Creating Brand Equity Research Articles

TV Advertising for Non Durable Goods (Personal Care) in Rural - A Paradigmn Shift in Factors of Influence

TV Advertising has made marketing race to put the brand on the top of the mind, creating brand equity, maintaining the brand loyalty has extended its net to influence the rural consumers. Marketers use different media vehicles to communicate with this target audience. India is an agro-based economy and the growth of most of the other sectors of economy is driven by rural demand. Consequently, television commercials appear to have a large impact upon the brand preference and purchase behavior of Rural Consumers. Of all marketing weapons TV advertising has the leading impact as its exposure is more, and is the most attractive media for rural consumers. The purpose of this research paper is to study paradigm shift in different factors of TV advertising for non durable goods (FMCG) which influences rural consumer buying behavior. Rural marketing has become the latest mantra of most corporate even MNCs are eyeing rural markets to capture the large Indian market. Increase in purchasing power fuelled lot of interest, several companies are exploring attractive TV advertising like HUL, ITC, P and G etc.

DOES PROMOTION MIX REALLY HELP TO ENHANCE BRAND EQUITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

In the modern marketing, promotion is the most familiar strategy used by the various business organizations to fascinate the customer. Promotional mix is a critical approach to enhance the sales that are why companies try to do some more attractive, influencing promotion through various media. The prime motive of the article is reviewing the promotions mix elements significance (advertising, personal selling, public relations and direct marketing, sale promotion) to brand equity dimensions. The result endorses that promotional mix component helps to enhance the brand equity. No doubt, promotion mix elements have a dynamic and significant impact on brand equity, but studies also recommended that monetary promotion might harm brand image which can be a negative effect on brand equity creation. This article discusses the significance of promotion mix element to brand equity .

Advertising and country-of-origin images as sources of brand equity and the moderating role of brand typicality

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the influence of an individual’s attitude towards advertising and country-of-origin (COO) images (brand origin (BO) and country of manufacture (COM)) on brand equity creation; and second, to investigate how brand typicality moderates the effect of BO macro image on perceived quality.Design/methodology/approachThe data to test the hypotheses were elicited from a consumer survey in the Greater Lisbon area (305 Portuguese consumers). The product category of smartphones was selected for two main reasons: it has not been extensively analysed in previous studies on the subject of brand equity; it is a device well-known to Portuguese consumers (particularly in the Greater Lisbon area). Three criteria guided the selection of the brands. The first criterion is to select brands which are well-known to consumers. The second is to choose brands with a distinctive BO and a main COM. The third and final criterion is to consider brands in different positions in the brand ranking. In order to estimate structural path coefficients, R2, Q2, and bootstrap techniques, the current study employs the partial least squares approach.FindingsThe results show that individuals’ attitudes towards advertisements have a positive impact on brand equity creation, whereas those towards the COM do not significantly influence brand equity creation. Attitudes towards BO only have a partial influence. Brand typicality, however, exerts a significant direct effect on brand equity dimensions and, hence, does not have a significant moderating effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors suggest analysing the influence of COO on dimensions of brand equity considering consumer segmentation, types of industry and a range of brands, as well as different levels of consumer involvement with the product category. Several brands with the same COO should be analysed in order to understand whether the effects on brand equity depend on the product category. Although the current study is a first attempt to combine the potential effect of individuals’ attitudes towards advertisements and COO on creating brand equity, further research should examine additional potential antecedents of brand equity. Finally, cross-cultural studies are recommended.Practical implicationsRegarding managerial implications, three main aspects should be taken into consideration. First, creative, original and different advertising strategies are more effective than the COO in creating brand equity and, consequently, in building loyalty among smartphone consumers. Second, consumers do not tend to care about the place, country or region where the smartphone is produced, but the image of the country where the brand originated may be important. Finally, managers should be aware that, at least, in the smartphone sector, the way consumers create favourable associations with the brand and typicality, trust the company and consider it good value for money, are more effective in building brand loyalty than the perceived quality of the product/brand.Social implicationsRelating to the interrelationship between COO and brand equity, the results of the current study prove that the effects of COO are category specific. Therefore, more studies focussed on other contexts of products and brands are still needed to know in more detail how COO exerts an influence on brand equity dimensions. Even within a product category context, the results can depend on individual brands being analysed.Originality/valueTo the knowledge of the authors, this study is the first to investigate the dual (simultaneous) effect of individuals’ attitudes towards advertisements and COO images on brand equity dimensions. Adding to the originality of the paper, the category of smartphone with respect to brand equity has not been extensively analysed in previous studies.

