Crease Lines Research Articles

顧客満足とサービス品質を考慮したサービス生産に関する実験的検討

This paper analyzes customer satisfaction and service quality through subjective experiments using a proposed service production game. In the game, players are provided information of demand forecasting with different accuracy and make paper triangular pyramids considering production efficiency and service quality. Making a paper triangular pyramid is simulated to produce and deliver dishes in a labor intensive production system in restaurant services. The players are required to make a production plan and manage delivery lead time and quality of products to satisfy both customer satisfaction and production efficiency. Produced products are evaluated quality by evaluation index such as laminating quality, cutoff line, crease line and edge etc. The experiments conduct a questionnaire of subjective assessment about service quality and employee satisfaction. In the questionnaire, the players answer their degree of service quality and productivity of subjective view. The employee satisfaction is analyzed considering the employee’s conscious of advance planning and setup with adaptation of variation of demand by using correlation analysis.

Fluidic origami: a plant-inspired adaptive structure with shape morphing and stiffness tuning

Inspired by the physics behind the rapid plant movements and the rich topologies in origami folding, this research creates a unique class of multi-functional adaptive structure through exploring the innovation of fluidic origami. The idea is to connect multiple Miura folded sheets along their crease lines into a space-filling structure, and fill the tubular cells in-between with working fluids. The pressure and fluid flow in these cells can be strategically controlled much like in plants for nastic movements. The relationship between the internal fluid volume and the overall structure deformation is primarily determined by the kinematics of folding. This relationship can be exploited so that fluidic origami can achieve actuation/morphing by actively changing the internal fluid volume, and stiffness tuning by constraining the fluid volume. In order to characterize the working principles and performance potentials of these two adaptive functions, this research develops an equivalent truss frame model on a fluidic origami unit cell to analyze its fundamental elastic characteristics. Eigen-stiffness analysis based on this model reveals the primary modes of deformation and their relationships with initial folding configurations. Performances of the adaptive functions are correlated to the crease pattern design. In parallel to analytical studies, the feasibility of the morphing and stiffness tuning is also examined experimentally via a 3D printed multi-material prototype demonstrator. The research reported in this paper could lead to the synthesis of adaptive fluidic origami cellular metastructures or metamaterial systems for various engineering applications.

Rigidly foldable origami gadgets and tessellations.

Rigidly foldable origami allows for motion where all deflection occurs at the crease lines and facilitates the application of origami in materials other than paper. In this paper, we use a recently discovered method for determining rigid foldability to identify existing flat-foldable rigidly foldable tessellations, which are also categorized. We introduce rigidly foldable origami gadgets which may be used to modify existing tessellations or to create new tessellations. Several modified and new rigidly foldable tessellations are presented.

