Craft Sector Research Articles

Notes from lockdown: A series of reflections on some of the political and cultural impacts of the pandemic

A series of reflections on Covid-19 that looks at: how the pandemic affects processes of bordering and increases the indeterminate grey zones within which so many people are forced to live; the way nurses are presented in the media and the hypocrisy of praising them in a moment of crisis while simultaneously devaluing their work and underpaying them; health inequalities in Newham; the inequalities in the craft sector spotlighted by the pandemic; the relationships between radical neighbourliness and local politics; how perceptions of time have been affected during lockdown - and how 24-7 capitalism may seek to take advantage of this radical reorganisation of time.

Organizational characterization of craftsmanship in northern of Valle del Cauca

Young creators, designers, and master artisans are reinventing craftsmanship with their freshness and daring and turning it into a laboratory for sensory, emotional, and symbolic experiences. This paper will present artisans’ organizational status in the development of such a profession or craft in the municipalities that are part of the northern region of Valle del Cauca (Colombia). For this purpose, we resorted to documentary analysis and inquiries with stakeholders to characterize the region socially and demographically, for its geographical location, and identifying comparative and competitive advantages in the territory, according to the productive vocation of the municipalities and their relationship with crafts production. Likewise, the research analyzes artisans’ capabilities as a dynamizing sector for social, economic, and organizational processes. This study is a preliminary approach because its results are inconclusive, thus allowing other researchers to develop into the importance of the artisanal sector for the socio-economic development of the northern region of Valle del Cauca. The strategic approaches outlined in this paper are those consolidated with the stakeholders, who have enabled the craft sector’s strengthening through innovative proposals regarding the management of their workshops and business units.

Cultural practices to improve malt barley quality in the northeast with focus on the craft sector

Demand is increasing for locally grown malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in northeastern North America, driven primarily by growth in the craft beer sector. A multi-site experiment was conducted to evaluate how variety (V), seeding rate (S), and nitrogen (N) fertilizer affect malt quality in the northeast. Two barley varieties (Cerveza and Newdale), two seeding rates (200 and 400 seeds m−2), and five rates of actual applied N fertility (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha−1) were tested at Charlottetown, PE, Canada, Ithaca, NY, US, Princeville, QC, Canada, and New Liskeard and Ottawa, ON, Canada. Basic agronomic data were collected from all environments including yield, thousand kernel weight, and hectoliter weight. Barley of suitable quality was micromalted and subjected to malt quality analysis. Both V and S resulted in small effects on malt quality, however, N had the greatest effect on most measured variables. Increased rates of N application resulted in increased yield, hectoliter weight, and thousand kernel weight but had a negative effect on most quality traits, especially with increased protein content, reduced fine extract, Kolbach index, and friability, though it increased wort β-glucans. This study shows that for most years at most sites, it is possible to achieve malt quality in the northeast; however, excessive protein and the prevalence of preharvest sprout damage are the main barriers. The results of this study have implications for increased malt barley production for the craft sector as well as potential access to commodity markets for northeastern producers.

Partner Innovation Collaboration and Management Support Toward Innovation Speed and New Product Performance in Small Manufacturing Firms

The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the role of partner innovation collaboration and management support on innovation speed, and its implications towards new product performance in small manufacturing firms. This study took samples in the category of small manufacturing firms in the food & beverage sector, shoes & bags sector, craft sector, and diverse sector. Then, this study uses primary data using a questionnaire distributed to 95 owners or managers of small manufacturing firms in the Bandung and surrounding areas. Data analysis uses structural equation modeling based on partial least square with the help of SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that partner innovation collaboration had a positive and significant effect on innovation speed, then management support had a positive and significant effect on innovation speed, then innovation speed had a positive and significant effect on new product performance, most recently the role of partner innovation collaboration also had a positive effect and significant to new product performance. The R-Square calculation results show that partner innovation collaboration and management support influence 0.432 on innovation speed, then partner innovation collaboration and innovation speed have an effect of 0.637 on new product performance. This study implied that small manufacturing firms to utilize an innovation collaboration with partners and allocate more time, effort, thought, costs in the effort to innovation, and be able to create an atmosphere of work together with employees that support innovation activities. Further research is to include moderation variables that support the improvement of new product performance such as absorptive capacity and technological uncertainty. Keywords: management support, partner innovation collaboration, innovation speed, new product performance

