Enzyme Creatine Phosphokinase Research Articles

Efficiency Research of the Beverage Based on the Still Mineral Water and BAD “Eramin”

The article presents analysis results of the actual consumption of drinking water and sport drinks by athletes before and after training and concerns the effectiveness study of the drink based on non-carbonated mineral drinking water “ARDVI” and dietary supplement “Eramin”. Analysis of liquid consumption by sportspeople before and after training shows that all athletes participating in the experiment (100,0 %) consume bottled drinking water for dehydration. The maximum consumption of bottled water is 1 500 ml, the minimum – 150 ml; the amount of tea drunk by judoists equal 500 ml with an average amount of 324 ml; carbonated drinks (“Coca-Cola”, “Sprite”, etc.) athletes do not use. The authors suggested judo athletes to replace 500 ml of bottled water with 500 ml of a drink based on the mineral water “ARDVI” and the biologically active supplement “Eramin”. According to the results of preclinical research conducted on rats, the introduction of this drink to animals through a probe contributes to the muscle and epithelial tissues regeneration. When studying the testosterone and cortisol amount in the blood of athletes, authors found that on the 90th day of taking a drink based on mineral water “ARDVI” these indicators were 84.2 ± 0.6 and 35.1 ± 0.8 nmol/l, respectively; and in the first group – 71.3± 0.5 and 26.4± 0.4 nmol/l, which is 18.1 and 33.0 % higher than in the control group. An increase in the number of studied hormones in the blood of athletes can indicate an increase in physical performance and a decrease in fatigue. Researchers noted a high value of the creatine phosphokinase enzyme (137 units/l) in the blood serum of athletes in the control group, which indicates training intensity and the possibility of muscle tissue injury. In the blood of athletes of the experimental group, the amount of this enzyme is 85 units/l, which is lower than the control by 62.0 %. There was a significant decrease in the activity of AST and ALT enzymes by 15.8 and 22.0 % while consuming studied drink by athletes. At the same time, the muscle injury index corresponded to the norm. Athletes who took the sports drink under study had the optimal value of the de Ritis coefficient (1.33). Authors concluded that the athletes use of drink based on mineral water “ARDVI” and dietary supplement “Eramin” allows sportsmen to maintain performance, reduce fatigue and prevent muscle tissue damage, including the myocardium.

Tribulus Terrestris may decrease muscle damage markers following a high-intensity resistance exercise: A pilot study.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two weeks of Tribulus Terrestris (TT) on the responses of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and enzymes creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following a single session of resistance exercise (RE). Eighteen healthy non-athlete males (age: 22.44 ± 2.54 years, BMI: 26.15 ± 1.62 kg/m2) participated in this study and were divided randomly into two 9-person groups of supplementation or placebo. The participants consumed two 250-mg capsules of TT or placebo (maltodextrin) per day and performed six REs with the intensity 80, 85, and 90% of 1RM in three circles at the day after the end of supplementation period. Blood samples were collected before the initiation of supplementation, and before and after the RE session. Total changes of IL-6 (p<0.001) and LDH (p=0.005) were significant in both groups. Bonferroni post hoc test showed that increased values of IL-6 and CPK in both groups were significant after exercise compared with pre-exercise and baseline (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in relation to within- and between-group changes in hs-CRP (p>0.05). Moreover, differences between the groups regarding post-exercise IL-6 and CPK were not significant (p>0.05). However, post-exercise LDH in supplementation group were lower than placebo group (p=0.015). In conclusion, short-term supplementation with TT has no effect on IL-6 and hs-CRP, but may be effective on the reduction of muscle damage enzymes CPK and LDH following high-intensity circuit RE.

