Cracking Of Crude Oil Research Articles

Distribution Characteristics of the Deep Geothermal Field in the Sichuan Basin and its Main Controlling Factors

Geothermal energy and petroleum are two resources that coexist in sedimentary basins, and both of them are closely related to temperature. Based on the surface heat flow and the rock thermophysical properties, the deep geothermal field was calculated, then temperature distribution characteristics and the primary influencing factors on the geothermal state were discussed. The temperature distribution map of the Sichuan Basin for depths of 3,000–9,000 m presented the central and southern areas are characterized by relatively higher temperatures while the northwestern and northeastern areas are characterized by lower temperatures. Strata temperature in the central and southern areas exceeded 150°C as the burial depth reached 5,000 m. At the depth of 7,000 m, the temperatures in the central and southern areas were above 180°C, which is the threshold temperature for hot dry rock (HDR), while the temperatures in the northwestern and northeastern areas were below 160°C, which is close to the lower limit for oil crude oil cracking. The central and southern areas are favorite zones for the exploration of geothermal energy, conversely, the relatively lower temperatures in the northern, northwestern, and eastern areas are conducive to the presence of oil and gas. The unevenly distribution of geothermal field were controlled by the thicknesses of sedimentary layer and the crust, which indicates the lithosphere flexure and thickening caused by compression and depression, rapid deposition in the foreland depressions. The results can provide geothermal understandings for the exploration and development of the petroleum and geothermal resources and could serve as a reference for geodynamic studies in the Sichuan Basin.

Extraction of Lanthanum Oxide from Different Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts by Nitric Acid Leaching and Cyanex 923 Solvent Extraction Methods

A laboratory-scale procedure was developed to obtain lanthanum oxide from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, commonly used in the heavy crude oil cracking process. Two different solids, consisting mainly of silica, alumina, and a certain amount of rare earth elements, were leached under several conditions to recover the rare earths. Nitric acid leaching lead to the highest recovery of lanthanum, reaching a recovery percentage greater than 95% when a 1.5 M concentration was used. Subsequently, liquid phases were subjected to a liquid–liquid extraction process using Cyanex 923 diluted in Solvesso 100, and the lanthanum was quantitatively extracted. Lanthanum was also quantitatively stripped using oxalic acid to obtain the corresponding lanthanum oxalates, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. After thermal treatment at 1200 °C for 2 h, these solids yielded lanthanum oxide.

Indicative significance of biomarker parameters on crude oil cracking rate from the Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay basin of North China

Molecular markers have a strong ability to maintain their own structure. The side chain fracture, isomerization and aromatization show regular response characteristics for the organic matter evolution process, which can measure oil maturity and identify oil cracking degree. In this research, 43 crude oil samples were collected for geochemical investigation in the Dongpu Depression from Bohai Bay Basin of North China. By the gas chromatography (GC) experiments of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon, a variety of molecular marker parameters were selected for quantitative evaluation of crude oil maturity and cracking rate, including pristane isomerization index (PIR), C29 sterane parameters, monoaromatic sterane, rearranged sterane (20 S/(20 S + 20 R)), hopane (Ts/(Tm + Ts)), methyl phenanthrene ratio (MPR), Methyl phenanthrene index (MPI), alkyl naphthalene, and alkyl dibenzothiophenes (DBTs). Thus, the crude oil cracking rate in the different regions of Dongpu Depression were calculated quantitatively. The results show that the increase of temperature, the pressure (<40Mpa) and thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) action promotes crude oil cracking, whereas the pressure (>40 MPa) generally inhibits the crude oil cracking. In addition, well Wei 20 does not experience prominent thermal history temperature and burial history pressure, but its oil cracking rate is higher than the average cracking rate curve value, suggesting other factors also have an important impact on crude oil cracking, which needs to be further discussed.