Improving sustainability and encouraging innovation in traditional craft sectors: the case of the Sri Lankan handloom industry

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess sustainability across the handloom industry in Sri Lanka and identify opportunities for sustainable innovations supporting new markets, development of small-and-medium enterprises (SMEs) and growth in the Sri Lankan craft sector.Design/methodology/approachUsing a multiple case studies methodology, 10 case studies and 37 semi-structured interviews were analysed along with the triple-layered business model canvas.FindingsThe study reveals the handloom industry to be fundamentally sustainable but with structural barriers that hinder both innovation and growth. The environmentally conscious production process and social inclusion within weaving communities are the key driving forces of sustainability in the sector; however, the structure of the industry and lack of access to markets and information act as barriers to both innovation and growth. The incorporation of design interventions, closed-loop manufacturing strategies and the encouragement of community-based entrepreneurship would support sustainability-orientated business innovation in the handloom industry.Originality/valueThe rapidly increasing market share for high-quality, hand-made goods indicates the potential of the creative industries to accelerate socio-economic growth. Handloom textiles is attracting growing interest in fashion markets because of increasing concern about exploitation in production, thus encouraging interest in the economic benefits of fairly traded, high quality materials and the potential contribution of handloom to sustainability in the fashion industry. The results of this study will support the handloom industry and policy-makers in developing support for sustainable innovation in the handloom industry.

Sektorale und berufsspezifische Ausbildungsstrategien und Übergangsmuster nach der dualen Ausbildung

Abstract Based on the Integrated Employment Biographies data (IEB) of the Institute for Employment Research, the study compares the transition patterns after completion of vocational training in craft trades and in other sectors of economic activity. According to Soskice (1994) and Steedman (1993), dual training in the craft sector exhibits some distinctive features that can be expected to increase the risk of non-smooth transitions and to inhibit labor market integration of its apprentices. The analysis shows that currently almost all apprentices manage to enter regular employment within one year after graduation. However, apprenticeship graduates from craft trades are more likely to be affected by temporary unemployment. Additionally, the wage disadvantages associated with a job change are significantly higher in craft trades than in other occupations. Further analysis reveals that these average effects mask large differences at the occupational level. We conclude, that future research should draw more attention to transition risks on occupational rather than on sectoral level.

Optimization of information technology utilization based on geography information system as a marketing media for micro, small, and medium enterprises to improve competitiveness in Bantul Regency, Indonesia

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the largest group of economic actors in the Indonesian economy. The growth of the micro industry grew by 8% every year, especially in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Various factors that led to the growth of the small micro industry in Bantul were caused by the increasing stretch of business in the creative economy sector, the majority of which were engaged in the craft sector. As support, the Government of Bantul provides policies that protect or secure raw materials for handicraft or industrial production properly and facilitate physical promotion by participating in various exhibition events through online media. In the era of information technology development, the support of online information system become one of the promotional media that can reach a large area. The research objectives are to build a website for MSME in Bantul Regency and to provide a media for MSME actors to advertise their goods and services. In this study, the MSME information system that was built was equipped with facilities for maps, images and videos of MSME products. This map facility makes it easy for users to go to business locations. The system was developed by utilizing the Application Programming Interface (API) of google map and database used to store all MSME data using MySQL with the PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor Programming language. The result is development of marketplace website ( https://wartacara.com/ukm ) that have many features to explore and advertise MSME actor in Bantul Regency.

