Creating Job Opportunities Research Articles

Pelatihan Business Model Canvas untuk Meningkatkan Minat Kewirausahaan bagi Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

<p><em>College graduates must have a strong entrepreneurial spirit to create job opportunities and reduce unemployment rates. Through entrepreneurship education implemented in almost all majors, students can change their mindset to be more innovative in seeking opportunities. However, in reality, there are still shortcomings in the basic business training provided. In line with the above description, engineering students have great potential in the entrepreneurial world due to the ongoing focus on technology and development. Still, their weakness is that engineering students do not fully understand business fundamentals. Therefore, appropriate training is needed to create a business plan framework. The service method used is lectures and question-and-answer sessions. This training has enabled students to understand entrepreneurship, develop an entrepreneurial mindset, participate in business competencies to hone creative ideas and be able to create job opportunities after graduation.</em></p>

The Role of ICT- Enabled Platforms in Creating Job Opportunities and Promoting Remote Work in the Digital Economy

The Role of ICT- Enabled Platforms in Creating Job Opportunities and Promoting Remote Work in the Digital Economy

Review of Approaches to Enhancing the Effectiveness of Transport Infrastructure and Services: A Focus on Asia

A dominance of private vehicles in cities around the world has led to unsustainable levels of congestion, pollution, and human harm, which stand to be exacerbated by future growth. This paper briefly outlines the implications of rapid urbanization based on private vehicles and then provides an overview of the benefits associated with Integrated Shared Transit (IST) services. IST can provide a number of benefits such as improved public health outcomes, reduced congestion, and reduced land use from car parking, along with economic development and job creation Opportunities. A recent study suggested this approach presents strong local economic multipliers with every US$1 invested in shared transit creating as much as US$4 in economic returns. The paper then provides a review of four important areas, namely: the shift to electro-mobility, the creation of transit activated corridors (TACs), advanced freight telematics exchange, and the use of disruptive technologies including artificial intelligence and distributed ledgers. The paper then concludes with the recommendation to shift focus from a model of private vehicle dominance to a system of integrated shared transit that is supported by private modes.

A life marked by early school leaving: gendered working life paths linked to health and well-being over 40 years

BackgroundThere is increasing awareness of the need to analyse symptoms of mental ill-health among early school leavers. Dropping out of compulsory education limits access to the labour market and education and could be related to deteriorating mental health over the course of a lifetime. The aim of this longitudinal study is to explore how early school leavers not in education, employment or training (NEET) narrate their working life trajectories linked to health, agency and gender relations.MethodsTwelve early school leavers in the Swedish Northern Cohort (six women and six men) were interviewed over 40 years about their working life and health. Their life stories were analysed using structural narrative analysis to examine the evolution of their working life paths and to identify commonalities, variations and gendered patterns.ResultsAll the participants started in the same position of “an unhealthy gendered working life in youth due to NEET status”. Subsequently, three distinct working life paths evolved: “a precarious gendered working life with negative health implications”, “a stable gendered working life in health challenging jobs” and “a self-realising gendered working life with improved health”. Agency was negotiated through struggle narratives, survival narratives, coping narratives and redemption narratives.ConclusionsEven in a welfare regime like Sweden’s in the early 1980s, early school leavers not in education, employment or training experienced class-related and gendered working and living conditions, which created unequal conditions for health. Despite Sweden’s active labour market policies and their own practices of agency, the participants still ended up NEET and with precarious working life paths. Labour market policies should prioritise reducing unemployment, combating precarious employment, creating job opportunities, providing training and subsidised employment in healthy environments, and offering grants to re-enter further education. Our study highlights the need for further analyses of the contextual and gendered expressions of health among early school leavers throughout their lifetime, and of individual agency in various contexts for overcoming adversities.

Population Development and Evolving Technology in Nepal: A Comparative Analysis

Technological advancements have significantly influenced population development in Nepal, impacting healthcare, economic growth, education, urbanization, and environmental sustainability. This paper explores these influences through a comparative analysis of historical and contemporary data. The study investigates the role of technology in improving life expectancy, reducing infant mortality, creating job opportunities, and enhancing educational access. Additionally, it examines the development of smart cities and the adoption of sustainable practices. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative data from national and international sources, and qualitative insights from expert interviews. The findings reveal that while technological adoption is accelerating, disparities persist, particularly between urban and rural areas. Recommendations include expanding digital infrastructure, enhancing STEM education, and fostering innovation to ensure inclusive and sustainable growth. This study contributes to understanding how technology can be leveraged to optimize population development in Nepal.