Comparison of serum and salivary enzyme creatine phosphokinase in patients with oral dysplasias

Comparison of serum and salivary enzyme creatine phosphokinase in patients with oral dysplasias - JOOO- Print ISSN No: - 2395-6186 Online ISSN No:- 2395-6194 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jooo.2019.027, Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology-J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol

Upregulation of let-7f-2-3p by long noncoding RNA NEAT1 inhibits XPO1-mediated HAX-1 nuclear export in both in vitro and in vivo rodent models of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Clinical application of doxorubicin (Dox) is limited due to its undesirable side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) such as microRNA-140-5p and miR-23a aggravate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Here we demonstrate that upregulation of miRNA let-7f-2-3p by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 inhibits exportin-1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export of hematopoietic-substrate-1 associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Treatment of the H9c2 cells with the Dox (1μM) for 6h inhibited HAX-1 nuclear export and decreased XPO1 expression. Overexpression of XPO1 significantly attenuated the Dox-induced leakage of myocardial enzymes (creatine phosphokinase, creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis with the increased HAX-1 nuclear export. Differentially expressed miRNAs including let-7f-2-3p were selected from the Dox or vehicle-treated cardiomyocytes. TargetScan and luciferase assay showed that let-7f-2-3p targeted XPO1 3' UTR. Inhibition of let-7f-2-3p reduced Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and apoptosis by inhibiting XPO1-mediated HAX-1 nuclear export, whereas let-7f-2-3p overexpression aggravated these effects. In addition, lncRNA NEAT1 was identified as an endogenous sponge RNA to repress let-7f-2-3p expression. Overexpression of lncRNA NEAT1 abolished the increased let-7f-2-3p expression by Dox, and thereby attenuated cardiotoxicity. The loss function of let-7f-2-3p increased XPO1-mediated HAX-1 nuclear export and reduced myocardial injury in Dox (20mg/kg)-treated rats. Importantly, let-7f-2-3p inhibition in mice alleviated Dox-induced cardiotoxicity and preserved the antitumor efficacy. Together, let-7f-2-3p regulated by lncRNA NEAT1 aggravates Dox-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibiting XPO1-mediated HAX-1 nuclear export, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target against Dox-induced cardiotoxicity.

Benign Acute Childhood Myositis: A Benign Disease that Mimics More Severe Neuromuscular Disorder.

Context:Proximal lower limb weakness presenting acutely with or without preceding fever is a strong mimic of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). Benign acute childhood myositis (BACM) forms an important differential diagnosis in such cases.Aim:To characterize the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with BACM for better understanding of the disease.Settings and Design:This prospective longitudinal study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of northern India.Materials and Methods:Thirty-two patients presenting in the outpatient or emergency clinic of the hospital with severe myalgia that exacerbated with straight leg raising test and fever from July 2016 to July 2017 were included in the study.Statistical Analysis:All the continuous data were expressed as number and percentage or mean ± standard deviation/median. Non-parametric continuous data between groups were analyzed by Friedman’s test.Results:The mean age of the patients was 14.3 (±8.7) years and they presented after a nonspecific febrile illness in most of the cases (53.1%). The symptoms resolved after a mean of 5.7 (±1.6) days. Myalgia was present in 21 (65%) cases, whereas proximal weakness was the prominent finding in 14 (43%) cases. Electrolyte abnormality (hypokalemia) was present in four (12.5%) cases. In all patients, the muscle enzymes (creatine phosphokinase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase) were elevated at presentation, and electromyography showed myopathic pattern. A significant recovery took place in the next 5–7 days.Conclusion:BACM should be actively looked for in cases of painful acute proximal limb weakness in the adolescents.

CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF INM 176 ON ISCHEMIA REPERFUSION INJURY USING RAT HEART MODEL

Objective: Cardioprotective effect of INM-176 in ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat heart was evaluated by measuring the extent of release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) and by measuring the myocardial infarction (MI) size.Methods: Five groups of animals were employed. Animals were sacrificed, and heart was mounted over the Langendorff’s apparatus. Group I was employed as control group, Group II was the myocardial ischemic (MI) group, and Group III, IV, and V were pre-treated with different doses of INM- 176 (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg). After this, global ischemia accompanied by reperfusion for 30 and 120 minutes was given, respectively. The effluent was collected from coronary vessel before the initiation of ischemia, immediately, after 5 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. The magnitude of myocardial injury was measured by LDH and CK release in coronary effluent. MI size was also evaluated macroscopically using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining.Results: In the present study, INM-176 was found to produce a dose-dependent cardioprotective effect against I/R injury, as observed by a decrease in the level of LDH, CK, and infarct size. Pre-treatment with a dose of 600 mg/kg was found to be more effective as compared to 150 and 300 mg/kg dose of INM-176.Conclusion: INM-176 pre-treatment at a dose of 600 mg/kg provides cardioprotection against I/R-induced myocardial injury.