Youth participation in the creative economy and community empowerment

The development of creative economy in Indonesia is characterized by the participation of youth in the craft subsector, one of which is the city of Makassar, it can be reviewed based on the involvement of youth in the creative craft sector and also the series of creative economy activities both organized by the government and the private sector. This research aims to analyze the form of youth participation in the creative economy of craft subsector in Makassar City. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach, the data were obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The Informants were determined purposively scattered in three sub-districts of Makassar: Manggala District, Biringkanaya District and Tamalanrea District. The techniques of data analysis were reduction, data display and verification / conclusion. The results of the research indicate that the form of youth participation in the creative economy of craft subsector in Makassar City involves: Planning Participation, youth participating in craft business planning, vision-mission design, recruitment or addition of human resources, product development and innovation , increased production, marketing management, financial statements, job desk distribution, and community empowerment. Implementation Participation, youth participation in carrying out creative business activities, running programs and business targets, initiate education and training services, be directly involved in creative economic activities, control the production and marketing processes, and conduct discussions in decision making. Utilization Participation , young people participate in utilizing the creative economy by developing creative business brands and products, expanding branding and business networks to maintain facilities and infrastructure, management evaluation and production activities, increasing individual insight, economic income and entrepreneurship experience, then community empowerment or social activities through creative economic activities.

The Credit Problem of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, the State Credit Policy of the Federal Ministry of the Economy and Financing by Credit Institutions, 1955 to 1963

This paper examines the demand of German Mittelstand businesses, or small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) - including the Handwerk (craft sector) and retail trades - for medium- and long-term capital in the mid-1950s, and how this demand was met by mobilizing capital from banking institutions, especially from savings banks and credit cooperatives, under the regulatory framework and policy coordination of the ministerial committee (Arbeitsausschus). The Bundeswirtschaftsministerium established this committee with delegates from interested groups among the Mittelstand and financial institutions in West Germany. Although impressive economic growth came in the 1950s, with high investments in many industries with public-sector assistance, Mittelstand firms suffered from a lack of capital, which changed their structure of performance, markets and ability to finance expansion of their business. The ministerial committee drafted guidelines and coordinated the interests of each Mittelstand group and banking institution to solve the problems in a competitive market economy. As individual incomes were restored and the capital market stabilized by the late 1950s, the financial support structure of the Mittelstand economy was built on regional savings banks, credit cooperatives, and credit-guarantee associations, providing them access to external capital in the early 1960s.

Neo-Craft Design and Meaningful Material Culture

La aplicación de los métodos de diseño puede posibilitar la escalabilidad de la oferta de los productos artesanales, lo que resulta en la generación de valor y la apertura de nuevos mercados. En caso contrario, la reducción de costos en la búsqueda de la estandarización y la falta de nueva oferta de productos artesanales puede llevar a la desaparición de las técnicas y del conocimiento artesanal. El objetivo de este estudio es la definición de un método de vinculación entre un proceso de diseño y la producción artesanal mediante talleres colaborativos enfocados en la generación de cultura material significativa. Se presenta una propuesta para el desarrollo de los productos neo-artesanales, resultado de una serie de talleres colaborativos entre artesanos y diseñadores mexicanos. La colaboración ocurrió en el marco del Programa para el Desarrollo de la Productividad y Competitividad del Sector Artesanal del Estado de Querétaro en el año 2017 y evidencia el potencial que ofrece la inclusión de herramientas de diseño dentro del praxis artesanal.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Energy Losses in a Barbecue Oven in Burkina Faso

This work concerns an experimental and numerical study of energy losses in a typical oven usually used in the agro-food craft sector in Burkina Faso. The experimental results were obtained by infrared thermography of the oven and by monitoring the evolution of the wall temperatures using thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system. These results indicate that the energy losses are mainly through the walls of the oven. The numerical study based on the energy balance and corroborated by the experimental study made it possible to quantify these losses of energy which represents almost half of the fuel used. These results will allow us to work on a new, more efficient oven model for the grilling sector in Burkina Faso.