Uses and Implications of Marijuana from the Perspective of Islamic Law

Objectives: The study aims to determine whether all uses of Marijuana are considered haram (prohibited) or if there are any exceptions. Methodology: It employed a qualitative methodology and rigorously examined relevant materials from a jurisprudential perspective, including textual and contextual aspects. Data for this study were sourced from various materials, including books, journal articles, reports, conference papers, and websites. Findings: The research highlights the differences between hemp and Cannabis sativa, both types of marijuana plants, distinguished by their varying levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Hemp contains less than 0.3% THC, while Marijuana can have THC levels up to 28%. Marijuana is primarily used for recreational purposes, whereas hemp has numerous industrial applications such as textiles, rope, paint, clothing, shoes, paper, bioplastics, insulation, lotions, and more. Ultimately, the ruling on marijuana use varies between forbidden (haram) and permissible (halal), depending on the intent behind its use. This is consistent with the Islamic legal principle that the determining factors influence the law. Originality: The study's findings will assist policymakers in effectively managing hemp, creating job opportunities, and significantly increasing tax revenue while implementing measures to prevent and control its use. The scientific value of this research lies in analyzing marijuana consumption from the perspective of the Sharia, which aligns with the higher objectives of Islamic law: preserving the mind and wealth.

Agricultural Production and Agricultural Employment Rate in South Africa: Time Series Analysis Approach

South Africa's agricultural sector, despite facing high unemployment, is acknowledged for creating job opportunities. However, there is concern that the sector's adoption of technology-intensive methods may not necessarily lead to increased employment. The study aims to analyze the intricate relationship between agricultural output and employment in South Africa using time series analysis. This research employed a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to evaluate the link between agricultural production and the rate of agricultural employment in South Africa spanning from 1990 to 2022. The findings indicate that both variables passed levels and became stationarity at the first difference when employing ADF, and a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables was observed using Johansen cointegration test. Over the short term, there was a significant positive correlation among agricultural production and the agricultural employment rate evidenced from ECT coefficient of 0.139 value. The results of the Granger causality tests indicated unidirectional relationship that agricultural employment Granger-causes agricultural production, signifying that agricultural employment can be used to predict the growth of agricultural production. Study recommended that policies which promote injection of funds to improve production in the agriculture sector needs to be prioritized to maintain and improve employment opportunities.

Investigating surfaces, geometry and degree of fusion of tracks printed using fused deposition modelling to optimise process parameters for polymeric materials at meso-scale

PurposeThe current analysis was conducted to investigate the quality of surfaces and geometry of tracks printed using PolyMideTM CoPA, PolymaxTM PC and PolyMideTM PA6-CF materials through fused deposition modelling (FDM). This study also examined the degree of fusion of adjacent filaments (tracks) to approximate the optimal process parameters of the three materials.Design/methodology/approachImages of fused adjacent filaments were acquired using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after which, they were analysed using Image J Software and Minitab Software to determine the optimal process parameters.FindingsThe optimal process parameters for PolyMideTM CoPA are 0.25 mm, 40 mm/s, −0.10 mm, 255°C and 0.50 mm for layer thickness, printing speed, hatch spacing, extrusion temperature and extrusion width, respectively. It was also concluded that the optimal process parameters for PolymaxTM PC are 0.30 mm, 40 mm/s, 0.00 mm, 260°C and 0.6 mm for layer thickness, printing speed, hatch spacing, extrusion temperature and extrusion width, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsIt was difficult to separate tracks printed using PolyMideTM PA6-CF from the support structure, making it impossible to examine and determine their degree of fusion using SEM.Social implicationsThe study provides more knowledge on FDM, which is one of the leading additive manufacturing technology for polymers. The information provided in this study helps in continued uptake of the technique, which can help create job opportunities, especially among the youth and young engineers.Originality/valueThis study proposes a new and a more accurate method for optimising process parameters of FDM at meso-scale level.

