Creatine Phosphokinase Concentrations Research Articles

Severe course of leptospirosis: A case report

This study describes a clinical case of severe leptospirosis. Patient K., was admitted to the neurosurgical department on November 26, 2023, with a diagnosis of “Closed craniocerebral injury dated 22.11.2023. Severe brain injury. Linear fracture of the occipital bone. Eyelid hematoma. An abrasion of the upper eyelid on the right.” On November 29, 2023, an objective examination drew attention to an increase in body temperature to 39.5°C, subictericity of the sclera and skin, and conjunctival injections. Hemorrhagic rash appeared on the skin of the trunk and limbs. The hemodynamics was unstable, with episodes of arterial hypotension. Laboratory examination revealed mild anemia, signs of hepatic–renal insufficiency, hyperbilirubinemia, and increased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin. Fluctuations in hepatic–renal insufficiency and levels of creatine phosphokinase and procalcitonin increased. In addition, the differential diagnostic search aimed at identifying the following infectious diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, leptospirosis, malaria, and viral hepatitis. IgM to Leptospira interrogans were detected (December 11, 2023). The patient received antibacterial therapy, extracorporeal detoxification, artificial ventilation, infusion therapy, and correction of the hemostasis system. With the complex treatment, the patient’s condition stabilized, and the patient was discharged from the hospital on the 61st day with restoration of health.

Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy for Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - Insights From a Retrospective Observational Study.

The efficacy of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in the elderly remains unclear. This study evaluated the impact of GDMT (aspirin or a P2Y12inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, β-blocker, and statin) at discharge on long-term mortality in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who had undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods and Results: Of 2,547 consecutive patients with AMI undergoing PCI in 2009-2020, we retrospectively analyzed 573 patients aged ≥80 years. The median follow-up period was 1,140 days. GDMT was prescribed to 192 (33.5%) patients at discharge. Compared with patients without GDMT, those with GDMT were younger and had higher rates of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and left anterior descending artery culprit lesion, higher peak creatine phosphokinase concentration, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). After adjusting for confounders, GDMT was independently associated with a lower cardiovascular death rate (hazard ratio [HR] 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.81), but not with all-cause mortality (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.50-1.18). In the subgroup analysis, the favorable impact of GDMT on cardiovascular death was significant in patients aged 80-89 years, with LVEF <50%, or with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2. GDMT in patients with AMI aged ≥80 years undergoing PCI was associated with a lower cardiovascular death rate but not all-cause mortality.

PSIV-A-11 Potential of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae frass as a functional ingredient for nursery pigs

Abstract Frass is the leftover material from the production of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL), which includes chitin-containing exoskeleton shedding, small, processed larvae, leftover dietary substrate, and larvae excrement. A total of 120 nursery pigs (initial body weight of 6.85 ± 0.10 kg) weaned at 21 d of age were used in a 6-wk study to evaluate the effect of increasing dietary levels of frass on growth performance, diarrhea score, and serological indices. Pigs were randomly assigned within sex and body weight blocks to 1 of 3 dietary treatments using 30 pens (4 pigs/pen; 10 replicates/treatment). Diets were prepared from a common basal and fed in 3 dietary phases of 2 wk each and included: 1) a control diet based primarily on corn and soybean meal; 2) the control with 3% added frass; and 3) the control with 6% added frass. On d 4, 7, and 14, individual fecal samples were obtained using fecal loops and were evaluated on a scale of 1 to 5 representing hard, normal, soft, watery soft, and watery liquid feces, respectively. Blood samples were collected on d 42 from 1 median pig per pen for the analysis of serum chemistry. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures as a randomized complete block design using linear and quadratic contrast comparisons to determine the effects of frass. Supplementation of frass linearly increased average daily gain (ADG) from d 7 to 14 (P = 0.044; 347.9, 378.8, and 396.8 g/d for 0, 3, and 6% frass, respectively), and tended to linearly increase ADG during Phase 1 (P = 0.079; 265.1, 284.8, and 298.6 g/d). No differences were observed for final body weight (P ≥ 0.146; 29.90, 31.48, and 30.70 kg for 0, 3, and 6% frass, respectively), and overall ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI), or gain to feed ratio (G:F). Diarrhea scores increased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) from d 4 (2.96) to d 7 (4.20) and then decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.001) on d 14 (3.69). Inclusion of frass at 6% had a decreased diarrhea score compared with 3% frass on d 7 (P = 0.029), but pigs fed 6% frass had a greater diarrhea score (P = 0.038) than pigs fed the control diet on d 14. However, scores were indicative of diarrhea for all treatments on d 7 and 14. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, urea N, creatinine, glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl, triglycerides, amylase, cholesterol, and creatine phosphokinase measured on d 42 were not different (P &amp;gt; 0.093) between treatments. All serological analytical results were generally within normal expected ranges. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary inclusion of frass may improve growth performance of nursery pigs, especially during the early stages of the nursery period.