The Role of Business External Environment as a Moderation of the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance that is Mediated in Flexibility of Strategy

This study aims to examine the entrepreneurial orientation associated with business performance by incorporating flexibility strategies as mediation and the external environment of the business as moderation by taking studies in the small handicraft industry sector in East Java Indonesia. Data collection techniques used questionnaires distributed to UKM owners or managers of the craft sector as many as 198 entrepreneurs. The results of testing structural equation modeling with W arpPLS show that entrepreneurial orientation does not have a significant positive effect on business performance while entrepreneurial orientation on flexibility strategies has a significant positive effect. The results of the verification of the flexibility strategy mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation to performance while the external business environment is not able to moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance. Key words: Entrepreneurial orientation, flexibility performance, positive effect, WarpPLS

The Mediating Role of Strategy Flexibility at the Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Orientation on Business Performance Small Medium Enterprise Craft Sector in Indonesia

The research intends to test the effects of entrepeneurship orientation and market orientation on business performance with strategic flexibility as mediator. Considering Indonesia has been even today eagerly support entrepreneurial, it intends to explore relationship between the three variables in small and medium enterprises context. The study takes place in Indonesia with 194 sampel. For questionnaire distribution, it makes use of online tool with google form. The unit of analysis is owners, managers or decision-makers at the SMEs. For data analysis, it applies structural equation model with WarpPLS approach. The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial orientation does not significant effect on business performance, but has a positive effect on strategic flexibility. While market orientation has a positive effect on business performance, but it does not have significant effect on strategic flexibility. It means that strategic flexibility mediate relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance, while it does not hold true for relationship between market orientation and business performance.

Mapping of the Creative Industries of the Used Rubber Crafts Sector Using Geographic Information Systems Against the Economic Impact of the Community With Productivity Measurements

The handicraft industry is one of the industrial sectors that provides a major contribution to the community's economy. Creative industries have 14 sectors according to the provisions of the KBLI (Indonesian Business Field Book Classification). This research was conducted in the Kluet Sub-district of South Aceh by mapping the creative industries in the Kluet Sub-district of South Aceh on the economic impact of the community which is influenced by 4 indicators namely labor, capital, total production and income. South Aceh Kluet Subdistrict is dominated by one sector, namely the Used Tires Rubber craft sector. To determine the development and influence of the creative industry on the economy, productivity is measured by making a ratio between effectiveness (output) and efficiency (input). The results of the assessment of each indicator by comparing 2018 and 2019. There is an increase from the previous year, meaning that the greater the value of productivity, the better the achievement target. Productivity measurement of the results obtained is based on labor indicators in 2018 obtained capital value in 2018 gained Rp1.4 and in 2019 amounted to Rp 1.9. There is an increase from the previous year, meaning that the greater the value of productivity, the better the achievement target. Productivity measurement results obtained are based on labor indicators in 2018 obtained productivity values ​​of 3 units / person in 2019 amounted to 5 units / person, the above results show an increase from 2018 to 2019. This means that the effectiveness of achieving quality levels of efficient use of resources has increased. The results above indicate an increase from 2018 to 2019. This means that the effectiveness of achieving the quality level of the efficient use of resources has increased.

РАЗВИТИЕ ПЛАНИРОВОЧНОЙ СТРУКТУРЫ ДРЕВНИХ ГОРОДОВ МАРОККО НА ПРИМЕРЕ Г. МАРРАКЕШ

The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.

Social Network of Small Creative Firms and Its Effects on Innovation in Developing Countries

This article aims to extend the current understanding of social networking in small creative traditional sectors in developing countries. Most of the relevant studies have tended to focus on developed countries while neglecting the developing countries perspective. However, our study stresses that small craft firms—subsector of creative industries—are not only significant for income and employment generation but these businesses also are dominant in most of the developing countries. Hence, this article develops a model to demonstrate the effects of social networking on innovation and thus entrepreneurial success in small creative firms from developing countries perspective. We empirically tested our proposed research model on a sample of 254 small creative firms in the craft sector located in Bangladesh. Our results suggest that small creative firms can and do benefit from establishing a cooperative relationship with buyers, suppliers, and designers. However, cooperation with competitors does not have a significant impact on innovation. The findings of our study have substantial implications for both practitioners and policymakers interested in enhancing innovation among small creative firms mainly craft sector. In particular, we argue that a small creative firm’s innovative activity benefits from close relations with suppliers and designers.