Model Pengembangan Community Based Tourism Desa Jangkaran, Kabupaten Kulon Progo

Community-based tourism (CBT) development grants broader authority to the community to manage their village's potential to enhance the economy and sustainable development. This study aims to find a model for community-based tourism (CBT) development in Jangkaran Village, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, which has the potential for ecotourism, cultural tourism, and agrotourism. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, collecting data through observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and documentation, with the aid of SWOT analysis to determine priority strategies for tourism development in integration with the CBT model. The results show that community participation in managing tourist attractions is quite good, with most mangrove tourism attractions managed by Jangkaran community groups, and the presence of creative economy elements such as local art events, culinary offerings, and unique souvenirs. The challenges faced by Jangkaran tourism stakeholders include development programs and the construction of attractions, amenities, and accessibility, which are still hindered by regulations that do not fully support Jangkaran's tourism development. Based on the SWOT IFAS-EFAS analysis, the strategic position for Jangkaran Village tourism development falls into the SO (Strengths-Opportunities) quadrant, indicating a Competitive Strategy. Gradually, this CBT model can be applied in Jangkaran Village through an institutional collaboration approach, thereby realizing sustainable tourism, creating job opportunities for Jangkaran residents, and strengthening the village and household economy. This study can serve as a guide for Jangkaran Village to further develop tourism direction through careful planning, prioritizing sustainable development principles, and emphasizing community participation in planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN MALAYSIA: A REVIEW OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES

Oil palm has a significant role in the Malaysian economy, contributing 2.7% of the national gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020. This crop creates job opportunities, produces stable income, and improves the socio-economic status of the farmers. Despite the good impacts on economic and social perspectives, oil palm upstream activities were linked to various environmental impacts such as deforestation, fragmentation of tropical forests, soil erosion, wildlife habitat destruction, carbon and methane emissions, and peatland conversion. The goal of this study is to review the existing studies and findings on the impacts of oil palm plantation activities on Malaysian socio-economic status for the last decade (2011 - 2024). This paper focuses on the economic and environmental impacts of oil palm plantation activities. We applied the desktop study method to search for secondary data such as academic papers and reports from online databases. Most papers opined that oil palm upstream activities have positive impacts on the economy of Malaysia but are linked with negative impacts from environmental perspectives. Most papers also proposed that sustainable practices and certification in oil palm upstream activities are important approaches to reducing and managing environmental impacts. Strong commitment from the government and stakeholders was needed to tighten the policies on oil palm expansion, sustainable plantation practices, and forest conservation.

WOMEN AND WORK: DEMAND FOR LOW-PAID WORK AND MOVEMENT TO CITIES IN KERALA

Despite the achievements of the Indian state of Kerala in development indicators with a negligible gender gap, when it comes to employment, the performance of women’s paid participation falls below expectations. The low work participation rate of women in Kerala over the decades has been showing signs of improvement in the recent PLFS surveys. Apart from the reported increase in work through Kudumbaree and MGNREGA, the paper argues that the recent economic changes have created an increase in demand for low-paid work of women, contributing to this change. The paper tries to understand the nature of this demand created especially in the cities, by focusing on two low-end categories of work -salesgirls and domestic workers. The paper also tries to trace an emerging pattern of intrastate movement of women for work in the cities in these newly created job opportunities. The paper is based on primary survey, supplemented by secondary data and literature.

Boosting Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product with Digital Marketing

The most transformative and impactful force in the global socioeconomic landscape including Nigeria is digital marketing. This study analysed the challenges, opportunities, and benefits of digital marketing in job creation in Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. Secondary data which were collected from relevant ministries, departments, and agencies were used for the study. This study exposed the important components of digital marketing against the socioeconomic situation in the country. The study checked mobile usage, the present challenges, and opportunities for digital marketing with its impact in Nigeria. Through relevant digital campaigns, the relationship between digital marketing and job creation opportunities in Nigeria were analysed. The study confirmed that there is a great gap between the required job skills and available job skills; hence, the high rate of unemployment in the country. The study concluded that digital marketing is a good foundation for an improvement in job skills, and job employability through improved school curricula, teaching methods, and soft skills. Therefore, increased job skills will boost employment and productivity within and outside Nigeria, thereby boosting the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the short run and long run.

Effects of psychosocial characteristics on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: Focusing on change by year using the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging panel data (2014-2018).

