Craft Villages Research Articles

Factors Affecting the Development of Banh Phong Craft Village: A Case of Cai Be District In Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

Factors Affecting the Development of Banh Phong Craft Village: A Case of Cai Be District In Tien Giang Province, Vietnam

Efforts to control air pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.

Efforts to control air pollution in the Asia-Pacific region.

Environmental pollution in Vietnam’s craft villages

The environment and environmental protection in Vietnam in general and in craft villages in particular are an issue that get concerned by the Party, the Government and the entire population in society. The development of craft villages has contributed significantly to socio-economic development, helping to raise incomes and improve the lives of local people. However, the environmental pollution in craft villages is at an alarming rate. According to the verification report of the National Assembly’s Committee on Science, Technology and Environment, only 26.7% of craft villages currently collect industrial wastewater and 20.9% of craft villages collect industrial solid waste. This is a big problem in dealing with environmental pollution in rural areas, especially in traditional craft villages. In this article, the author focuses on issues such as: Actual situation of environmental pollution in craft villages; causes of pollution and proposals of measures to reduce pollution and help sustainable development of craft villages.

Regional material flow behaviors of agro‐food processing craft villages in Red River Delta, Vietnam

The economic reform “Đổi Mới” in 1986 has rapidly increased the number of craft villages in Vietnam, especially in the Red River Delta (RRD) leading to environmental degradation. This article presents an assessment of environmental and resource issues of agro‐Food Processing Craft Villages (FPCVs) in RRD using a refined approach to material flow analysis focusing on consistent quantification of uncertainty with particular attention to secondary and empirical data that are often faced in material flow analyses in transition economies. Material flows of agro‐Food Processing including eight types of production were examined and linked to activities of private Households, Rice Cultivation, and Pig Farming in a model called Red River Delta. Materials investigated were Goods (i.e., total materials), organic carbon (org.C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). The findings reveal material cycles are almost entirely open, that is, the materials used in FPCVs do not recycle within the region. From ∼10.5 million tons/year of imported Goods used for agro‐Food Processing, final products and utilized materials account for minor fractions (∼5%, by weight). Conversely, the majority (88%) is directly discharged. Materials accumulated as stocks represent 1% of Goods (100,000 tons/year), 21% of org.C (∼34,000 tons/year), 42% of N (∼1,300 tons/year), and 57% of P (∼300 tons/year), whose substance concentrations vastly exceed natural resilience capacities. Although agro‐Food Processing accounts for negligible material shares in Red River Delta, FPCVs pollution is severe at local levels due to the location of home‐based production. Several options for closing material loops at various system scales are recommended for environmental and resource management of FPCVs. The material flow analysis results provide a database that may be used as a decision support tool for production establishments in craft villages and relevant authorities in setting priorities on environmental planning and resource management. This article met the requirements for a gold – silver JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

Developing Craft Village Tourism in the Context of International Economic: A Case Study of Vine Phuc Province, Vietnam

In the trend of openness and international economic integration, traditional craft villages are gradually regaining their positions in the economic, cultural and social life of each country and nation. These villages are like colorful images contributing to recreate the unique, lively, separate and irreplaceable features of the country and people in each area and region. Currently, developing craft village tourism is the subject of various studies, and is the target of many provinces in Vietnam. This paper focuses on analyzing the current status of craft village tourism in Vinh Phuc - a province located in the North of Vietnam, showing the results, limitations as well as proposing a range of recommendations to develop craft village tourism in Vinh Phuc in the context of world economic integration.

The impact of urbanization on the architecture space of Kim Chi Flowers-Ornementals craft village in Nghi An Commune, Vinh City

In Vietnam, the process of industrialization and modernization has strongly impacted many aspects of the architecture of Vietnamese craft villages in general and the craft villages in Nghe An Province in particular. The paper presents research on the changes in the architectural space of craft villages in Nghe An under the impact of industrialization and modernization. The architectural changes of Kim Chi Flowers-Ornamentals Craft Village are the case of study. The study results reveal that the architectural space of craft villages under the impact of industrialization and modernization has changed in three trends including the disposition of villages along the main road, division of land lots and expansion of villages. In addition, the article makes some suggestions on the architecture of craft villages conformable to urbanization trends.