Examining the Features of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis: A Case-Control Study

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (ANMDARE) is a neuroimmunological disorder that frequently improves with immunotherapy. Symptomatic treatment with antipsychotics is common in the early stages when psychiatric symptoms predominate, and their use has been associated with serious side effects including neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). The observation of an adverse response to antipsychotics, raising the suspicion of NMS, has been included as a criterion for possible autoimmune psychosis. This case-control study included patients who received antipsychotics before referral to the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, where they were diagnosed as having definite ANMDARE, and patients with ANMDARE who did not receive antipsychotics before referral. The neurologic and systemic features that are used to measure an adverse response to antipsychotics, raising the suspicion of NMS, were measured in both groups, including akinesia, autonomic instability, generalized rigidity, elevated concentrations of creatine phosphokinase, and hyperthermia. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the previous use of antipsychotics and the occurrence of NMS-like reactions. A total sample of 112 patients with definite ANMDARE were included in the study. Fifty patients received antipsychotics before being referred to our institution. In this group, thirty-six patients (72%) were initially classified as having an adverse response, raising the suspicion of NMS, with the following features: akinesia (64%), autonomic instability (58%), generalized rigidity (52%), elevated concentrations of creatine phosphokinase (50%), and hyperthermia (14%). Six patients fulfilled the criteria for NMS (12%). The comparison with patients who did not receive antipsychotics before the clinical assessment did not show a significant difference between groups regarding the frequency of akinesia, autonomic instability, generalized rigidity, elevated concentrations of creatine phosphokinase, or hyperthermia. Among different antipsychotics, only haloperidol was significantly associated with generalized rigidity as compared to patients who did not receive antipsychotics. Our study supports previous observations about the high frequency of autonomic dysfunction, hyperthermia, tachycardia, rigidity, and elevated creatine phosphokinase levels in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis following the administration of antipsychotic medications. Nevertheless, our study does not suggest a causal link between atypical antipsychotics and the onset of these neurological symptoms, as they were equally frequent among the group of patients who did not receive antipsychotic treatment.

Diagnosing and treating esophageal obstruction in camels (Camelus dromedarius).

Esophageal obstruction is a common occurrence and a serious condition in camels. This study aimed to assess the effects of mineral deficiency on esophageal obstruction rates in dromedary camels and describe their clinical presentation and treatment outcomes. Twenty-eight camels were allocated to two groups. Group 1 (control) was composed of 10 sound camels. Group 2 included 18 camels with esophageal obstruction which were based on clinical and imaging evaluations. Hematobiochemical examinations in control and affected camels were compared and statistically analyzed. In camels with esophageal obstruction when compared with controls, hematological analyses showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, along with significantly decreased total white blood counts. Aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine phosphokinase, glucose, albumin, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in affected camels when compared with controls. Furthermore, gamma-glutamyl transferase, globulin, sodium, chloride, cobalt, iron, manganese, and selenium concentrations were significantly reduced. Affected camels were treated by stomach tube or surgery and were completely recovered, except for one camel with an esophageal fistula. A lack of trace elements could have a significant role in esophageal obstruction in dromedaries. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and hematobiochemical evaluations are useful for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of esophageal obstruction in camels.