Old age is associated with a higher risk of dementia. Psychosocial characteristics frequently affect cognitive function; however, the exact mechanism underlying the effect of psychosocial factors on cognitive function is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of psychosocial characteristics on cognitive function. The participants comprised 4809 middle-aged and older (years 50+) adults. The analysis used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2014 to 2018. The effects of neighborhood interaction, depression, life satisfaction, and economic activity on cognitive function were examined, and a linear mixed model analysis was performed to assess the change in cognitive function by year. A statistically significant association was found between neighborhood interaction and time. Additionally, cognitive function decreased in the presence of depression and with time. In men, significant interactions were found between depression and time and between economic activity and time. In women, significant interactions were found between life satisfaction and time. The findings indicate that since active neighborhood interaction positively affects cognitive function, it is necessary to develop various community-wide social activity programs for middle-aged and older adults. As depression is a risk factor for cognitive impairment, it is crucial to prevent cognitive decline through continuous management of depression. Given the positive effects of economic activity on cognitive function in men, it is essential to expand infrastructure to sustain economic activity by developing educational programs and creating job opportunities for middle-aged and older men.

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment, Productivity, and Growth on Indonesian Youth Unemployment

Unemployment is a consistent economic challenge faced by all countries. Indonesia, as a developing country, grapples with unemployment issues predominantly affecting young individuals. This research aims to examine the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), economic growth, and labor productivity on youth unemployment in Indonesia. Annual time series data from 1991 to 2022 were analyzed using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique. The study reveals a significant negative relationship between economic growth and labor productivity with youth unemployment in the long term. Meanwhile, in the short term, FDI and labor productivity have a significant positive impact on youth unemployment. It is hoped that the Indonesia government will prioritize the creation of job opportunities for young domestic workers and provide training to enhance the quality of youth workforce in Indonesia

Analysis of Added Value and Business Feasibility of Sago Tempe Chips Home Industry

Purpose: This study aims to examine the added value and feasibility of the home industry producing tempeh sago chips in Bekasi. Methodology: The research employs both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods to analyze the data. Results: The results indicate that the main reason for establishing the home industry of tempeh sago chips in Bekasi is to increase household income and create job opportunities for local residents. The added value obtained is an average of IDR 8,781.51/kg with an added value ratio of 19%, indicating a moderate level as it falls between 15% and 40%. The R/C Ratio is 1.53, where an R/C Ratio ≥ 1 is considered favorable. The Break-Even Point (BEP) for revenue is IDR 306,105.84, the BEP for production is 4.91 kg, and the BEP for price is IDR 40,817/kg. Findings: The study finds that the home industry of tempeh sago chips in Bekasi is viable and profitable, despite facing challenges such as the lack of bookkeeping practices. Novelty: This research provides new insights into the economic value addition and business feasibility of tempeh sago chips, highlighting the importance of proper financial management. Originality: The study presents a detailed analysis of the feasibility and value addition of tempeh sago chips, contributing to the understanding of small-scale food industries in Bekasi. Conclusions: The home industry of tempeh sago chips in Bekasi is feasible and profitable, making it a sustainable business venture. Type of Paper: Empirical Research Article

Development of Circular Economy in Agriculture in Hanoi, Vietnam

The introduction of circular economy principles into closed production systems is essential to address current socio-economic and ecological challenges efficiently. This approach not only saves costs, creates job opportunities, and fosters economic growth but also promotes the sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture. Transitioning to a circular economy model in agriculture contributes to achieving sustainable development goals. In Hanoi, Vietnam, sustainable agriculture development focuses on integrating natural processes and biological resources to enhance productivity while preserving the environment. Challenges persist in shifting from conventional to organic farming methods due to certification complexities and infrastructure limitations. Despite these hurdles, organic farming adoption is increasing, positively impacting agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The gradual expansion of certified organic agriculture in Hanoi indicates promising strides toward environmental conservation and economic development through a closed-loop agricultural system.