An integrated eco-system for pollution prevention and greening the production chain of small-scale rice-paper production – A case study from Vietnam

In this study, we developed and demonstrated an integrated closed eco-system for pollution reduction and prevention in rice-paper producing and livestock farms in a small-scale craft village which is located in a dry region of Vietnam with a lack of available surface water sources. The system is developed on the basis of material and energy exchange potentials between the wastewater and exhaust gas flows, and the use of available firewood ash as material for absorption. Two operation modes were presented aiming at a complete treatment of wastewater and exhaust gases as required by the Vietnamese national standards, and the recovery of valuable components in the system (N, P) for obtaining value-added products (such as fertilizer, irrigation water, etc.). In addition, the maximization of potentials on existing natural conditions at the local family, the avoidance of chemicals used in the system etc. have also helped to lower the investment and operation costs of the treatment facilities. The application of this system also contributes to the “greening” of the rice production chain in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam and is an example for a local closed cycle economy. Several public activities have also been conducted at the demonstration site (at the local family) with the purpose of maintaining and multiplying the system's effectiveness among the local public community.

ASSESSING THE STATUS OF BUILDING COLLECTIVE MARKS FOR CRAFT VILLAGE PRODUCTS IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

Abstract: Thua Thien Hue is a locality with many potentials to develop craft village products. In the context of deep integration, the use of intellectual property tools, namely collective mark, is one of the prerequisites for craft villages to show their strength and value of brands and better export products to international markets. This study clarifies the status of building collective marks for craft village products in Thua Thien Hue province. The research analyzes the secondary data, uses the descriptive statistics of primary data obtained from in-depth interviews with 5 experts and surveys 28 collective mark owners in the locality. The results reflect the status of collective marks for craft products in Thua Thien Hue province through two aspects: (i) the status of collective mark registration and (ii) support activities for building and managing collective marks for craft village products of management agencies in Thua Thien Hue province. Thereby, the study points out outstanding issues and proposes solutions to building and developing collective marks for craft village products in Thua Thien Hue.Keywords: collective mark, craft village product, Thua Thien Hue

Water quality in Thanh Luong rice vermicelli and fresh noodle craft village, Thanh Oai district, Hanoi, Vietnam

Traditional production in craft villages has released large amounts of wastes into the environment, which may pose negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. This study was conducted to assess the current state of the water quality in the Thanh Luong rice vermicelli and fresh noodle craft village. Water samples at 12 sites were collected for determination of BOD5 and COD values. Social survey was also performed at 19 production and 30 non-production households. The results showed that BOD5 and COD values in water samples varied from 29 to 2620 mg/l and from 91 to 3600 mg/l, respectively. 100% of wastewater samples with BOD5 and COD values exceeded the regulation limits (QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT). The highest BOD5 and COD values in wastewater were 37 and 18 times higher than the limits regulated by QCVN 40: 2011/BTNMT, respectively; those in surface water were 23 and 25 times higher than the values set by QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT and 1/2 of the groundwater samples with COD exceeded the QcVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT. The results of social survey demonstrated the medium effectiveness of the local environmental management (43% of household questionnaires) and low to medium awareness of local community for environmental protection. Solutions for environmental protection in Thanh Luong village have also been discussed in this study.

Synthesis and study of the efficacies of Tetraaza macrocyclic ligand for the adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater

Condensation of Ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate and ethylenediamine yield 88.7% of Dimethyl-7,14-Diphenyl-1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,7,11,14-Tetraene with a condense chemical formula as C 18 H 32 N 4 O 2 , and a molecular weight of 336.47. The complexes were prepared by the adsorption of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, Co and, Pb) from wastewater samples obtained from Kofar sauri, Lambun Dan Lawal and Youth craft village. The compounds were investigated by solubility, conductivity, melting/decomposition point, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy and Uv-visible spectroscopy. The Ligand 003 shows IR peak of υ(C=N) at 1633cm -1 , and a shift was observed to a lower peak as a result of adsorption of the heavy metals by the ligand, which is signifying the formation of the complexes. AAS results indicates high concentration of Cu in each case when compared, the rest of the metals varying at different level of concentration in the compounds. Cu may best fit the center of the ligand cavity having a concentration beyond computing with the rest of the metals. Key words : Schiff base, wastewater, heavy metals