The effect of vitamin C and Anacardium occidentale in two biochemical parameters of sportsmen in samarra city

This study was designed to investigate effects of the Vitamin C and cashew on biochemical parameters that include concentrations of Uric acid and Creatine phosphokinase, (60) sample of blood have collected and they have divided for 4 groups (2 Control Group C1 ,C2 No treated)&#x0D; Group1( G1) Vitamin C 500 mg/day&#x0D; Group2( G2) Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) 100 g / day&#x0D; The results of this study showed that the physical stress and oxidative stress resulted by acute exercise which caused a significant increase in concentration of serum Uric acid and CPK, while Given the Vitamin C, cashew to period 15 day it is given alone Group.&#x0D; The results a significant decrease in concentration of serum Uric acid and CPK in males for control group, The results showed decrease in Uric acid with Vitamin C (3.50±0.69) for control group (6.64±1.40) and with cashew (4.41±0.94) for control group (6.16±1.34) &#x0D; While results of CPK record decrease in the group treated with Vitamin C (59.9±21.4) comparison with control (83.8±28.5) and with cashew (42.1±12.8) for control group (76.1±22.8)&#x0D; The above results reveals an important of the Vitamin C and Cashew like a strong antioxidant and removing the effects of the free radicals and decreasing the oxidative stress in which the soccer for it during the acute exercise.

Shifting gears: Study of immune system parameters of male habitual marathon runners.

Marathon is a running event in which athletes must cover a distance of 42.195 km. In addition to participating in marathons, marathoners have incorporated extensive running into their lifestyle. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term strenuous exercise in the form of marathon running on the immune system. We collected peripheral blood samples from 37 male marathoners before/after a race and 37 age/sex/body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy sedentary controls. Hematological and biochemical tests revealed race-induced leukocytosis attributable to neutrophilia and significant increases in plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and cortisol concentrations. Phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes revealed race-induced significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes, memory helper T (Th) cells, naive, memory and activated cytotoxic T (Tc) cells, natural killer (NK), NKT, and B1 cells, and a significant increase in the number of activated Th and regulatory Th cells (Tregs). Compared with controls, marathoners maintained significantly lower levels of memory and activated Th cells and higher levels of activated Tc and B1 cells. Measurement of plasma cytokine levels revealed a pro-inflammatory cytokine polarization that increased after the race. Examination of gene expression of cytokines and Th-cell signature transcription factors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-17, and a significant increase in IL-6, IL-10 and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) after the race. Compared with controls, marathoners maintained significantly higher levels of TNF-α. Assessment of the suppressive capacity of Tregs in co-cultures of isolated effector Th cells and Tregs showed significantly increased suppressive capacity of marathoners' Tregs after the race. Compared with controls, marathoners live with permanent changes in certain immune parameters. Marathoners exhibit a stable pro-inflammatory cytokine polarization that increases after the race and is counterbalanced by increased numbers of Tregs overexpressing FoxP3 and having increased suppressive capacity.

Comparison of surgical invasiveness between micro-endoscopic discectomy/microscopic discectomy and conventional hemilaminectomy in dogs.

Micro-endoscopic discectomy (MED) or microscopic discectomy (MD) have been performed for disc herniation in humans. The purpose of this study was to compare the invasiveness of the hemilaminectomy in dogs between the approach using a cylindrical retractor for the MED/MD and a conventional open surgical approaches in dogs. First, as preliminary studies, we analyzed the suitability of the cylindrical retractor for the vertebral body of small to medium-sized dogs on the X-ray computed tomographic images using the three-dimensional analysis software, and confirmed that it was possible to open a bone window of an approximate length of 1.72 clto the spinal canal with the cylindrical retractor with a diameter 17 mm using two medium-sized canine cadavers. Next, to determine difference in the invasiveness of hemilaminectomy, the magnitude of tissue damage, surgical stress and postoperative pain were compared between the conventional open approach (hemilaminectomy group: HL group, n=6) and the surgical approach using the cylindrical retractor (MD group, n=6) in 12 beagle dogs. The plasma creatine phosphokinase, C-reactive protein and cortisol concentrations, incision length and University of Melbourne Pain Scale scores after the hemilaminectomy were significantly lower in the MD group than in the HL group. There were no significant differences between the durations of surgery and the other evaluated indices. The approach using the MD can provide a less invasive hemilaminectomy than the conventional approach in dogs.

