in Latin America

The article concerns measuring gender equality in Latin American countries based on statistics from international (WEF, OECD, ILO, UNESCO) and regional (UNECLAC) organizations and national statistical services, as well as various gender inequality indices (GGI, SIGI). Gender equality is seen as one of the goals of sustainable development, and gender inequality – as a brake on its path. The study is conducted within institutional approach, since institutions are formal and informal restrictions accepted in society and determine the scale and factors of gender inequality. Particular attention is paid to axial institutions that play a primary role in creation, formation and implementation of human capital, namely the institutions of the family and the labor market, education and science, state and corporate governance. The study shows that, among emerging economies, Latin America has very high levels of gender equality as a result of a high degree of feminization of labor markets among other factors. However, the predominance of traditional division of labor in institution of the family levels out the bonuses from participation of women in paid work and exacerbates the problem of a double burden: women are caught in a vise, where, on the one hand, there is a paid work, and, on the other, an unpaid domestic work, which falls mainly on women. The most significant factor that positively affects the increase in gender equality is the share of women in government, while the level of socio-economic development of the country without a specialized policy aimed at stimulating gender equality does not lead to an increase in the latter.

Drivers of Livelihood Strategies: Evidence from Mexico’s Indigenous Rural Households

Mexico has the largest Indigenous population in the Americas and the most native languages in the region. These Indigenous peoples face a similar set of structural barriers to achieving more sustainable livelihoods, including criminal violence and huge hurdles to accumulating assets, in addition to their poverty. The purpose of this paper is to identify the main drivers of sustainable livelihood strategies in Indigenous households in rural Mexico. Using cluster analysis and a multinomial logit model based on a mixed approach that employs a traditional perspective of development alongside the sustainable livelihoods approach (SLA), our results suggest that a significant proportion of Indigenous households engage in livelihoods linked to the environment and nature, while only a small segment of households has been able to accumulate assets and adopt more profitable non-farming livelihoods. Our findings also reveal how the creation of human capital, the provision of basic services, and support to mitigate the effects of extreme weather all contribute to reducing risk for Indigenous households. The findings suggest that public policies must target these specific issues in order to solve structural problems that limit the efficacy with which Indigenous households use their family assets.