Factors Affecting the Households’ Willingness-to-Pay for Wastewater Treatment in Agro-Food Processing Craft Villages, Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam

Industrialization is a major strategy of Vietnam for the development of the countryside. One such program is the promotion of craft villages that have been successful in increasing income levels that are 5 times more than those villages mainly engaged in agricultural production. However, while such programs have brought prosperity to these villages, they have ignored the adverse effects on the environment brought about by the wastewaters from the processing plants. Would these households involved in agro-food processing be willing to pay for the establishment of a wastewater plant to address the environmental problems? What factors would influence their willingness to pay? The results of the study among the selected households in Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam involved in agro-processing showed that the major factors affecting their willingness to pay for the establishment of a wastewater treatment plant are their level of education, quantity of households’ untreated wastewater, presence of young children who are more vulnerable to the adverse effects of pollution, experience of family members getting sick, households’ awareness of benefits from treated wastewater, capacity to pay, access to credit and membership in craft village’s Association. The study recommended that decisions on addressing environmental issues should be participatory to be able to take into consideration the socio-economic conditions of the stakeholders.

ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVENESS TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION OF BIOGAS DIGESTERS IN LIVESTOCK MANURE TREATMENT AT VAN CU RICE NOODLE CRAFT VILLAGE, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

This paper used some calculation techniques of IPCC to quantify the economic and environmental benefit from greenhouse gas (GHG) emission mitigation at Van Cu rice noodle craft village, Huong Toan commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province. The resulting calculation showed that the GHG emission amount of Van Cu rice noodle craft village was 1,572.3 tonnes of CO2e/ year, in which the GHG emission of households who had activities of swine breeding and rice noodle producing had accounted for 78% of total emissions of the whole village. There were 24 biogas digesters in 31 households had built biogas works that were working well and creating biogas for usage as fuel to service of life. Therefore, this study surveyed at 24 households were using biogas works efficiency. Before using biogas works, average GHG emission reached 51.0 tonnes CO2e/ household/ year. After using biogas digesters, total GHG emission of 24 households reduced 267.6 tonnes of CO2e/ year. Thus, the total GHG emission amount was cut down 956.5 tonnes of CO2e/ year, corresponding to revenue from the sale of certified emission reductions (CERs) was 13.04 million dong/ year.

Households’ Willingness-to-Pay for Wastewater Treatment in Traditional Agro-Food Processing Villages, Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam: Case Study in Hanoi City

Despite the number of studies focusing on the financial analysis of production activities, conducting on technical solutions, and improving water quality, no study has been conducted on the application of economic instruments that apply to water quality management in craft villages, and several studies of WTP also. This study aimed to estimate the households’ willingness-to-pay for wastewater treatment in selected traditional agro-food processing villages in Nhue-Day River Basin, Vietnam. A pilot Choice Experiment (CE) technique in Choice Modelling (CM) approach was applied for this study with 267 selected agro-food processing households by using the conditional logit (CL) and random parameter logit (RPL) models. The results showed that total annual environmental fee for wastewater treatment from agro-food processing households is estimated as 1089 million VND (equal to US$47,868 per year) for the total of 902 agro-food processing households in three research sites in Nhue-Day River Basin. This estimated budget for wastewater treatment accounted for 55.85% of total annual operation and maintenance costs only. In addition, the technology is improved to enable 90% of treated wastewater. Overall, the results of this study suggest the new wastewater treatment plant construction and improved wastewater collection system by increasing the investment in order to improve the water quality in Nhue-Day River Basin that brings about the reducing environmental degradation, biodiversity loss and human health risks.