Urinary manifestations in Isaacs's syndrome. Our experience in 8 cases.

Isaacs's syndrome (IS), is a rare neurological disorder, characterized by sustained muscular activity, fasciculations, cramps, myokymia, excessive sweating, and occasional elevation of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzyme. To report our experience in patients with IS and urinary manifestations, describing clinical findings, test's results, and response to treatment. Methods An observational, retrospective analysis of patients with IS and urinary manifestations treated at German Hospital of Buenos Aires between 2001 and 2011 was done. Diagnosis was performed with clinical examination and electromyography (EMG) of external sphincter of the anus and/or urethra. Demographic, clinical, and treatment variables were analyzed. International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) at diagnosis and follow up was made. Eleven IS patients were recruited, of whom 8 (72.72%) were females with a mean age 47.87 years (DS ± 13.95) and presented associated lower tract urinary symptoms (LUTS). Six of them (75%) had voiding and 2 (25%) filling symptoms. Urodynamic and electromyographic findings reproduced symptomatology in all patients. Patients with voiding symptomatology were treated with combination of alpha-blockers with benzodiazepines; membrane stabilizings agents; antiepileptics; neurotropic; corticoids; posterior tibial nerve stimulation and botulinum toxin, achieving improvement in 4/6. The two patients with storage symptoms were treated in first instance with anticholinergic drugs, one of which did not respond completely was added oral pentosansulfate and electrical stimulation, reversing the symptomatology. Four patients had associated pathologies: Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Sjögren's syndrome; dysautonomia, and myasthenia gravis. In our experience, IS urinary manifestations are common and usually has a good evolution with adequate treatment for each patient.

Protective Effect of Benfotiamine against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rabbits

The protective effect of benfotiamine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was evaluated in rabbits. Pretreatment of rabbits with 70mg/kg benfotiamine orally 7 days before induction of cardiotoxicity with I.V 15mg/kg doxorubicin. injection resulted in significant reduction of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase enzyme in the serum compared to doxorubicin treated animals; benfotiamine also improves the histological changes produced by doxorubicin in the cardiac muscle compared to control. In conclusion, benfotiamine when used concomitantly with doxorubicin protects the myocardium against the cardiotoxicity induced by this cytotoxic drug.

Determination of optimal degree days of fasting before slaughter in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Pre-slaughter fasting is a common practice in aquaculture to ensure emptying of the digestive tract, but little is known about how long fish should be fasted, in terms of degree days (°Cdays), to clear the gut without affecting their welfare or flesh quality. In this study, 180 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fasted for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9days (17.2, 22.3, 28.6, 35.3, 41.8 and 55.3°Cdays, respectively) and different morphometric, hematological and flesh quality parameters were measured. The slaughter weight, relative growth and hepato-somatic index did not decrease until after 7days of fasting (41.8°Cdays) and stomach content was similar and near zero after 4days of fasting (22.3°Cdays). Conversely, fasting time increased carcass yield. Plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and creatine phosphokinase enzyme were lower with increasing days of fasting. However, trout slaughtered after 5days of fasting (28.6°Cdays) had a higher flesh pH at 0h post-mortem than 3 and 4days fasted trout and, consequently, earlier establishment of rigor mortis. Furthermore, liver color could be useful as a stress indicator since its hue decreases after 5days of fasting (28.6°Cdays). In conclusion, a pre-slaughter fasting period from 17.2°Cdays to 22.3°Cdays makes possible to obtain a complete emptying of the digestive system in rainbow trout and simultaneously it can minimize the stress response with consequent better flesh quality.