Nature of the Lower–Middle Ordovician reservoir bitumen in the Shunnan area, Tarim Basin, northwestern China

The Lower–Middle Ordovician reservoir bitumen (RB) results from various geological events (deep burial of strata, volcanic activity and thermochemical sulfate reduction) in the Shunnan area, Tarim Basin. The understanding of its characteristics and origins sheds light on the accumulation process of hydrocarbon reservoirs. A combination of polarizing microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and laser Raman microspectroscopy was used to study the characteristics and origins of the RB. In the wells (SN4 and SN7) with obvious hydrothermal activity, the occurrence of RB in each formation includes stylolites accompanied with silicification in the microcrystalline limestone of the Yijianfang (O 2 yj) Formation, stylolites and dissolution pores in the granular limestone of the Yingshan (O 1-2 y) Formation, and stylolites and intercrystalline pores of saddle dolomite in the limy dolomite of the Penglaiba (O 1 p) Formation. In the wells (SN5, SN501, SN5-2, and SN6) without hydrothermal activity, the occurrence of RB in each formation includes stylolites in O 2 yj and O 1-2 y Formations and stylolites and dolomite intercrystalline pores in O 1 p. Moreover, the RB contents of the wells with hydrothermal activity are about two times as large as those of the wells without hydrothermal activity in each formation. From O 2 yj to O 1-2 y and then to O 1 p, the effect of hydrothermal activity and dolomitization on reservoir transformation is gradually enhanced, and the RB content is gradually increased. In addition, the average maturity of the RB (R o % calc ) in wells SN4 and SN7 is 2.21%–2.36%, whereas that in wells SN5, SN501, SN5-2, and SN6 is 1.90%–2.11%. The cracking of deeply buried crude oil is the key factor controlling the widespread distribution of RB. The hydrothermal activity in Early Permian produced abnormally high maturity of the RB in wells SN4 and SN7. Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) promoted the cracking of crude oil, which had a positive impact on the formation of RB. • The distribution characteristics of reservoir bitumen indicate the position of ancient oil reservoir in the study area. • Laser Raman technology is used to qualitative analyze and quantitative calculate the maturity of reservoir bitumen. • The hydrothermal activity lead to the abnormally high maturity of reservoir bitumen near the crater. • The origin analysis of reservoir bitumen reveals the adjustment and transformation process of hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Steam Catalytic Cracking of Crude Oil Over Novel Hierarchical Zeolite–Containing Mesoporous Silica–Alumina Core-Shell Catalysts

Steam Catalytic Cracking of Crude Oil Over Novel Hierarchical Zeolite–Containing Mesoporous Silica–Alumina Core-Shell Catalysts

Understanding catalyst deactivation during the direct cracking of crude oil

In the formulation of zeolite-based catalysts for the direct cracking of crude, the use of kaolin matrixes prevents, to a large extent, zeolite dealumination. Metals and other impurities in crude oil provoke a slight decrease in activity and selectivity patterns.

Origin and Genesis of Solid Bitumen from the Sinian Dengying Reservoir in the Deyang–Anyue Rift within the Sichuan Basin (SW China): Evidence from Biomarkers and Microscopic Features

Deep-carbonate gas reservoirs are a significant field for conventional gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin, and industrial-grade gas reservoirs have recently been discovered in the second member of the Dengying Formation in the Deyang–Anyue rift. Drilling results have indicated that the large amount of solid bitumen that is commonly found in pores and fractures in the reservoir of the second member of the Dengying Formation. However, systematic studies have not yet been conducted on the solid bitumen of the second member of the Dengying Formation and its genesis and parent source remain unclear. This study is based on the systematic analysis of solid bitumen samples collected from new exploratory wells, with the aid of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to clarify the genesis, thermal maturity, and parent source deposition environment of the solid bitumen. Electron microscopy and biomarker results indicate that bitumen is in a high-maturity stage and is a product of the thermal cracking of crude oil. Energy dispersive spectrometer results and the continuous distribution of n-alkanes indicate that the bitumen is not subjected to strong thermochemical sulfate reduction and biodegradation. Isoprenoids and terpenes suggest that the palaeoreserves associated with the bitumen of the second member of the Dengying Formation originate in reductive marine carbonate sediments. The combination of regional stratigraphic contact relationships, lithology, and biomarker characteristics implies that the Maidiping Formation muddy dolomite and the Dengying Formation algal dolomite are the potential parent sources of solid bitumen in the second member of the Dengying Formation.