Investigating the Effect of Selected Marketing Efforts in Brand Equity Creation and Its Cross-Cultural Invariance in Emerging Markets

In the field of brand management, numerous studies have been conducted on brand equity conceptualization, measurement and validation. Also, previous researchers have shown that consumer-based brand equity via its dimensions can be created and maintained through a company’s marketing mix activities. Brand equity according to Keller, is the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing activities performed on the brand. Due to cultural differences, consumers’ reaction will differ and thus these marketing efforts will have varying results in different markets.Drawn from both Aaker’s & Keller’s conceptualizations of brand equity, the current study develops a brand equity creation process model similar to Yoo et al.’s and examines its cross-cultural invariance through a structural invariance test using data from two important growing markets—Ghana and China. Results prove that some marketing efforts and dimensions of brand equity have invariant effects on brand equity across the Ghana and Chinese samples. Specifically, the effect of price on perceived quality was not equivalent in both markets. Relationship among brand equity dimensions were also not equivalent, however these dimensions all show an equivalent, positive effect on brand equity. Managerial implications for international brands and limitations for future research are discussed.

Does Promotion Mix Really Help To Enhance Brand Equity: A Literature Review

In the modern marketing, promotion is the most familiar strategy used by the various business organizations to fascinate the customer. Promotional mix is a critical approach to enhance the sales that are why companies try to do some more attractive, influencing promotion through various media. The prime motive of the article is reviewing the promotions mix elements significance (advertising, personal selling, public relations and direct marketing, sale promotion) to brand equity dimensions. The result endorses that promotional mix component helps to enhance the brand equity. No doubt, promotion mix elements have a dynamic and significant impact on brand equity, but studies also recommended that monetary promotion might harm brand image which can be a negative effect on brand equity creation. This article discusses the significance of promotion mix element to brand equity.

Estrategias de gestión del valor de marca de las cabeceras de prensa españolas a través de sus extensiones digitales

Las marcas periodísticas encuentran en las plataformas digitales una gran oportunidad de mantener y aumentar el valor que tienen. Solo una minoría de empresas informativas tradicionales ha desarrollado estrategias de gestión de ese valor. Cuando las extensiones digitales no son coherentes con las marcas madre, pueden diluir su imagen y acabar siendo contraproducentes. Este artículo explora hasta qué punto las marcas de prensa utilizan sus extensiones digitales para aumentar su valor y cómo comunican su marca a través de ellas. La metodología escogida para ello es el análisis de contenidos de las ediciones online y de los perfiles en redes sociales de las 44 cabeceras más leídas en España. Los resultados indican que esas marcas no han explotado aún todo el potencial que las plataformas online tienen para ganar valor. Realizan solo una comunicación parcial de sí mismas y no han llevado a cabo algunas de las acciones que se consideran prioritarias en la gestión estratégica de la marca, tales como la definición de la identidad y la concreción de la misión. La discusión de los resultados permite proponer algunas estrategias de creación de valor de marca en las empresas informativas.