Effects of a standardized extract of Rheum turkestanicum Janischew root on diabetic changes in the kidney, liver and heart of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Numerus studies highlighted benefits of natural flavonoids in the management of diabetes. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of a high flavonoids containing extract of Rheum turkestanicum on diabetic changes in different tissues. Male Wistar rats were divided into normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic groups received saline or hydroalcoholic extract of R. turkestanicum root (100, 200 and 300mg/kg) through orogastric gavage for 4 weeks. Serum glucose, HbA1c, lipids, creatinine, uric acid, liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), and cardiac enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase) in diabetic control group were significantly higher compared to normal control group (p<0.001). The extract significantly reduced these factors, increased body weight, and improved both glucosurea and proteinuria. Lipid peroxidation was high in the liver of diabetic rats compared to normal rats (p<0.001) and reverted toward control values by R. turkestanicum. Also, the extract significantly protected the liver, kidney, and heart of diabetic rats against histopathological changes. In conclusion, R. turkestanicum inhibited the development of nephropathy, liver injury, and myocardial damage in diabetes by lowering the serum levels of glucose and lipids, and by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated lipid peroxidation.

Detection of Carbofuran-Protein Adducts in Serum of Occupationally Exposed Pesticide Factory Workers in Pakistan.

This study was conducted to investigate the protein adducts with pesticides in a cohort of 172 factory workers that were exposed to a mixture of pesticides. The 35 samples showing considerable variation in biochemical parameters, i.e., butyrylcholinestrase (BChE), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP/ALKP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) enzymes, and controls were analyzed by reversed-phase nanoscale liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer employing a shotgun proteomics approach. Only protein adducts with carbofuran were found on serum proteins of these workers. These adducts were of carbofuran labeled lysine (Lys-142, Lys-183, Lys-287, and Lys-467), arginine (Arg-210, Arg-242, and Arg-256) from serum albumin, and serine (Ser-07, Ser-54, and Ser-150) from immunoglobulin proteins. The arginine residues (Arg-210, Arg-242, Arg-246, and Arg-434) from albumin were also found to be glycated in serum of workers showing a high level of glucose who also had glycated arginine (Arg-1120) modified with carbofuran in their tankyrase-1-binding protein. The number of tandem mass spectra of modified peptides increased with increasing time of exposure. This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of carbofuran-labeled albumin, immunoglobulin, and glycated arginine, which shows that lysine and arginine of human albumin and serine of immunoglobulin are covalently modified in the serum of workers that were occupationally exposed to carbofuran, and the modification is detectable by tandem mass spectrometry. These peptides modified with carbofuran can potentially be used as a biomarker of carbofuran exposure.

Effects of Pitavastatin on Lipid Profiles in HIV-Infected Patients with Dyslipidemia and Receiving Atazanavir/Ritonavir: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study.

BackgroundDyslipidemia as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease is common especially in HIV-infected patients who are using protease inhibitors (PIs) including atazanavir. Pitavastatin has less drug-drug interactions and demonstrable efficacy in decreasing lipid levels in non HIV-infected individuals.Materials and MethodsThis study was a randomized, double-blind, crossover study comparing the safety and efficacy of pitavastatin vs placebo in HIV-infected patients with dyslipidemia and receiving atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r). Patients were randomized to receive either placebo or pitavastatin for 12 weeks. The follow-up visits were every 4 weeks until the end of the study.ResultsA total of 12 HIV-infected patients were enrolled to each study group. Of all, 14 (58%) patients were men and mean (standard deviation, SD) age was 48.1 (1.8) years. At 12 weeks of treatment with pitavastatin compared to placebo; mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] total cholesterol (TC) was 207 (187.3, 226.8) mg/dL vs 246.3 (226.5, 266) mg/dL (p <0.001); mean (95% CI) triglyceride (TG) was 351.3 (193.2, 509.4) mg/dL vs 279.1 (121, 437.2) mg/dL (p = 0.269); mean (95% CI) high density lipoprotein (HDL) was 45.3 (40.4, 50.2) mg/dL vs 44.2 (39.3, 49.1) mg/dL (p = 0.354); and mean (95% CI) low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 113.2 (100.4, 126) mg/dL vs 145.6 (132.8, 158.4) mg/dL (p <0.001). Mean liver enzyme and median creatine phosphokinase levels were not statistically significant between patients receiving placebo and pitavastatin.ConclusionsPitavastatin decreases TC and LDL level at 12 weeks significantly and shows indifferent in hepatotoxicity and creatine phosphokinase levels compared to those of placebo. Thus, pitavastatin can be a good option of lipid-lowering agent in HIV-infected patients who are receiving ATV/r.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02442700