Processes in informal end-processing of e-waste generated from personal computers in Vietnam

Informal treatment of e-waste plays an important role in many countries which have no or weak formal waste management structures. One of the challenges for assessing informal e-waste recycling technologies is to identify their disadvantages and potential technology improvement. The analysis of informal recycling processes starts with a balance of input and output materials for each of the processes. Main obstacles are the fact that in most cases, mixed or variety materials serve as input and, secondly by nature, the informal sector does not systematically measure and monitor the process. This study presents the processes and available data for informal e-waste recycling of desktop personal computer as it consists of components made of plastic and many metals within the Vietnamese context. To identify the most relevant processes, critical flows and technology gap, two scenarios are compared: (1) current situation in which recycling activities are taken in recycling craft villages and (2) appropriately selected BAT. The selected materials from e-waste cover a wide range of recycling processes and technologies: Printed Circuit Board treatment, metal (ferrous metal, aluminum and copper) and plastic recycling.

Micro-fibril cellulose as a filler for glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: Fabrication and mechanical characteristics

The waste produced by bamboo stick production processing was collected from a Vietnamese craft village and used as a source of microfibril cellulose (MFC) for a filler of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin based composites in this study. A mixture of MFC in UP was obtained by directly introducing the bamboo pulp into UP resin followed by a grinding process using a ball-grinding machine. A master batch method was also adopted for composite preparation, in which a high-content solution of MFC in UP resin was first fabricated and then diluted to prepare another solution with the desired content. Morphology and mechanical characteristics of UP resin based composites were investigated. Effect of different methods of preparation, such as hand lay-up and vacuum bagging methods, on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced UP resin composites was also examined, showing that the tensile strength of composite materials with 0.3 wt% MFC was increased by 10.24% (for the hand lay-up method) and 19.62% (for the vacuum bagging method) when compared with the pristine composite material. The flexural strength increased from 192.40 MPa to 208.63 MPa and the impact strength increased by 19.6% from 158.28 kJ/m2 to 186.84 kJ/m2 for the hand lay-up method.

地域資源活用に基づく「ベトナム伝統工芸村」設立計画 : 内発的発展論を基底とした地域連携に関する基礎的研究(1)

地域資源活用に基づく「ベトナム伝統工芸村」設立計画 : 内発的発展論を基底とした地域連携に関する基礎的研究(1)

Development of environmental protection model coupling to ecotourism and sustainable livelihood for salt production craft village at Ly Nhon, Can Gio

The purpose of this article is to develop an environmental protection model coupling to ecotourism and sustainable livelihood for the salt production craft village at Ly Nhon, Can Gio, HCM City. The model approaches on the basis of principles of environmental protection and ecotourism development giving chances to the local people to participate in use of existing natural resources for production and ecotourism, and also to ensure the ability to self-rehabilitate and regenerate of these resources. The results obtained from the feasibility study at the case study at a typical household in Ly Nhon showed that the model under study could be applied and helps for sustainable development of the craft village by giving an economic benefit (an income increase of 84.429.300 VND/year), ensuring sustainable livelihood for the local household, minimizing the wastes into the environment (wastewater is treated as required by the standards, generation of 5 m3/day of biogas, 9,28 kg/day organic fertilizer, the solid wastes are fully collected and treated etc). The model could also help to develop and popularize the traditional cultural beauty of the local salt production craft village through the exploitation of tourism activities.

Craft villages and tourism development, a case study in Phu Quoc island of Vietnam

Craft tourism is attracting many domestic and foreign tourists. In recent years in Vietnam, craft villages have exploited their potentials in tourism industry. For many different causes, tourism activities have yet reached expectations and their potentials for tourism development. This paper is to review their currents, tourism potentials and limitations and then formulate recommendations to the tourism development in Phu Quoc island. The data for this paper are from two sources. Secondary data were collected from the vast literature and journals. Primary data were from interviews with village owners, related authorities, tourists, tourism corporate, etc. and results serve as guidelines to develop the tourism industry and management.