Investigating Relationship between Brand Image, Brand Credibility and Brand Equity

Brand image is the combination of consumers' perceptions and beliefs regarding a brand as it is the belief of consumers which makes a brand trustworthy and likable. The present study analyses the role played by brand image in making brand credibility and the role played by brand image and brand credibility in creating brand equity has been analysed. Further, the role of brand credibility as a mediator between brand image and brand equity has been analyed. This research paper has tested three hypotheses on data collected from 477 responded comprising of all groups. Sample population consists of consumers using package foods and sports goods. Reliability tests on data set have been carried out, A rich literature review has been carried out to trace the development of concepts of Brand image, Brand value and Brand equity and their importance for marketing management. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) show that brand image, brand value and brand equity have positive effects on purchase behavior of consumers.

Marketing mix effects on private labels brand equity

The present study explores some marketing mix effects on private labels brand equity creation. The research aims to study the effect of some elements under retailer's direct control such as in-store communications, in-store promotions and distribution intensity as well as other general marketing mix levers such as advertising, perceived price, and monetary promotions. The results indicate that the most efficient marketing mix tools for private label brand equity creation are private labels in-store communications, private labels distribution intensity and the perceived price. These results highlight the importance of the store as a key driver for the private labels brand equity creation. As opposed to manufacturer brands we find no effect of advertising on the private labels brand equity and an opposite effect of the perceived price. This study is a pioneering contribution in the domain of private labels brand equity research exploring a more comprehensive and in-store specific set of marketing mix initiatives as sources of brand equity. The results suggest important implications for retailers when managing their own brands.

Brand Equity through Customer Engagement in Social Media: A Critical Review

In the context of present competitive environment, brands are the crucial drivers regarding product purchase, revenue and profit generation. Hence, Brands constitute an important intangible asset for the firms. Simultaneously, with the advent of internet, IT services and social media network information services, consumers are turning away from traditional sources of communication such as press, radio, television as used by various companies in past. Now a days, consumers take their decisions largely based on their trust on friends, family and online product reviews, and all of these are found in the social media network environment. Similarly, various authors highlighted brand identity approach for creating brand equity as employee constitute the original source of brand equity. Thus, present research gives important theoretical insights on the development of brand equity through customer engagement in social media. This research tries to assimilate the five dimensions of Aaker's well-known conceptual framework of brand equity with the process of customer engagement in social media along with brand identity approach through employee engagement and thus, an integrated conceptual framework has been developed.

Exploring relationships between customer-based brand equity and its drivers and consequences in the hotel context. An impact-asymmetry assessment

The development of customer-based brand equity plays a critical role in tourism. This paper attempts to study which variables contribute to brand equity creation and to examine whether brand loyalty can be considered as a consequence of brand equity in the hotel context. In addition, it seeks to provide more detailed insights into possible asymmetric effects among customer-based brand equity and its drivers and consequences. Four constructs are found to influence significantly brand equity: two perceptual (image and perceived quality) and two relational variables (trust and affective commitment). Additionally, both behavioural and attitudinal components of loyalty are confirmed as brand equity outcomes. The impact-asymmetry analysis reveals that perceived quality does not play a significant role in explaining brand equity, while awareness and trust emerge to have a significant negatively asymmetric impact. The paper is novel as the proposed model includes two new variables that are deemed critical to hospitality research, that is, trust and affective commitment. The relationship structure of the model is new to the literature as loyalty is conceptualized as a consequence of brand equity, thus confirming theoretical assumptions with limited empirical evidence. Finally, it is the first study that examines asymmetric impacts of customer-based brand equity drivers.

Impacts of Community Commitment on Brand Equity Creation in Company-Initiated Online Brand Communities

With the emergence of online communities, the role of online communities in establishing brand equity has been greatly emphasized. In order to enhance our understanding of commitment in online brand communities, the present study attempts to investigate how three dimensions of community commitment (continuance, affective, and normative commitment) influence each component of brand equity (brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty) in the context of company-initiated online brand community. An online survey was conducted with a sample of online brand community members. The results found differential impacts of three types of community commitment on brand equity components, emphasizing the role of continuance and affective commitment. Continuance community commitment positively influenced brand awareness and brand association. Affective community commitment positively affected perceived quality, while among the three, only continuance and affective community commitment influenced the enhancement of brand loyalty. The results suggest that brand marketers need to focus on continuance and affective commitment factors in their online communities to effectively enhance brand equity possessed by consumers. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.