Geochemical characteristics and resource potential of shale gas in Sichuan Basin, China

Shale gas is a green, low-carbon and clean unconventional natural gas energy. China is rich in shale gas resources. Accelerating shale gas exploration and development is of great practical significance to improve China's energy structure and achieve the goal of “2030 carbon peak and 2060 carbon neutralization”. The Ordovician Wufeng Formation to Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin is the key strata for shale gas exploration and development in China. Based on the experimental analysis of shale gas in Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation in Weiyuan, Changning, Zhaotong, Fuling and Weirong areas of Sichuan Basin, this paper systematically analyzes the geochemical characteristics of shale gas in Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation, discusses the genesis of shale gas, the causes of hydrocarbon isotope inversion and the source of shale gas, and looks forward to the exploration prospects of shale gas resources in the basin. It has important guiding significances for shale gas exploration and development in Sichuan Basin and even in China. The results show that: (1) The shale gas of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations is a typical dry gas, and the hydrocarbon isotopes are distributed in negative sequence. The carbon isotopes of alkane gas in Changning, Zhaotong and Fuling areas are heavier and have a higher degree of thermal evolution than those in Weiyuan and Weirong areas, and the rare gas is of crustal origin. (2) Shale gas of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations is a thermogenic oil-typed gas at high-over mature stage, which is mainly the mixture of crude oil cracking gas and kerogen cracking gas. The hydrocarbon isotope inversion of alkane gas is mainly caused by the mixing of crude oil cracking gas and kerogen cracking gas at high-over mature stage, the exchange between formation water and methane at high evolution stage and so on. (3) The carbon isotopic values of methane in shale gas of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations match the carbon isotopic values of kerogen in mudstones of Longmaxi Formation of Lower Silurian, which conforms to the law of carbon isotopic fractionation δ13Ckerogen>δ13Coil>δ13Calkane gas. (4) The total amount of marine, marine continental transitional and continental facies shale gas resources in Sichuan Basin is about 41.5 × 1012 m3, with broad exploration prospects in resource potential.

Influence of fractional distillation on the yield and quality of biofuels obtained through thermal catalytic cracking of crude palm oil

This paper investigates the influence of the fractional distillation on the yield and quality of biofuels obtained in a laboratory unit (Vigreux column) at atmospheric pressure, producing three distilled fractions: (1) green gasoline, (2) green aviation kerosene, and (3) green diesel. The quality of the distilled fractions was evaluated through physical-chemical analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and GC-MS analysis. The fractional distillation of the crude biofuel provided biofuels in the form of distilled fractions with most values of physical-chemical properties within the limits established by national and international regulatory agencies and with experimental distillation curves similar to standard distillation curves. GC-MS analysis showed that the three distilled fractions had higher contents of hydrocarbons than oxygenated compounds and contained hydrocarbons characteristic of petroleum derivatives such as gasoline, aviation kerosene, and diesel.

Influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained through catalytic cracking of crude palm oil

The present paper investigated the influence of the reaction time on the quality (physical-chemical properties) of biofuels obtained by catalytic cracking of crude palm oil (CPO). The influence of the reaction time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) on the quality of crude biofuels denominated organic liquid products (OLP) was investigated through experiments carried out in a cracking pilot plant with capacity of 143 L in the following operating conditions: 20 wt% sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as catalyst, 450 °C, 1 atm and batch mode operation. The quality of the biofuels produced was certified through physical-chemical analyzes (acid value, saponification value, specific gravity, refractive index, kinematic viscosity, corrosiveness to copper, and flash point). The results show that the physical-chemical properties of OLP decrease as the reaction time increases, in such a way that, catalytic cracking process occurs efficiently in the interval of 10 to 20 min after its start, which can be finalized when it reaches 30 minutes of reaction. In addition, Na2CO3 was essential as a catalyst in the cracking reaction to reduce the physical-chemical properties of OLPs obtained at different times, allowing the specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and corrosivity to copper to be within or very close to the limits established for Diesel S10.