Machine Learning for Predicting the Development of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Without Extracorporeal Circulation

Background: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a major complication that increases morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Most established predictive models are limited to the analysis of nonlinear relationships and do not adequately consider intraoperative variables and early postoperative variables. Nonextracorporeal circulation coronary artery bypass grafting (off-pump CABG) remains the procedure of choice for most coronary surgeries, and refined CSA-AKI predictive models for off-pump CABG are notably lacking. Therefore, this study used an artificial intelligence-based machine learning approach to predict CSA-AKI from comprehensive perioperative data. Methods: In total, 293 variables were analysed in the clinical data of patients undergoing off-pump CABG in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University between 2012 and 2021. According to the KDIGO criteria, postoperative AKI was defined by an elevation of at least 50% within 7 days, or 0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours, with respect to the reference serum creatinine level. Five machine learning algorithms—a simple decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, extreme gradient boosting and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT)—were used to construct the CSA-AKI predictive model. The performance of these models was evaluated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values were used to explain the predictive model. Results: The three most influential features in the importance matrix plot were 1-day postoperative serum potassium concentration, 1-day postoperative serum magnesium ion concentration, and 1-day postoperative serum creatine phosphokinase concentration. Conclusion: GBDT exhibited the largest AUC (0.87) and can be used to predict the risk of AKI development after surgery, thus enabling clinicians to optimise treatment strategies and minimise postoperative complications.

Tourniquet Use Improves Intraoperative Parameters, Leading to Similar Postoperative Outcomes Compared With No Tourniquet Use in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

To examine the effect of tourniquet use in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in terms of: (1) intraoperative visualization with operative time and consumption of sterile saline, and (2) intra- and postoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, opioid consumption, swelling, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, clinical outcomes, and graft healing. In this prospective randomized clinical trial, patients were assigned to tourniquet inflation (tourniquet-up) or tourniquet deflation (tourniquet-down) groups. Primary outcomes were intraoperative visualization with operative time and sterile saline consumption. Secondary outcomes were intra- and postoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, opioid consumption, swelling, serum CPK, Hb concentration, subjective and objective functional scores, and graft healing. Intraoperative visualization was satisfactory in 100 of 100 cases in the tourniquet-up group and 64 of 100 cases in the tourniquet-down group (P < .05). The mean operative time was 58.4 ± 5.7 minutes in the tourniquet-up group and 72.5 ± 8.6 minutes in the tourniquet-down group (P < .05). The mean sterile saline consumption was 6.4 ± 2.5 L in the tourniquet-up group and 8.7 ± 4.6 L in the tourniquet-down group (P < .05). The respective amounts of estimated intraoperative and postoperative blood loss were 95.3 ± 25.1 mL and 240.3 ± 44.5 mL in the tourniquet-up group and 230.2 ± 22.3 mL and 75.6 ± 15.3 mL in the tourniquet-down group (P < .05). Our results showed no significant difference in postoperative pain, opioid consumption, percentage of patients using opioids, swelling, mean serum CPK and Hb levels, subjective and objective functional scores, or graft healing (P > .05) between the 2 groups. Tourniquet use during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction significantly improves intraoperative visualization, shortens operative time, and decreases intraoperative sterile saline consumption and blood loss without serious adverse events or greater complication rates based on early postoperative outcomes. Level I, randomized controlled trial.