Social media marketing efforts of luxury brands: Influence on brand equity and consumer behavior

Scant evidence is available on of how social media marketing activities influence brand equity creation and consumers' behavior towards a brand. This research explores these relationships by analyzing pioneering brands in the luxury sector (Burberry, Dior, Gucci, Hermès, and Louis Vuitton). Based on a survey of 845 luxury brand consumers (Chinese, French, Indian, and Italian), who follow the five brands studied on social media, the study develops a structural equation model that helps to address gaps in prior social media branding literature. Specifically, the study demonstrates the links between social media marketing efforts and their consequences (brand preference, price premium, and loyalty). The study measures brands' social media marketing efforts as a holistic concept that incorporates five aspects (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, customization, and word of mouth). Another contribution of the study is that it finds that SMMEs have a significant positive effect on brand equity and on the two main dimensions of brand equity: brand awareness and brand image.

Can advanced technology affect customer-based brand equity in service firms? An empirical study in upscale hotels

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the impact of perceived information and communication technology (ICT) on creation of brand equity within service firms, more specifically upscale hotels. The relationships between ICT and three brand equity dimensions, i.e. brand image, perceived quality, and brand loyalty are examined.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical research was conducted in 20 upscale hotels in Rome-Italy, collecting data from 335 guests.Findings– Advanced ICT directly influences perceived quality and image, while the impact of ICT on loyalty is mediated by perceived quality. Additionally, positive and significant relationships are found between the three brand equity dimensions.Research limitations/implications– The lack of significance of ICT impact on loyalty needs further attention. Future studies could center on this specific relationship, examining whether hotel companies that implement technology efficiently are able to deal with loyalty.Practical implications– Managers are encouraged to invest in advanced technologies as their adoption and subsequent perception among guests can shape brand image and perceived service quality, thus influencing brand equity from the consumer perspective.Originality/value– The contributions of this paper are fourfold. First, the ICT and customer-based brand equity concepts are studied together in the hotel context. Second, the inter-relationship among the three brand equity dimensions is analyzed. Third, the model is tested from the guest perceptive, as customers themselves can provide the most valuable inputs for business strategies. Finally, the work contributes to the service field by providing an empirical evidence on the potential and impact of advanced technology.

Comparative Analysis of the Antecedents and Dimensions of Brand Equity Between Food Processors’ Brands and Supermarket’s Private Labels

This paper evaluates the relationship between the marketing mix elements and the creation of brand equity based on a conceptual framework defined from the state of the art marketing literature. The study is based on individual perceptions of 603 buyers who had the experience in the context of an assisted “top of mind” of six brands of food processors versus the private label of a supermarket in the city of Fortaleza - Ceara. The results of the hypotheses tests, with the application of the structural equation modeling, show that the marketing mix elements relate differently to the dimensions that antecedents brand equity, and that the perceived quality and brand association dimensions are similar in the formation of brand equity of manufacturers and supermarket’s food brands.

Electronic games: can they create value for the moderate drinking brand?

Purpose – This paper aims to understand how experiential value can generate awareness, image, perceived quality and loyalty to the moderate drinking brand. Electronic games are increasingly used by social marketers in an attempt to support target audiences uptake of social behaviours. However, little is known of the value this creates for target audiences and its impact on the uptake of a social behaviour brand. Design/methodology/approach – A survey of male adolescents (n = 137) was conducted to test proposed relationships between experiential value and consumer-based brand equity dimensions. The research tested the game “Don’t Turn a Night Out into a Nightmare” that was developed by the Australian Federal Government as part of a social marketing campaign. Data were analysed using linear regression and MANCOVA. Findings – The findings indicate that there are significant relationships between consumer-based brand equity dimensions for the social behaviour brand of moderate drinking, indicating relevance of a commercial marketing theory for social marketing. Furthermore, findings show that different combinations of experiential value dimensions have an impact on different components of consumer-based brand equity. These findings indicate that when social marketers are developing electronic games, they must create different combinations of value in game play to achieve awareness, positive image, high perceived quality and, ultimately, loyalty to a behaviour. Practical implications – Social marketers seeking to use electronic games to influence the uptake of behaviour brands such as moderate drinking must provide a more complete value package. Originality/value – This paper is the first to examine how experiential value can influence the creation of brand equity for a social behaviour brand.