Ethanol effects on histobiochemical parameters of suckling pups borned from alcoholic rat mothers

Fetus and neonate growth retardation is one of the main characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) disorders. Ethanol can be transferred to the fetus through the placenta and to newborns through suckling. This study was designed to investigate the effects of consuming different doses of ethanol during lactation on enzymatic and tissue changes and growth indices in suckling rat pups. Forty-five lactating Wistar rats with nine lactating pups each were randomly allocated to three treatment groups. The two treatment groups received 2 and 4 % v/v ethanol, while the third group was the control on distilled water for 24 days. On day 25 after birth, 30 newborn rats were randomly selected from each group and serum activity of liver enzyme markers, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and creatine phosphokinase enzymes was measured. Pathological examinations were performed on brain, liver, and kidney tissues. The obtained data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunnett’s tests. Enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the rats that received alcohol as compared to the control. In histopathological examinations, different injuries were observed in kidney, liver, and brain tissues of suckling pups exposed to 4 % v/v ethanol. Consumption of alcohol in the lactating rats can cause irreparable effects on the suckling neonate.

Paliperidone Inducing Concomitantly Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, and Rhabdomyolysis.

Paliperidone, an active metabolite of risperidone, is a new atypical antipsychotic agent. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), and rhabdomyolysis are the uncommon side effects of psychotropic drugs. We report a case of 35-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder who was admitted for acute-on-chronic exacerbation of his psychotic disorder for which intramuscular paliperidone 234 mg injection was given. Two days later, the patient developed hyponatremic seizures secondary to SIADH which was treated with hypertonic saline. On the third day, he developed high grade fever and severe muscle rigidity with raised creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and liver enzymes levels. He was treated with dantrolene 100 mg, bromocriptine 2.5 mg, and lorazepam 2 mg. Our patient required management of the three rare conditions following treatment with paliperidone. This case highlights the need for health care providers to be aware of the rare, potentially life threatening but preventable hyponatremia, NMS, and rhabdomyolysis as a possible adverse effect of paliperidone.

Adverse Drug Reactions, Medication Adherence and Physicians’ Prescribing Behavior: Which Relationship? a Database Analysis on Statin use

Pharmacological treatment plays an essential role in controlling chronic conditions such as hypercholesterolemia; however, patients' adherence to long-term therapies for chronic diseases is crucial to achieve optimal health outcomes (1). Further than medication adherence, pharmacological care is affected by the prescribing inappropriateness and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (2). ADRs can lead to a perceived lack of therapy effectiveness and subsequent suboptimal adherence. Conversely, poor adherence to chronic disease medications may potentially lead to adverse drug events (ADEs), suggesting a bidirectional causal link between non-adherence to prescribed drug therapy and ADEs/ADRs occurrence (6). In the last decade, the use of statins showed a positive trend in Italy, consistently with the recent revisions of the statin reimbursement criteria (NOTA 13) by the Italian Medicines Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) (3). Nevertheless, recent real practice analyses documented suboptimal rates of adherence to statin therapy in different Italian outpatient settings (4;5), resulting in poor low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) control, increased risk for cardiovascular events and increasing healthcare costs. For this reason, we explored the association between serum level of the enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK), the number of its measurements and adherence to statin therapy in a large Italian cohort of dyslipidemic patients, with the ultimate aim to evaluate the impact of statin-induced, muscle-related ADRs on patients' therapy adherence, and how this relationship may compromise the efficacy of physicians' prescribing choices and health outcomes in clinical practice. A retrospective cohort study was performed using data from databases of 4 Local Health Units (LHUs) located in Emilia-Romagna, Toscana and Umbria regions, with an overall population of about 1.1 millions of inhabitants. All subjects aged ≥ 18 years with a first prescription for statins in the period between January 1, 2007 and June 30, 2008 were included. All statin prescriptions over a 12 months follow-up period were analyzed to assess treatment adherence. Baseline and follow-up LDLC levels were considered. All CPK measurements in the follow-up period were analyzed. A total of 71855 patients (51% men, average age 68.6 ± 10.6 years) were included. Among them, 31544 (43.9%) were monitored for LDL-C at least one time during the follow-up period: only 37.4% of these patients achieved LDL-C target. 23.6% of patients underwent at least one serum CPK measurement: out of range values were identified in 37.8% of them. However, they were not switched to other statin drug and/or dosage. Depending on the increase of CPK measurements, patients with steadily normal values of CPK showed a better medication-taking behavior compared to patients whose CPK values were out of normal range. Furthermore, a greater percentage of switching to other statin drug and/or dosage was observed in patients with out of range CPK levels compared to those with normal serum CPK levels. Our findings indicate that physiological serum CPK levels were associated with greater adherence to statin therapy, supporting a causal link between non-adherence behavior and muscle-related ADRs occurrence. Since statin benefits are associated with their chronic use, physicians should be aware about the relevance of monitoring their patients for this harmful link to prevent unsuitable therapeutic decisions, further decreasing adherence, and achieve long-term health outcomes.