Effects of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and left ventricular remodeling after reperfusion therapy in patients with first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

PurposeThe activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system prevents the uptake of norepinephrine and promotes structural remodeling of the heart. The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) eplerenone prevents left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction, but its influence on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) has not been determined. MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in our database who underwent 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy 3 weeks after admission. Eighty-four STEMI patients after primary coronary angioplasty were selected, and used propensity score matching to compare patients who treated with MRA (N = 42), and those who did not (N = 42). The LV end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction were determined by echocardiography, and plasma procollagen type III amino terminal peptide (PIIINP) was measured before and 3 weeks after treatment. The delayed total defect score (TDS), delayed heart/mediastinum count (H/M) ratio, and washout rate (WR) were determined using 123I-MIBG scintigraphy after 3 weeks. ResultsFollowing primary angioplasty, age, gender, risk factors, culprit coronary artery, peak serum creatine phosphokinase concentration, and recanalization time were similar in the two groups. However, the MRA group showed significantly lower TDS and WR values (TDS: 22.8 ± 8.1 vs 32.2 ± 11.5, P < 0.005; WR: 31.1 ± 9.0% vs 42.7 ± 9.9%, P < 0.001) and a significantly higher H/M ratio (2.23 ± 0.41 vs 2.03 ± 0.36, P < 0.05) than the non-MRA group. The degree of change in LV parameters, and PIIINP were more favorable in the MRA group than in the non-MRA group. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that both WR and not MRA treatment were significant predictor for LV remodeling, along with PIIINP concentrations. ConclusionAdministration of eplerenone improves CSNA and prevents LV remodeling in patients with a first STEMI.

Oxidative stress, biochemical, and histopathological changes associated with acute lumpy skin disease in cattle.

Background and Aim:Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly infectious endemic viral disease of cattle in Africa and the Middle East. The objectives of this study were to assess histopathological changes in cattle infected with LSD and measure serum malondialdehyde (MDA – oxidant) and total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC – anti-oxidant), trace elements (zinc, copper, and iron), cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine concentrations.Materials and Methods:Blood samples were collected from a total of sixty native and mixed breed cattle; (healthy; n = 25) and (LSD diseased; n = 35). Serum concentrations of MDA and TAC were measured by colorimetric methods. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, Hp, and SAA concentrations were determined using human-specific enzyme-linked immunoassay kits.Results:Serum MDA, cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), Hp, SAA, AST, ALT, CPK, BUN, and creatinine concentrations were significantly higher, while TAC, IL-10, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations were significantly lower in LSD compared to healthy cattle (p < 0.05). Cows and exotic mixed breed cattle were at higher risk of LSD oxidative stress than bulls and local breeds (p < 0.05). Age was not associated with the risk of LSD (p > 0.05). Histologically, there was extensive tissue necrosis, severe vasculitis, mononuclear cell infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies.Conclusion:LSD is associated with pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory states from imbalances that favor pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory factors in the detriment of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory factors, leading to organ dysfunction and ultimately death. Oxidative stress is more frequent in cows and mixed breed cattle than in bulls and local breeds.

Specific features of blood parameters in volleyball players and wrestlers in preparatory period of training cycle

Annotation. Study of modern laboratory markers of structural and functional disturbances of muscle tissue in athletes, reflecting energy metabolism, paravertebral muscle damage, and being an indicator of body performance and muscle activity, is of undeniable practical importance for modern sports medicine. The aim of the study was to determine clinical and biochemical parameters of blood in volleyball players and wrestlers in assessment of structural and functional changes in skeletal muscles. Blood examination was carried out in 26 volleyball players and 25 middleweight Greco-Roman wrestlers as part of repeated comprehensive medical examination being conducted at the Department of Physical Education of Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Eligible subjects included athletes 17 to 21years of age having first adult category to master of sports and being in preparatory period of annual training macrocycle. The athletes were examined in the morning, on empty stomach, not less than 12 hours after training. The control group consisted of 25 practically healthy students having moderate physical activity. Clinical blood indices were determined by conductometric method on an automatic hematology analyzer ABX HORIBA PENTRA 60 C + (France). Hormonal studies were carried out by immunochemiluminescence method on automatic analyzer “ACCESS-2”, Bekchman Coulter (USA). Biochemical studies were performed using an automatic analyzer AU-480, Bekchman Coulter (USA). Electrolyte content was determined by ion-selective electrode technology on Medica electrolyte analyzer in EasyElectrolytes™, using lithium heparin vacuum system. Glucose levels were determined on automatic analyzer Biosen (Germany). Statistical processing was done using the program “Statistica 5.5”. Significance of differences between the variables was determined by Mann-Whitney U-test. The following serum humoral factors were found to be of great significance in assessment of structural and functional changes in skeletal muscles in volleyball players and wrestlers: the number of large immature cells of monocytes and platelets, electrolyte content, concentration of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine level, as well as triglycerides and lactate levels. Establishing blood biomarkers should be an integral part of scientific and practical monitoring of health status in team athletes and wrestlers.

