The elastoplastic properties of plasma-sprayed Cr3C2–NiCr coatings were obtained through the dimension analysis and inverse analysis by combining the experimental nanoindentation tests and numerical modeling. The digital image processing technique was used to extract the pore distribution inside the coatings based on the actual microstructure. Finally, the effect of pore distribution on the coating residual stress during nanoindentation process was analyzed through simulations. The anisotropic pore microstructure shows different mechanical responses and stress propagation behaviors during nanoindentation process. The elastic modulus of the coating demonstrates anisotropy along the spraying direction and the transverse directions due to the presence of pores.