Clinical and laboratory description of a series of cases of acute viral myositis

ObjectiveDescribe the clinical and laboratory profile, follow‐up, and outcome of a series of cases of acute viral myositis. MethodA retrospective analysis of suspected cases under observation in the emergency department was performed, including outpatient follow‐up with the recording of respiratory infection and musculoskeletal symptoms, measurement of muscle enzymes, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases (AST and ALT), blood count, C‐reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute phase and during follow‐up until normalization. ResultsBetween 2000 and 2009, 42 suspected cases were identified and 35 (27 boys) were included. The median age was 7 years and the diagnosis was reported in 89% in the first emergency visit. The observed respiratory symptoms were cough (31%), rhinorrhea (23%), and fever (63%), with a mean duration of 4.3 days. Musculoskeletal symptoms were localized pain in the calves (80%), limited ambulation (57%), gait abnormality (40%), and muscle weakness in the lower limbs (71%), with a mean duration of 3.6 days. There was significant increase in CPK enzymes (5,507 ± 9,180 U/L), LDH (827 ± 598 U/L), and AST (199 ± 245 U/L), with a tendency to leukopenia, (4,590 ± 1,420) leukocytes/mm3. The complete recovery of laboratory parameters was observed in 30 days (median), and laboratory and clinical recurrence was documented in one case after ten months. ConclusionTypical symptoms with increased muscle enzymes after diagnosis of influenza and self‐limited course of the disease were the clues to the diagnosis. The increase in muscle enzymes indicate transient myotropic activity related to seasonal influenza, which should be considered, regardless of the viral identification, possibly associated with influenza virus or other respiratory viruses.

Clinical and laboratory description of a series of cases of acute viral myositis

ObjectiveDescribe the clinical and laboratory profile, follow-up, and outcome of a series of cases of acute viral myositis. MethodA retrospective analysis of suspected cases under observation in the emergency department was performed, including outpatient follow-up with the recording of respiratory infection and musculoskeletal symptoms, measurement of muscle enzymes, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases (AST and ALT), blood count, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the acute phase and during follow-up until normalization. ResultsBetween 2000 and 2009, 42 suspected cases were identified and 35 (27 boys) were included. The median age was 7 years and the diagnosis was reported in 89% in the first emergency visit. The observed respiratory symptoms were cough (31%), rhinorrhea (23%), and fever (63%), with a mean duration of 4.3 days. Musculoskeletal symptoms were localized pain in the calves (80%), limited ambulation (57%), gait abnormality (40%), and muscle weakness in the lower limbs (71%), with a mean duration of 3.6 days. There was significant increase in CPK enzymes (5507±9180U/L), LDH (827±598U/L), and AST (199±245U/L), with a tendency to leukopenia (4590±1420) leukocytes/mm3. The complete recovery of laboratory parameters was observed in 30 days (median), and laboratory and clinical recurrence was documented in one case after 10 months. ConclusionTypical symptoms with increased muscle enzymes after diagnosis of influenza and self-limited course of the disease were the clues to the diagnosis. The increase in muscle enzymes indicate transient myotropic activity related to seasonal influenza, which should be considered, regardless of the viral identification, possibly associated with influenza virus or other respiratory viruses.