The impacts of lead recycling activities to human health and environment in Dong Mai craft village, Hung Yen, Vietnam

Lead (Pb) recycling activities in Dong Mai village, Chi Dao commune, Van Lam district, Hung Yen province have been taking place for more than 30 years. The development of recycling activities contributed to the improvement of the local economics. However, along with economic development, Dong Mai craft village is facing to serious pollution. Soil, air and water polluted by lead (Pb) caused food containing Pb at higher levels than allowed limit from 20 to 40 times. The pollution had the bad effect on human health in this village. The investigation results showed that 100 % of employee who participated on melting lead and 63.5 % of local children were poisoned by Pb. Besides, the local people got diseases relating to skin, eyes, etc. This situation requires the provincial authorities to find immediate solutions to reduce the impacts of Pb recycling activities to environment and human.
 Hoạt động tái chế chì của thôn Đông Mai, xã Chỉ Đạo, huyện Văn Lâm, tỉnh Hưng Yên đã diễn ra hơn 30 năm nay. Sự phát triển của nghề tái chế đã làm góp phần cải thiện kinh tế của địa phương. Tuy nhiên, cùng với sự phát triển kinh tế, làng nghề Đông Mai đã và đang đối mặt với ô nhiễm môi trường nghiêm trọng. Môi trường đất, nước không khí bị ô nhiễm bởi chì (Pb) dẫn đến thực phẩm nhiễm chì ở hàm lượng cao hơn mức cho phép từ 20- 40 lần. Sự ô nhiễm gây ra những ảnh hưởng xấu tới sức khỏe của người dân làng nghề. Kết quả điều tra cho thấy 100% công nhân tham gia nấu chì và 63.5% trẻ em địa phương bị nhiễm độc chì. Bên cạnh đó, người dân địa phương còn bị mắc của các loại bệnh ngoài da, bệnh về mắt, …. Tình trạng này đòi hỏi chính quyền địa phương phải tìm ra giải pháp khẩn cấp để giảm thiểu tác động của những hoạt động tái chế chì tới môi trường và con người.

Status of heavy metal (Pb, Cd) pollution in agricultural soil in Dong Mai lead recycling craft village in Hung Yen, Vietnam

The newly planned lead recycling zone in Dong Mai village has been operating with primary treatment systems using lime to neutralize acid in wastewater is a good sign for the local environment, yet the real problem that needs further attention and proper solutions is the accumulation of heavy metals typically lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in agricultural land near the old Pb recycling area. In this context, 27 soil samples were collected and analyzed by AAS method to assess the situation and the quality of the agricultural soil. The results showed that the levels of Cd in the soil were still in acceptable level according to National Regulation. However, the lead contents in all of the soil samples exceeded National Regulation. The level of Pb pollution in soil was inversely proportional to the distance with old lead melting zone. The lead content in the soil sample collected at the distance of 50 m radius to the old melting zone reached 7070 ppm, which was 100 times higher than the allowable value of National Regulation.
 Khu tái chế chì mới tại thôn Đông Mai đã được quy hoạch và đi vào hoạt động cùng hệ thống xử lý sơ bộ với vôi bột là một tín hiệu đáng mừng cho môi trường nơi đây, nhưng vấn đề cần quan tâm và giải quyết triệt để là sự tích lũy một lượng lớn kim loại nặng điển hình là chì (Pb) và cađimi (Cd) trong đất nông nghiệp gần những khu tái chế chì cũ. 27 mẫu đất đã được thu thập và phân tích bằng phương pháp AAS để đánh giá tình trạng, chất lượng đất nông nghiệp tại đây. Kết quả cho thấy hàm lượng Cd trong đất vẫn trong mức độ cho phép theo Quy chuẩn quốc gia. Tuy nhiên, 100% các mẫu đất đều có hàm lượng chì vượt quá mức cho phép theo Quy chuẩn quốc gia. Mức độ ô nhiễm Pb trong đất tỷ lệ nghịch với khoảng cách tới khu lò nấu chì cũ. Mẫu đất cách 50 m so với khu vực lò cũ có hàm lượng chì lên tới 7070 ppm, gấp hơn 100 lần so với Quy chuẩn quốc gia.