Produce petrochemicals directly from crude oil catalytic cracking, a techno-economic analysis and life cycle society-environment assessment

Achieving direct catalytic cracking of crude oil to produce low-cost petrochemicals is a milestone technology for the transformation of refinery from “fuel type” to “chemical engineering type”. Herein, we first established the crude oil catalytic cracking process and identified the key process parameters affecting ethylene and propylene yields. Meanwhile, the crude oil direct steam cracking process was selected as a comparative process for the process economic, social and environmental performance by an improved life cycle society-environment assessment method. The improvement direction, suitable preheating temperature and higher cracking temperature, are given from the aspect of process though systematic integration and intensification. Results show the conversion rate of the catalytic cracking process is 86.10%, while the steam cracking process is only 76.71%. Furthermore, the utilization efficiency of carbon and hydrogen in the catalytic cracking process is 1.29 and 1.47 times higher than the steam cracking process, respectively. As for the society-economic performance, the catalytic cracking process provides up to 65% and 11% increase in net present value and total output value. As for the environmental performance, the catalytic cracking process consumes approximately 4% less non-renewable energy and has 31% less waste water generation. The results in this study harbour tremendous guiding significance to the design of crude oil directly efficient conversion to petrochemicals.

Composition‐performance Relationships in Catalysts Formulation for the Direct Conversion of Crude Oil to Chemicals

AbstractMaximizing the production of petrochemicals from crude oil at the expense of fuels is among the most important targets for refiners. In this conversion, catalyst composition and formulation play a key role. Here we present a thorough study of the effect of formulated FCC catalyst composition on the one‐step cracking of Arabian light crude oil. Our results demonstrate that over a 35 wt. % yield to light olefins can be achieved on spray‐dried catalysts containing 1 : 1 mixtures of ZSM‐5 and FAU zeolites (alongside binder and clay). Coke deposition and catalyst deactivation can be correlated to the nature and content of each zeolite component.

Biomarkers and Re–Os geochronology of solid bitumen in the Beiba Dome, northern Sichuan Basin, China: Implications for solid bitumen origin and petroleum system evolution

Solid bitumen is ubiquitous in the Sinian Dengying Formation dolomite, a crucial gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin. We use biomarkers and Re–Os geochronology, coupled with burial-thermal evolution history to trace the source and formation timing of the solid bitumen, and to reconstruct the petroleum system evolution in the Dengying Formation of the Beiba Dome, northern Sichuan Basin. The bitumen reflectance (Rb) values of solid bitumen range from 1.92 to 3.95%, with the solid bitumen showing no fluorescence, indicating that the solid bitumen in the Dengying Formation dolomite has a high thermal maturity, which consequently belongs to pyrobitumen formed by thermal cracking of crude oil. The isoprenoids and terpanes indicate that the solid bitumen was sourced from a marine shale deposited under a reducing environment. The C27–C29 regular sterane distribution of the solid bitumen is consistent with the Lower Cambrian Guojiaba Formation (Є1g) organic-rich shale, indicating that the solid bitumen was derived from the Є1g shale, rather than dolomite or shale within the Dengying Formation. The burial-thermal evolution history indicates that initial oil generation began in the Late Cambrian to the Early Silurian. Since the Early Permian, the Є1g organic-rich shale re-entered the oil generation window, and formed a giant paleo-oil accumulation during the Late Triassic. Thermal cracking of crude oil occurred from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous forming the extensive solid bitumen. The Re–Os isotopes of solid bitumen yield two similar isochron ages of 128.1 ± 7.3 Ma and 126.2 ± 8.0 Ma, which represents the timing of thermal cracking termination, i.e. the final timing of dry gas generation. This work highlights that the Re–Os geochronology has great potential to constrain the absolute timing of evolution of the petroleum system.