Pearls and pitfalls for comminuted distal radius fractures

Fractures of the distal end of radius have been estimated to account for nearly 20% of all fractures seen in a routine emergency room. Despite this, until very recently, the distal radius fracture was not treated as aggressively as other less common peri-articular fractures. Perhaps Abraham Colles’ perception that this fracture had good outcomes, no matter what was done had permeated our thinking. The reality is that frequent poor outcomes in wrist injury fuelled a gradual, albeit delayed, pursuit of a better treatment option. Distal radius fractures are usually sustained by elderly osteoporotic patients after a fall or by younger patients as a result of high energy trauma. Both of these fractures deserve stable internal fixation, the former due to osteoporotic bone that demands sound fixation principles and the latter requires the ability to reduce intra-articular comminuted fragments in a stable manner that maintains the reduction and permits early mobilization. Until the advent of volar fixed angle plating, no technique could satisfy these requirements in a consistent manner. Since the first description of Colles fracture in 1814, the treatment options for distal radius fractures have varied from relative neglect to active management by open reduction and internal fixation with combined approaches. In the past decade, distal radial fixation has benefited from the limelight as different groups of investigators have been developing new implants and techniques to improve the outcome of the fractures. Nevertheless, unstable fractures of the distal radius still remain challenging problems for orthopedic surgeons with hand surgeons taking the lead to alter the basic premise of how these should be managed. The consensus prevails that the majority of displaced distal radial fractures are articular injuries resulting in the disruption of both the radiocarpal and the distal radioulnar joint, hence, demanding more precise reduction. The importance of achieving and maintaining both an anatomic reduction of the articular surface and the extraarticular alignment of the distal radius has been documented by several clinical and biomechanical studies. Furthermore, the principle of treatment for distal radial fracture is the same for any other articular fracture i.e. articular reconstruction, stable fixation and early motion. However, in articular fractures, particularly with comminution, certain technical pearls are very helpful for restoring the anatomy and congruity: 1. An experienced assistant is invaluable in maintaining longitudinal traction and provisional reduction while the plate is initially placed. 2. The surgical approach must allow for tension free visualization of the volar margin and watershed line of the distal radius. My particular preference is to make a Bruner type extension of the volar incision as the crease lines are crossed. 3. The first compartment should be released and brachioradialis elevated subperiostially to allow for regaining the length of the radial column. 4. Die-punch fragments or severe comminution can be approached intrafocally by pronating the shaft out of the wound via the extended FCR approach. 5. Subchondral K-wires may assist in maintaining the reduction while a single subchondral distal locking screw is placed in order to gauge the reduction and plate placement during initial fluoroscopic evaluation. 6. If reduction suffices, the remainder of the screws are placed and one can then check stability under life fluoroscopy. 7. In either high energy injuries or younger patients with high demand activities, I generally recommend arthroscopic evaluation of the reduction and assessment for any critical articular soft tissue injuries that can then be addressed at that time. Adhering to these critical pearls may help in avoiding the pitfalls of treating comminuted distal radius fractures , maintaining the same attention to detail as any weight-bearing joint sustaining a severe articular injury.

Ocular Swelling after Forehead Fat Graft

Background Facial fat grafting is a common cosmetic surgery for facial contouring. Although it is considered a very safe procedure, there are several reports about complications after fat grafting. Eye complications are very rare, but do exist. The author has treated cases of eyelid swelling after forehead fat grafting with conservative or surgical treatment. Methods From February 2010 to April 2014, the author treated five women (mean age, 35 years; range 28-52), who developed eyelid swelling (both, n=3; unilateral, n=2) approximately 2 weeks after forehead fat grafting. Symptoms included pain, foreign body sensation, recurrent swelling and redness, unilateral or bilateral ptosis, and palpable lumps. Three were acute cases treated within 1 month, and the other two were chronic cases, which occurred 4 and 28 months after the fat graft. Results Conservative treatment (Lasix, antibiotics, steroids) was used for two patients. The other three patients were treated with direct fat extraction or lump excision through the double eyelid crease line. Histological examination identified the excised specimens as lipocysts or liopogranulomas. All patients fully recovered, despite transient ptosis for several days immediately after the operation. Conclusions Eyelid swelling after forehead fat graft can be successfully treated with either conservative or surgical treatment. Although few studies have reported eyelid swelling after fat grafting, this complication may become more common, in the future, as facial fat grafting becomes more popular. This treatment modality should be helpful to the plastic surgeons faced with these unpleasant complications. Keywords: Fat necrosis, Fat tissue, Forehead, Foreign body granuloma, Postoperative complications, Transplantation

Determination of an ideal stimulation site of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve using ultrasound and investigation of the efficiency.

ObjectiveTo determine an ideal stimulation site of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (MACN) using ultrasound measurement and to compare the efficiency of the new stimulation site with the conventional stimulation site on the nerve conduction study.MethodsBoth arms of 15 healthy participants were measured using ultrasound. The MACN was identified in the transverse view at each 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm proximal sites from the medial epicondyle, and the distances to the median nerve and to the skin from the MACN were measured. The ideal stimulation site should be located at the level which can give the shortest distance from the skin and the longest distance from the median nerve in terms of volume conduction. To confirm the efficiency of the ideal site, we measured the amplitude of the MACN conduction study at the ideal site against one at the 4 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle (conventional site).ResultsThe ultrasound showed the ideal stimulation site for the MACN could be the elbow crease line. However, the nerve conduction study revealed that the amplitudes of the MACN were significantly larger at the 4 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle compared with ones at the ideal site.ConclusionThe ideal stimulation site based on the ultrasound did not permit better stimulation site for the nerve conduction study of the MACN compared with the conventional site. Careful adjustment of the stimulation site on the basis of this study would contribute to an accurate conduction study of the MACN.