PSV-2 Beneficial Impact of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Oil on Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs

Abstract Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) oil is a sustainably sourced insect-derived lipid that is notably high in lauric acid. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of BSFL oil on nursery pig growth performance, and serological and hematological indices. This study was conducted using newly weaned nursery pigs (n = 143; BW = 6.70±0.09 kg) that were randomly assigned within BW blocks to 22 mixed sex pens (5 to 7 pigs/pen; 10 to 12 replicated per treatment). Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet with 4% poultry fat or a diet with 4% BSFL oil replacing poultry fat. Treatment diets were fed in 3 phases of 14 d each, for a total study period of 42 d. Pigs fed BSFL oil had greater ADG for Phase 1 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), 2 (P &amp;lt; 0.001), 3 (P = 0.036), and overall (P &amp;lt; 0.001; 484 vs. 409 g/d), resulting in a greater BW at the end of the study (P = 0.005). Feed intake was greater for pigs fed BSFL oil during Phase 2 (P = 0.007) and overall (P = 0.022; 710 vs. 626 g/d), and gain:feed was improved only during Phase 1 (P=0.004). Supplemental BSFL oil did not affect (P &amp;gt; 0.06) serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, urea N, creatinine, glucose, Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, triglycerides, amylase, lipase, cholesterol, or creatine phosphokinase, but decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.023) and increased serum Cl concentrations (P = 0.046). White blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and platelet count were not affected (P &amp;gt;0.07) by BSFL oil. Blood analytical results were within normal expected ranges. Results indicate that BSFL oil effectively improved growth performance of nursery pigs without impacting serological and hematological parameters.

Stress, Metabolic and Serum Muscle-Derived Enzymes Response of Horses Employed in Wooded Area and Field Trekking Courses

Horse trekking is a non-competitive sport that, as other kinds of exercise, involves skeletal muscle effort and may implicate significant energy expenditure leading to stress. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of trekking on metabolic and stress response as well as muscle damage markers in clinically healthy horses. Thirty horses were equally divided in 3 groups according to trekking course: Group A (trekking course 15 km long), Group B (trekking course 35 km long starting;), Group C (three trekking courses for three consecutive days; during the first day the trekking course was 25 km long, Group C1; during the second day the trekking course was 40 km long, Group C2; during the third day the trekking course was 25 km long, Group C3). Blood samples were collected from each horse before trekking (TPRE), after 5 min (TPOST) and 1 h from the trekking end to assess lactate, glucose, total proteins, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cortisol concentration. Higher cortisol, lactate, glucose, NEFAs, creatinine, CPK, LDH and AST values were found after trekking than rest (P < .001). Horses of Groups C2 and C3 showed higher values of the investigated haematochemical parameters and muscle enzymes than Groups A and B. The findings suggest that trekking induces a metabolic reaction accompanied by an acute stress response in horses and underline that this recreational exercise, if not associated with the adequate recovery period, can increase the probability of muscle damage.

Новый способ прогнозирования характера изменений стенки желчного пузыря при остром холецистите