Recent progress on the research of Re–Os geochronology and Re–Os elemental and isotopic systematics in petroleum systems

Re–Os geochronometer has been used in the dating of generation-accumulation, thermal cracking, and thermochemical sulfate reduction of crude oil and the oil-source correlation of petroleum systems in recent years. Re and Os concentrations are higher in the asphaltene fraction of crude oil and the earlier precipitated fractions of asphaltene. The correlations of the Re–Os isotopic systematics between asphaltene and maltene and among the fractions of asphaltenes are complex. It is shown by experiments that Re and Os can transfer from water to oil rapidly in a significant amount. However, Re–Os dating with multiple crude oil samples is suffering from great uncertainties while single oil dating methodology does not always work. A bright future for the application of Re–Os geochronometer on the dating of crude oil generation and accumulation requests further research on the homogenization mechanism of 187Os/188Os, the closed system of Re–Os systematics, and how Re and Os reside in crude oil.

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Deep Marine Carbonate Natural Gas in China

Abstract —Deep and ultradeep oil and gas have been the prominent direction of international exploration in recent years. The deep oil and gas resources are predominantly distributed in the three domains of carbonate, clastic, and igneous rocks. The carbonate rock reservoirs contain about 40% of global oil and gas reserves owing to their superior reservoir properties. In recent years, a number of large oil and gas fields have been discovered in the deep marine carbonate rocks in China, especially in the Sichuan and Tarim Basins, thus showing a vast oil and gas exploration potential in these rocks. In this paper, the genesis and source of deep natural gas in the Tarim and Sichuan Basins were systematically studied. The results show that the natural gas in the deep marine carbonate rock reservoirs is generated not only from the later deep-source rocks. Also, the substantial cracking of crude oil and pyrobitumen in the reservoir under conditions of great burial depth and high geotemperature can provide abundant natural gas sources for the deep reservoir. So, the contribution of gas from oil cracking should be considered in evaluation of deep natural gas resources.

Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Crude Oil over Iron-Based Catalyst Obtained from Galvanic Industry Wastes

Sewage sludge from the galvanic industry represents a problem to the environment, due to its high metal content that makes it a hazardous waste and must be treated or disposed of properly. This study aimed to evaluate the sludge from three galvanic industries and determine its possible use as catalysts for the synthesis of materials. Catalyst was obtained from a thermal process based on dried between 100–120 °C and calcination of sludges between 400 to 700 °C. The physical–chemical properties of the catalyst were analyzed by several techniques as physisorption of N2 and chemisorption of CO of the material. Catalytic activity was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis of a thermo-catalytic decomposition of crude oil. The best conditions for catalyst synthesis were calcination between 400 and 500 °C, the temperature of reduction between 750 and 850 °C for 15 min. The catalytic material had mainly Fe as active phase and the specific surface between 17.68–96.15 m2·g−1, the catalysts promote around 6% more weight-loss of crude oil in the thermal decomposition compared with assays without the catalyst. The results show that the residual sludge of galvanic industries after thermal treatment can be used as catalytic materials due to the easiness of synthesis procedures required, the low E-factor obtained and the recycling of industrial waste promoted.

Pyrolysis of Used Tires Using Spent Catalyst of Crude Oil Cracking Process from Pertamina RU III

The additional waste of used tires increases every year in direct proportion to the growth of motorized vehicles. Problems caused by used tire waste will also increase if there is no right solution to reduce waste. Catalytic pyrolysis is one way to change used tires into another form that has the benefit of liquid fuel. Polystyrene contained in used tires is a synthetic polymer that can be converted into liquid fuel by pyrolysis method. PT Pertamina RU III Palembang's former petroleum cracking catalyst can still be reused as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of used tires to improve the process by reducing cracking temperature and cracking time to obtain maximum liquid fuel. The process is carried out using 500 grams of used tire rubber with catalysts of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of the weight of used tire rubber with a heating time of 120 minutes and 180 minutes. Based on the results of the study, the highest volume of liquid fuel was produced from the addition of an 80% catalyst from the weight of the used tire rubber with a pyrolysis time of 180 minutes, 71 ml. The liquid fuel obtained is then analyzed using Gas Chromatography. From this analysis, the results obtained from the pyrolysis of used tire rubber using a catalyst used by PT Pertamina RU III Palembang used oil is approaching premium fuel. So it can be concluded that used rubber tires containing polystyrene can be processed into liquid fuels.