Folding behaviour of Tachi–Miura polyhedron bellows

In this paper, we examine the folding behaviour of Tachi-Miura polyhedron (TMP) bellows made of paper, which is known as a rigid-foldable structure, and construct a theoretical model to predict the mechanical energy associated with the compression of TMP bellows, which is compared with the experimentally measured energy, resulting in the gap between the mechanical work by the compression force and the bending energy distributed along all the crease lines. The extended Hamilton's principle is applied to explain the gap which is considered to be energy dissipation in the mechanical behaviour of TMP bellows.

Origami Design by Topology Optimization

An origami design method based on topology optimization is introduced. The design of a folding pattern is cast as a problem of assigning presence and type of fold to lines in a “ground structure,” using folding angles as design variables. A ground structure for origami design has lines drawn on a two dimensional domain, showing all line segments that may appear as crease lines in the folded geometry. For a given ground structure and folding angles, the 3D geometry of the folded sheet can be computed using the mathematics of origami. A topology optimization method is then used to find an optimal combination of folding angles, which results in a folding pattern with desired, target geometric properties.

Folding patterns of planar gossamer space structures consisting of membranes and booms

The combination of large membranes and light-weight deployable booms, often called a gossamer structure, has enabled innovative space missions, such as solar sailing, to become possible. Though many designs have been proposed and demonstrated, two problems remain regarding the folding patterns of the membranes. The first problem involves considering the thickness of a membrane to enable uniform and compact folding. The other involves membrane-folding patterns that allow for connecting the membrane to the booms at multiple points and deploying them together while minimizing the use of complex mechanisms. This study proposes three methods that consider the thickness, and two of them can keep the crease lines straight, in contrast to the conventional non-straight crease line solutions. In addition, this study derives one effective design to integrate a membrane with diagonal booms through the systematic classification of existing membrane folding patterns.

Mechanical analysis of eyelid morphology

From a mechanical instability perspective a double eyelid is a double-folded thin film structure on a curved substrate, caused by compression as the film “slides” on the substrate. The underlying mechanics issues, in particular the requirements for forming a double folded structure, are studied using a modeling/simulation framework. A minimalist model is employed to explore the wrinkle to fold transition. Refined and enriched models are further developed based on anatomical structures, which demonstrate three critical factors for the formation of double layer folding of the eyelid. First, a crease line in the eyelid is essential where the local bending rigidity is relatively weak. Second, the skin above the crease line should be thin and wide enough. Third, the skin below the crease line should have a relatively large effective stiffness so it can be lifted as a whole when the eyes open. When the eye is opened beyond about 40% of its initial wrinkle wavelength, the double-folded structure emerges. Various types of eyelid morphologies are discussed based on the mechanistic model. The study provides useful insights for surgery, cosmetics, and morphogenesis, as well as microfabrication.

Study of Palmar Dermatoglyphics in Mentally Retarded Children

Astract: A state of mental retardation may be produced by various endogenous and exogenous influences acting independently or in concert with each other. Recently dermatoglypic patterns have been utilized as a diagnostic tool in various disorders like mental retardation. The study comprising of 400 subjects (200 mentally retarded, 200 controls) was carried out in the Department of Anatomy Government Medical College, Nagpur. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the dermatoglyphic features in the mentally retarded children. The features which showed significant variations in mentally retarded children included: low total finger ridge count (TFRC), higher ATD angle, and distal displacement of axial Triradius, an increased frequency of Simian crease and Sydney line. KeywordsDermatoglyphics, Loops, Mentally Retardation, Simian Crease, Whorls,

Numerical optimization approach to modelling delamination and buckling of geometrically constrained structures

Understanding what happens in terms of delamination during buckling of laminate materials is of importance across a range of engineering sectors. Normally concern is that the strength of the material is not significantly impaired. Carton-board is a material with a laminate structure and, in the initial creation of carton nets, the board is creased in order to weaken the structure. This means that when the carton is eventually folded into its three-dimensional form, correct folding occurs along the weakened crease lines. Understanding what happens during creasing and folding is made difficult by the nonlinear nature of the material properties. This paper considers a simplified approach which extends the idea of minimizing internal energy so that the effects of delamination can be handled. This allows a simulation which reproduces the form of buckling-delamination observed in practice and the form of the torque-rotation relation.