The aim of the research. To develop a method for predicting the degree of changes in the gallbladder wall in acute cholecystitis. Material and methods. A single-stage study was performed on 105 patients with an established diagnosis of acute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, comparable in age, gender and concomitant pathology. Upon admission to the hospital, the activity of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamiltranspeptidase (GGTP) and alkaline phosphatase was determined through the kinetic colorimetric method. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using the SPSS Statistics 7.0 program in compliance with the principles of statistical analysis adopted for research in biology and medicine. Results. In patients with acute destructive cholecystitis, mean CPK values were 302.2±32.5 U/l (p &lt;0.05) and LDH - 318.3±29.4 U/l (p &lt;0.05), which is higher than the values obtained in the group with acute non-destructive cholecystitis: CPK – 168.7±18.3 U/l (p &lt;0.05) and LDH – 282.6±18.3 U/l (p &lt;0.05). Along with this, a direct correlation was revealed between an increase in the concentration of CPK, LDH and the degree of destructive process in the gallbladder wall. At the same time, in patients with non-destructive cholecystitis, mean values were 340±116.9 U/l (p &lt;0.05) for GGTP and 160.3±34.2 U/l (p &lt;0.05) for SCHF, which exceeds these values in the group of patients with acute destructive cholecystitis: GGTP was 70.5±18.5 U/l (p &lt;0.05), and SCHF was 93.5±16.5 U/l (p &lt;0.05). With progression of destructive processes in the gallbladder wall, the concentration of GGTP and alkaline phosphatase decreases.

ОЦЕНКА ВЛИЯНИЯ ОЖИРЕНИЯ НА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У СОБАК

Dogs’ obesity in is a common pathology and is associated with genetic factors, feeding, housing conditions, physical inactivity. Many pathogenesis aspects of obesity development of small domestic animals are poorly studied, in particular, the development of dysfunction of the cardiovascular system is an insufficiently explored issue. The aim of this study was to study clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and biochemical parameters of blood serum of obese dogs. The objects of the study were Dachshund dogs with obesity (n = 12) and clinically healthy animals (n = 16). All animals went through a complex clinical examination, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and laboratory studies. Parametric and nonparametric methods of statistical analysis were used in the study. It was found that dogs’ obesity is characterized by a significant increase of the respiratory rate at rest and during sleep, pulse rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure. It was shown that in case of dogs’ obesity, there is a slight increase of the end-diastolic size and thickness of the free wall of the left ventricle, a shortening of the PQ interval, and voltage decrease of P, R, T deflections on electrocardiograms. There were no violations of contractility and systolic function of the left ventricular myocardium of obese dogs. It was found that the activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartic aminotransferases, the concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, malondialdehyde and ceruloplasmin significantly increased in blood serum of obese dogs. Dogs’ obesity does not form dogs’ syndrome of cytolysis of cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by unchanged serum activity of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and cardiac troponin concentration.

Differential Effects of Green Tea Powders on the Protection of Brown Tsaiya and Kaiya Ducklings against Trichothecene T-2 Toxin Toxicity.

Simple SummaryThe objective of this study is to examine the effects of T-2 toxin (T-2) and green tea powders (GTP) on growth performance, hematology, and pathology parameters in Brown Tsaiya ducklings (BTDs) and Kaiya ducklings (KDs). T-2 toxin shows a strong and differential toxicity in growth suppression, as well as abnormalities in the hematological and pathological parameters of BTDs and KDs. We found that GTP could potentially prevent T-2-induced poor growth performance and improve some hematological parameters. Moreover, BTDs were more sensitive than KDs in terms of responses to T-2 toxicity and GTP detoxification.A 3-week feeding trial in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted with three concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5 mg/kg) of T-2 toxin (T-2) and two levels (0% and 0.5%) of green tea powder (GTP) supplements used in the diets of female brown Tsaiya ducklings (BTDs) and Kaiya ducklings (KDs), respectively. Breed had a significant effect on the growth performances and the relative weights of organs and carcass. In general, the growth performances of KDs were better than BTDs. The relative weights of organs and carcass of BTDs were typically heavier than those of KDs; however, the breast of KDs was heavier than those of BTDs. Both ducklings received 5 mg/kg of T-2 blended in the diet showed lower feed intake and body weight gain (BWG) in the second and the third week. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 and 0.5% GTP improved the BWG compared to those fed the diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP in BTDs. Ducklings fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as decreased concentrations of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase. The concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were increased in KDs and BTDs fed the diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 without GTP, respectively. However, duckling diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 with 0.5% GTP lowered concentrations of BUN and GOT in the blood plasma of KDs and BTDs, respectively. The diet containing 5 mg/kg of T-2 increased the relative kidney weight but decreased the relative breast weight of ducklings. Enlarged gizzards and reduced relative leg weights were observed in BTDs fed the diets containing 5 mg/kg of T-2. In summary, BTDs are more sensitive than KDs in responding to T-2 toxicity and GTP detoxification. Green tea powder has detoxification ability and could potentially mitigate T-2 toxicity on BWG, BUN, and GOT in ducklings.