Geochemical characteristics and genetic mechanism of the high-N2 shale gas reservoir in the Longmaxi Formation, Dianqianbei Area, China

As an important pilot target for shale gas exploration and development in China, the Longmaxi Formation shale in the Dianqianbei Area is characterized by high content of nitrogen, which severely increases exploration risk. Accordingly, this study explores the genesis of shale gas reservoir and the mechanism of nitrogen enrichment through investigating shale gas compositions, isotope features, and geochemical characteristics of associated gases. The high-nitrogen shale gas reservoir in the Longmaxi Formation is demonstrated to be a typical dry gas reservoir. Specifically, the alkane carbon isotope reversal is ascribed to the secondary cracking of crude oil and the Rayleigh fractionation induced by the basalt mantle plume. Such a thermogenic oil-type gas reservoir is composed of both oil-cracking gas and kerogen-cracking gas. The normally high nitrogen content (18.05%–40.92%) is attributed to organic matter cracking and thermal ammoniation in the high-maturity stage. Specifically, the high heat flow effect of the Emeishan mantle plume exacerbates the thermal cracking of organic matter in the Longmaxi Formation shale, accompanied by nitrogen generation. In comparison, the abnormally high nitrogen content (86.79%–98.54%) is ascribed to the communication between the atmosphere and deep underground fluids by deep faults, which results in hydrocarbon loss and nitrogen intrusion, acting as the key factor for deconstruction of the primary shale gas reservoir. Results of this study not only enrich research on genetic mechanism of high-maturity N2 shale gas reservoirs, but also provide theoretical guidance for subsequent gas reservoir resource evaluation and well-drilling deployment in this area.

Hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanisms of deep-water shelf shales of Ordovician Wufeng Formation–Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, China

As the hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanisms of high quality shales of Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation- Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation remain unclear, based on geological conditions and experimental modelling of shale gas formation, the shale gas generation and accumulation mechanisms as well as their coupling relationships of deep-water shelf shales in Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin were analyzed from petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry. The high quality shales of Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin are characterized by high thermal evolution, high hydrocarbon generation intensity, good material base, and good roof and floor conditions; the high quality deep-water shelf shale not only has high biogenic silicon content and organic carbon content, but also high porosity coupling. It is concluded that: (1) The shales had good preservation conditions and high retainment of crude oil in the early times, and the shale gas was mainly from cracking of crude oil. (2) The biogenic silicon (opal A) turned into crystal quartz in early times of burial diagenesis, lots of micro-size intergranular pores were produced in the same time; moreover, the biogenic silicon frame had high resistance to compaction, thus it provided the conditions not only for oil charge in the early stage, but also for formation and preservation of nanometer cellular-like pores, and was the key factor enabling the preservation of organic pores. (3) The high quality shale of Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation had high brittleness, strong homogeneity, siliceous intergranular micro-pores and nanometer organic pores, which were conducive to the formation of complicated fissure network connecting the siliceous intergranular nano-pores, and thus high and stable production of shale gas.

Investigation of metalloporphyrins in Duri crude oil asphaltene fraction

Metalloporphyrins are a compound that leads the contaminant in catalytic cracking of crude oil. This study aims to investigate the metalloporphyrin in crude oil from Duri, Riau, Indonesia. The extraction process yielded maltene and asphaltene up to 71.87 % and 1.07%, respectively. Asphaltene fraction was extracted by soxhlet using methanol solvent. The separation of asphaltene fraction was perfomed by column chromatography using mixing of toluene: chloroform: methanol (5:5:1) eluents. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum of asphaltene indicated the presence of a pyrolle ring at 800 cm−1 in the fingerprint region as a porphyrin-formed group. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of methanol separation showed free porphyrin at 580 nm and metalloporphyrins at 500–700 nm. The Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES) qualitative analysis of asphaltene fraction showed the presence of vanadium, nickel, and iron. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis on asphaltene 15th fraction showed the presence of C34H39N4VO2 compound.