기성복 남자 바지 패턴 그레이딩에 관한 연구 -35-55세를 중심으로-

This study was intended to analyze conventional grading increments and methods for middle-age men's pants, and to suggest new grading guidelines that will enable to improve satisfaction with size and silhouette as a result of combining the concept of grading, which help maintain the ratio and proportion by sizes as one of ready-made apparel's advantages, with body form oriented and aesthetic approaches. In the apparel industry, the current sizing specifications and methods adopted by relevant companies, as well as the characteristics of body forms of men aged 35 to 55 years were comparatively analyzed to find out problems and ultimately to suggest their solutions or improvements. It was considered that as the conventional grading practices used in the industry were customary on the basis of the past experiences, it was required to take the body forms of target consumers into account and also, to reconsider the conventional grading methods. Analyses of sizing and specifications by brands show that 4 to 19 sizes including 82 or 84 as standard size have been produced. Since men's apparel has a large number of sizes with the large range of sizes, grading is critically important. As silhouettes depend on the distribution of grading rule values at each point of increment pattern in the main regions during grading, it is necessary to consider both size grading and form variations. To maintain an appropriate silhouette with keeping the angle of center back line of a pattern, it is desirable to set the ratio of side line part to center part from the crease line to approximately 3:7. It is required to diversify the values of grading rules according to different sizes and pattern regions in consideration for the body forms of key consumers. In addition, if the natural lines of designs and patterns for the width increments of waist circumference and hip circumference, the increments of hip width in pant's front and back panels, the ratio of grading rule values of the right and left sides of crease line, knee circumference, thigh circumference and so on are taken into account, grading will be satisfactory in the all aspects of size, silhouette and ratio.

Visual Subunits of the Hand: Proposed Guidelines for Revision Surgery after Flap Reconstruction of the Traumatized Hand

The posttraumatic hand deformity remains a difficult challenge for reconstructive surgeons. Much has been written about the relative benefits of fasciocutaneous, fascial, and muscle flap reconstruction; however, the literature is devoid of guidelines for secondary surgery after flap reconstruction to improve the appearance of the hand. We introduce the concept of visual subunits of the hand in an effort to better guide restoration of natural hand form; thenar, hypothenar, midpalm, distal palm, dorsal hand, volar forearm, and dorsal forearm subunits are proposed. The visual subunit principle has been implemented in reconstruction of posttraumatic hand deformities. Management initially focused on reestablishment of hand function and provision of soft tissue coverage via local and free tissue transfer. Secondary procedures involved partial flap elevation, targeted debulking, and redefining topographic regions where possible. By designing asymmetric skin excision patterns, the resultant length and width discrepancies can be used to purposefully enhance topographic features while re-creating the appearance of natural crease lines bordering adjacent subterritories. No complications related to partial or complete flap loss were encountered.

A constitutive model for the mechanical response of the folding of creased paperboard

Paperboard is a widely used material in industrial processes, in particular for packaging purposes. Packages are obtained through a forming process, in which a flat laminated sheet is converted into the final 3-D solid. In the package forming process, it is common practice to score the paperboard laminate with crease lines, in order to obtain folds with sharp edges and to minimize the initiation and propagation of flaws during the subsequent folding procedures. In this work, a constitutive model for the mechanical response of crease lines is proposed and validated on the basis of experimental tests available in the literature. The model has been implemented in an interface finite element to be placed between adjacent shell elements and is intended for large-scale computations of package forming processes. For this reason, the material model has been developed at the macroscopic scale in terms of generalized variables, aiming at computational effectiveness.