Islamic Business Ethics: Case Study of Puspa Sharia Micro Business Actors in Bank Indonesia West Java Region in Bandung 2017

This research is based on the phenomenon of problems in MSMEs including poor administration, low product competitiveness, low human resources, lack of mastery of science, quality of service and use of quality goods (Halal & Thayyib). The purpose of this study was to measure the level of implementation of Islamic Business Ethics for MSME players in the PUSPA Bank Indonesia program in West Java in Bandung in 2017. The research method used was descriptive quantitative with data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The number of research samples is 50 consumers from 4 MSMEs which are engaged in the service, food and craft sectors and. The results of the study show that the level of implementation of Islamic Business Ethics in micro business actors guided by the PUSPA program in Bank Indonesia in West Java in 2017 is in very good criteria, dimensions that need to be improved are the orderly administrative dimensions and the dimensions of freedom with good criteria. While the dimensions of responsibility, justice and truth are included in the criteria very well. The impact of this research shows the need for improvement of several indicators because it has implications for business progress and increased competitiveness of MSMEs themselves.

Implementasi Etika Bisnis Islam Pelaku Usaha Mikro : Studi Kasus Pada Pelaku Usaha Mikro Syariah Puspa Bank Indonesia Wilayah Jawa Barat Di Bandung Tahun 2017

This research is based on the phenomena of problems that exist in MSMEs including poor administration, low product competitiveness, low human resources, lack of mastery of science, quality of service and use of quality goods (Halal & Thayyib). The purpose of this study was to measure the level of implementation of Islamic Business Ethics for MSME players in the PUSPA Bank Indonesia program in West Java in Bandung in 2017. The research method used was quantitative descriptive with data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The number of research samples is 50 consumers from 4 MSMEs engaged in the culinary, service, fashion and craft sectors. The results of the study show that the level of implementation of Islamic Business Ethics of micro business actors guided by the PUSPA program in Bank Indonesia in West Java in 2017 was very good. This can be seen from several dimensions used, namely honesty, the use of good quality goods, Ihsan, Building good relations with Consumers and Ethics sets the price of an average value of 5.8 which means very good

Crafting symbolic value: art, craft and independent fashion

It has been suggested that independent fashion exists at the intersection of ‘art, craft and fashion’ implying that both its identity and its value emerge directly from its connection with these adjacent cultural fields. But what are the precise circumstances under which independent fashion ‘intersects’ with the art and craft sectors and how exactly is symbolic value negotiated along cultural value chains? This article uses a case study approach to examine interactions between the independent fashion sector and arts institutions. Three exhibitions are provided as case studies, and were selected for analysis on the basis of their shared links between art, craft, and fashion design as forms of visual culture and personal expression. Findings suggest that arts institutions and curators play an essential role in validating the cultural value of independent fashion in ways that help distinguish independent fashion from the anonymity of industrially produced garments and establish the independent fashion sector as a vital player in the creative industries. However, as the paper also shows, the mechanisms through which fashion comes to be exhibited in galleries relies on complex set of social and professional interactions.

OPEN INNOVATION IN SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE INDUSTRY AND CRAFT SECTORS

The study findings show that the utilization of open innovation (OI) tools is effective in promoting innovation in small businesses. The study differentiated between OI tools aimed at acquiring knowledge in a unidirectional manner from external open sources of information such as Internet searches for professional information or attending professional conferences, and OI tools aimed at obtaining knowledge by interacting with other factors in the business ecosystem. Interestingly, it was found that utilization of unidirectional OI tools contributes more to the level of product innovation, while utilization of networking and external collaboration contributes more to levels of process and marketing innovation, respectively. In addition, the study clarified that these businesses maintain connections to promote innovation mainly with entities in their closest business environment, based on commercial relationships with their suppliers and customers. The empirical study was conducted through face-to-face interviews on a sample of 202 small businesses in the industry and craft sectors. The theoretical contribution of the research stems from its focus on a group of businesses that has rarely been the focus of studies on innovation. The use of face-to-face interviews as a research tool facilitated the attainment of knowledge that is generally not readily accessible. The study may contribute in a practical manner to assisting small businesses in the development and implementation of appropriate OI tools for promoting innovation and enable them to reach beyond their closest business environment.