LUXURY BRANDS SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING EFFORTS: INFLUENCE ON BRAND EQUITY AND CONSUMERS’ BEHAVIOR

There is relatively little evidence on how social media marketing activities influence brand equity creation and consumers’ behavior towards the brand. We explore these relationships by analyzing pioneering brands in the luxury sector (Burberry, Dior, Gucci, Hermes, and Louis Vuitton). Based on a survey of 845 luxury brand consumers (Chinese, French, Indian and Italian) who follow the five brands studied on social media, we developed a structural equation model that helps to address gaps in prior social media branding literature. Specifically, our study demonstrates the links between social media marketing efforts – measured as a holistic concept incorporating five aspects (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, customization and word of mouth) and their consequences (brand preference, price premium and loyalty).

PRICE PROMOTIONS AND BRAND EQUITY: THE CASE OF LUXURY BRANDS

This study aims to investigate the effects of price promotions on the perception of a brand in the mind of consumer in luxury market. This study extends the previous literature on price promotional strategy and brand equity (brand awareness, brand image, and brand loyalty) by focusing on how a consumer perceives functional value and psychological value to create brand equity in luxury products.

The Impact of Marketing Efforts on Brand Equity: A Case of Samsung Brand in Sudan

This study investigates the relationships between selected marketing mix elements in the creation of brand equity at Samsung Company-Sudan. In order to achieve the research objectives and to test its hypotheses data was collected by deploying questionnaire for 368 Samsung customers in Sudan. The research results reveal that marketing efforts have a significant effect on perceived quality and brand loyalty; whereas marketing activities have partial significant effect on brand image and brand awareness. The test results also show that all the marketing-mix efforts except advertising spending affect the overall value of brand equity.

Brand personality and brand equity: evidence from the sportswear industry

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the personalities of sportswear brands and their relationship to brand equity using Aaker’s methodology in the context of sportswear brands. Design/methodology/approach – This paper used Aaker’s brand personality framework to empirically investigate the personality of sportswear brands and the impact of brand personality on brand equity based on data collected from 420 college students. Findings – Results revealed that the personality of sportswear brands can be described in seven dimensions and 53 personality traits: competence, attractiveness, sincerity, innovation, activity, excitement and ruggedness. The study identified that four dimensions among all the seven personality dimensions, namely, competence, attractiveness, Sincerity and innovation, are the positive and significant contributing factors to the creation and enhancement of sportswear brand equity. Originality/value – This study makes an important contribution to the understanding of brand personality and brand equity in the context of sportswear brands. It confirmed that consumers do associate particular brand personality dimensions with sportswear brands, and certain dimensions of brand personality have a direct impact on brand equity. The study showed that not all brand personality dimensions have the same influence in increasing the value of a sportswear brand from a consumer perspective, some dimensions being more efficient than others. The findings provide insights as to what dimensions of brand personality would deliver the best result in today’s competitive sportswear market.

Role of Advertising and Promotion in Brand Equity Creation

This article surveys the effects of the individual's attitude toward advertising and nonmonetary promotions besides other subjects, namely advertising cost and monetary promotions on brand equity. It has been surveyed on 392 consumers in Iran. Its results prove the effective role of the individual's attitude toward advertising in promoting the brand equity. The deficiency of advertising in affecting the perceived quality and brand association, and the inefficacy of nonmonetary promotions on brand equity are the fascinating ramifications. In addition, the findings show that businesses can improve the process of the brand equity management by contemplating the relations between the dimensions of the brand equity.