Learning Line Features in 3D Geometry

AbstractFeature detection in geometric datasets is a fundamental tool for solving shape matching problems such as partial symmetry detection. Traditional techniques usually employ a priori models such as crease lines that are unspecific to the actual application. Our paper examines the idea of learning geometric features. We introduce a formal model for a class of linear feature constellations based on a Markov chain model and propose a novel, efficient algorithm for detecting a large number of features simultaneously. After a short user‐guided training stage, in which one or a few example lines are sketched directly onto the input data, our algorithm automatically finds all pieces of geometry similar to the marked areas. In particular, the algorithm is able recognize larger classes of semantically similar but geometrically varying features, which is very difficult using unsupervised techniques. In a number of experiments, we apply our technique to point cloud data from 3D scanners. The algorithm is able to detect features with very low rates of false positives and negatives and to recognize broader classes of similar geometry (such as “windows” in a building scan) even from few training examples, thereby significantly improving over previous unsupervised techniques.

Abstracts Presented at the Summer Meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, Laboratory of Human Anatomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom from 21st to 22nd of July, 2010†

Volar plating of distal radius fractures has recently gained favour due to complications associated with external fixation and dorsal plating techniques. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the incision made in volar fixation on the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCBMN). A standard Henry's approach was applied to 10 pairs of human cadaver hands. Further dissection was undertaken to provide morphometric data. The PCBMN was not damaged by the incision in any of the specimens and was absent in two specimens. Mean distances from the origin of the PCBMN to the distal wrist crease (DWC), scaphoid tubercle (ST) and bistyloid line (BSL) were 55.15, 76.04, and 52.38 mm, respectively. From the flexor carpi radialis tendon, ST and radial styloid process the mean distances to the PCBMN were 4.46, 22.82, and 29.07 mm, respectively. The nerve entered the flexor retinaculum at a mean of 10.88, 22.73, and 10.69 mm from the BSL, ST and DWC, respectively. Measurement reliability ranged from ICC 0.98 to 1.00 (intra-observer) and 0.96 to 1.00 (inter-observer). These findings suggest that damage to the PCBMN from this technique is unlikely but knowledge of variants can help minimize the risk of injury.

Studies on the Crease Line of the Trousers (Part 1)

Studies on the Crease Line of the Trousers (Part 1)

Modelling rigid origami with quaternions and dual quaternions

This paper examines the mathematical modelling of rigid origami, a type of origami where all the panels are rigid and can only rotate about crease lines. The rotating vector model is proposed, which establishes the loop-closure conditions among a group of characteristic vectors. By building up an explicit relationship between the single-vertex origami and the spherical linkage mechanism, the rotating vector model can conveniently and directly describe arbitrary three-dimensional configurations and can detect some self-intersection. Quaternion and dual quaternion are then employed to represent the origami model, based on which two numerical methods have been developed. Through examples, it has been shown that the first method can effectively track the entire rigid-folding procedure of an initially flat or a non-flat pattern with a single vertex or multiple vertices, and thereby provide judgment for its rigid foldability and flat foldability. Furthermore, its ability to rule out some self-intersecting configurations during folding is illustrated in detail, leading to its ability of checking rigid foldability in a more or less sufficient way. The second method is especially for analysing the multi-vertex origami. It can also effectively track the trajectories of multiple vertices during folding.

Lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve: A case report and review of the literature

A case of lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve in an adult is described in this article. A 33-year-old male presented with tingling, numbness and swelling in the palm of the left non dominant hand that had been present for a few months. Examination revealed that there was fullness in the volar aspect of the wrist and in the inter-thenar area. Another mass was present at the base of the index finger, which appeared to be involving subcutaneous tissues. The clinical diagnosis was carpal tunnel syndrome due to a space occupying tumor mass in the carpal tunnel. On exploration of the carpal tunnel, a large median nerve was seen 4 cm proximal to the wrist crease line and extending distally until it divided into its branches. Another mass was present at the base of the index finger, which was adherent to the skin. The radial digital nerve of the index finger was normal in size. For the enlarged nerve, an epineurotomy was performed and a biopsy was taken. Another biopsy was taken from the distal mass. His postoperative period was uneventful. In July 2004, at the end of 5 years, the patient had no symptoms and the size of the tumor had not increased.