Does Expenditure Structure Affect Rural Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia? The Role of Village Fund Management

This study aimed to explore public financial management at the village level and identify the types of village fund expenditures that had the most significant relationship in reducing short-term rural poverty in Indonesia. Using the 2019-2021 panel data and the fixed effect method, the authors analyzed the relationship between the five types of village fund spending on poverty in 49,192 village units. The estimation results showed that spending merely on village development negatively and significantly affected the number of low-income rural families in Indonesia. Meanwhile, spending on disaster management, emergencies, and village urgency indicated a positive and significant relationship with the number of low-income families in the village. It implies that the government should focus on spending programs and activities that create job opportunities and increase income for rural poverty reduction. The government also needs to improve data related to uniformity and validity in measuring, recording, and reporting data in ministries, institutions, and regional governments. Thus, in allocating village funds, the government must expand the formula allocation so that village funds can significantly reduce rural poverty.

Timor-Leste Public Financial Management: Progress And Challenges

Since gaining independence, Timor-Leste has demonstrated suboptimal public financial management in handling oil revenues. Over the past two decades, Timor-Leste has relied on oil funds as the backbone of its economy, accounting for up to 80% of the national budget each year. As a consequence, Timor-Leste faces issues arising from this dependency on oil revenues. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of public financial management in Timor-Leste in managing the national budget to support the livelihoods of its citizens. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method to comprehensively describe the existing data. The results indicate public financial management by the Timor-Leste government in handling oil funds. The government has even invited foreign investors from countries such as Indonesia and China to develop infrastructure in Timor-Leste. However, despite these foreign investments, Timor-Leste has yet to create job opportunities that can absorb the existing labor force and sustainably drive the economy.

Community Care Strategies for Older Adults Facing Hardships: Insights from Central Thailand

The focus of the study is to analyze the community care approach for older adults facing hardships in the social and cultural context of the central region of Thailand. To obtain insightful information, a qualitative research study was performed using observation methods, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, secondary data, and field notes. A group of 85 key informants consisting of local administrative organizations (LAO), public sector officers from health service units, community leaders, civil groups, older adults facing hardships, and family caregivers participated in the study. There are nine approaches employed in the community care practices for older adults facing hardships as follows: 1) providing social welfare; 2) preparing and using information; 3) developing a service system; 4) developing potential in caring for older adults; 5) adjusting the environment to ensure its contribution to the living conditions; 6) rules, regulations, agreements, and policies; 7) creating job opportunities; 8) building food security; and 9) building and strengthening community networks. Understanding in-depth information regarding the nature of older adults, community strategies, and community involvement assists nurses in health management and increasing skills and knowledge on providing care for older adults.

Economic significance and environmental impacts of the Song Dam Drinking Water Project (SDDWP) in Garhwal Himalaya

With the population growth through natural growth and migration, coupled with the city expansion, it is the fact that Dehradun City in India faces severe water scarcity. Therefore, the Song Dam Drinking Water Project (SDDWP) is proposed to provide ample drinking water to Dehradun City and its suburban areas. This paper examined economic significance and environmental impacts of the SDDWP in Garhwal Himalaya, India. To conduct this study, we collected data from both primary and secondary sources. There are 12 villages and 3 forest divisions in the surrounding areas of the proposed dam project, of which 3 villages will be fully submerged and 50 households will be affected. For this study, 50 heads of the households were interviewed in the 3 submerged villages. The questions mainly focused on economic significance, environmental impacts, and rehabilitation issues of the dam project. The findings of this study indicate that economic significance of the dam project is substantial, including providing ample water for drinking and irrigation, contributing to groundwater recharge, creating job opportunities, and promoting the development of tourism and fisheries in the Doon Valley. In terms of the rehabilitation of the affected people, there are only 50 households in need of rehabilitation. Currently, the arable land of these affected people is not sufficient to sustain their livelihoods. The entire landscape is fragile, rugged, and precipitous; therefore, the affected people are willing to rehabilitate to more suitable areas in the Doon Valley. Moreover, it is essential to provide them with sufficient compensation packages including the compensation of arable land, houses, cash, common property resources, institutions, belongingness, and cultural adaptation. On the other hand, the proposed dam project will have adverse environmental impacts including arable land degradation, forest degradation, loss of fauna and flora, soil erosion, landslides, and soil siltation. These impacts will lead to the ecological imbalances in both upstream and downstream areas. This study suggests that the affected people should be given sufficient compensation packages in all respects. Afforestation programs can be launched in the degraded areas to compensate for the loss of forest in the affected areas.