Assessment of therapeutic effects of statin on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity after reperfusion therapy in patients with first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

BackgroundStatin treatment reduces enhanced cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) in patients with heart disease, and reduces adverse cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease. MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the first ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 120 mg/dL in our database who underwent 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy 3 weeks after admission. Sixty STEMI patients after primary coronary angioplasty were selected, and used propensity score matching to compare patients treated with strong statin (n = 30), and those who did not (n = 30). Moreover, echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) parameters were determined, and plasma procollagen type III amino terminal peptide (PIIINP) was also measured before and 3 weeks after treatment. ResultsFollowing primary angioplasty, age, gender, risk factors, culprit coronary artery, peak serum creatine phosphokinase concentration, and recanalization time were similar in the two groups. However, the statin group showed significantly lower delayed total defect score and washout rate evaluated by 123I-MIBG scintigraphy (22.4 ± 8.1 vs. 29.6 ± 10.5; P < 0.01, and 30.4 ± 8.9% vs. 40.1 ± 11.4%; P < 0.005, respectively) and higher delayed heart/mediastinum count ratio (2.17 ± 0.38 vs. 1.96 ± 0.30, P < 0.05) compared with the non-statin group. Moreover, the degree of change in LV parameters and PIIINP was more favorable in the statin group than in the non-statin group. ConclusionsAdministration of statin improves CSNA after reperfusion therapy in patients with first STEMI.

The Physical Activity-Dependent Hematological and Biochemical Changes in School Horses in Comparison to Blood Profiles in Endurance and Race Horses.

Simple SummaryLeisure horse riding is a leading branch of the equine industry worldwide, thus, horses are used for pleasure and in riding schools represent a much larger group than sports horses. Nevertheless, still little is known about the physiological demands and the nature of the exercise metabolism in school horses. The exercise capacity in sport horses is routinely monitored using blood tests including hemogram parameters and selected biochemical indicators. This study aimed to measure the physical activity-dependent blood indicators during the leisure type of work in riding schools in order to compare them with endurance and race horses’ effort-dependent profiles. The similarities between school and race horses in a high level of erythrogram parameters after effort as well as between school and endurance horses in a high level of white blood cell count and high activity of creatine phosphokinase after effort were demonstrated. However, the fluctuations in physical activity-dependent blood indicators were lower in school than in professional equine athletes. The exception was the lactic acid profile, which achieved higher values than in endurance horses and lower than in race horses. Limiting the school horses monitoring to only the endurance or racing blood profile may result in the omission of significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.Blood testing is one of the most important ways to improve performance, facilitate recovery and monitor the training of endurance and race horses. However, little is known about the physical activity-dependent changes of blood parameters in horses used for pleasure and in riding schools. This study aimed to perform routine blood tests for training monitoring of sport horses in three different horse types of use. Then the values of blood indicators were compared between school, endurance and race horses to find similarities in the physical activity-dependent profile. The study was carried out on 15 endurance, 15 race and 15 school healthy horses who underwent the typical effort for their disciplines. The hemogram parameters, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood lactate (LAC), and total serum protein (TSP) concentrations were measured using the same protocol and equipment. Measurements of main hematological and biochemical physical activity-dependent parameters were conducted before, immediately after and 30 min after training. In school horses, the physical activity-dependent increase of WBC (40.9%) and CPK (76.4%) was similar to endurance horses, whereas an increase of RBC (19.1%), HGB (18.6%) and HCT (19.4%) were more similar to race horses. The moderate effort-dependent increase of LAC concentration (2775%) was lower than in race horses (7526%) and higher than in endurance horses (390%). Limiting the training or work monitoring assessment of school horses to only the endurance or racing blood profile may result in the omission of significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.