The Effect of Using Tae-bo Trainings on Specific Physical Variables, the Concentration of Inter-Leukin-6, Creatine-Phosphokinase Enzyme in Blood and the Effectiveness of Performance Skill in Kata for Karate Young Female Players

The paper aims to identify the effect of using Tae _ bo exercises of Karate young female players on the levels of some specific physical Variable such as (distinct speed power, agility, speed power, agility, speed bearing and flexibility), The concentration of Inter -leukin - 6 and Creatine – Phosphokinase in blood, skill performance Kata (Heian Sandan, Heian Yondan and Heian Godan .) The researcher uses the experimental methodology because it is appropriate to the type and goals of the study. She uses the experimental methodology because it is appropriate to the type and goals of the study. She uses the experimental design of pre and post measurements for Two groups: experimental and control . The research community is intentionally chosen of Karate young female players at Sharqia Sport Stadium in Zaqaziq, Sharqia Governorate. Their ages range between 13 - 14 years old. They have the green belt as minimum and the brown one as maximum . They are enrolled in Sharqia Karate District for the sport season 2013 - 2014. They are 26 young female players . The researcher uses the following Taols and means : The suggested Tae_bo exercises, timer1/100 second, Central exit set to separate serum. Its speed is 3000 cycle/ minute, special chemical material to find out inter- leukin - 6 and Creatine phosphokinase in blood, Kata skill performance level measurement (under study), physical tests to measure the level of some specific physical variables such as (distinct speed power, agility, speed bearing, flexibility .) The researcher main conclusions are : The suggested Tae_bo exercises have a positive effect on improving some specific physical variables (under study). research conclusions prove that experimental group has higher improvement percentages than the control one. They also lead to the increase of inter-leukin - 6 concentration and the decrease of creatine phosphokinase enzyme in blood of the Karate young female players. furthermore, the use of Tae_bo exercises positively improve physical and physiological variables. They also have positively affected the rising improvement in Kata skill performance level (under study) of the experimental group compared with the control one.

Blood Picture and Enzymatic Activities in Common Crap Cyprinus carpio Influenced by Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Sodium Chloride NaCl on blood picture as hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and lymphocyte count also the activity of both enzymes Alanine Amino Transferase (ALT) and Creatine Phospho Kinase (CPK) in Cyprinus carpio. NaCl was used at different concentration (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 mg\L) for 7 day. The concentration 1.5 mg\L was toxic to the fish and caused death after 48 hour of exposure, while in the fish that were exposure separately to both concentration (0.5 and 1.0 mg\L) for 7 day there were no any significant differences in blood picture and activity of both enzyme ALT and CPK in these groups and control group. So the NaCl may be toxic in high concentration but safety if it was used in low concentration

Amelioration of doxorubicin‑induced cardiotoxicity by resveratrol.

Doxorubicin (DOX), is a highly active anticancer agent, but its clinical use is limited by its severe cardiotoxic side‑effects associated with increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resveratrol (RSVL) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) found primarily in root extracts of the oriental plant Polygonum cuspidatum and of numerous additional plant species. It has recently been shown that RSVL has a number of beneficial effects in different biological systems, which include anti-oxidant, antineoplastic, anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective and antiviral effects. In this study, we examined whether RSVL has protective effects against DOX‑induced free radical production and cardiotoxicity in male rats. The tested dose of DOX (20 mg/kg) caused a significant increase in the serum activities of the cardiac enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart tissue. However, there was a significant decrease in the glutathione level in the heart tissue. Simultaneous treatment of rats with RSVL [10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection] reduced the activity of LDH and CPK and significantly reduced MDA production in the heart. The total antioxidant capacity was increased following RSVL administration. Electron microscopy examination of the heart tissue showed that DOX treatment results in massive fragmentation and lysis of the myofibrils, and that mitochondria show either vacuolization or complete loss of the cristae. Simultaneous treatment with RSVL ameliorated the effect of DOX administration on cardiac tissue, with cardiomyocytes appearing normal compared to the control samples, and mitochondria retaining their normal structure.