CPI Index Research Articles

Oral and dental manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients receiving hemodialysis

The aim of this study was to examine the dental condition and oral manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. A total of 128 patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy were classified into the diabetic and nondiabetic groups and examined for uremic oral manifestations, dental caries, and the periodontal status. All the patients received predialytic salivary pH examination. In the diabetic group, the correlation between oral findings and glycemic controlled levels, which was collected based on Hb A1C values, were further studied. The diabetic group exhibited significantly higher prevalence of caries and more severe dry mouth, taste change, and mucosa pain than the nondiabetic group. The diabetic group tended to have lower predialytic salivary pH, and patients with poor glycemic control (ie, Hb A1C > 9%) showed higher incidence of dry mouth, mucosal pain, and tongue coating. However, the DMFT and CPI index were not associated with glycemic control in the diabetic group. This study reveals that diabetic uremic patients undergoing maintained hemodialysis exhibited a potentially higher risk for dental decay and xerostomia. Lower salivary pH and poor glycemic control may affect oral manifestations. Further research is needed to clarify the combined influence of diabetic nephropathy on oral health.

Monetary Transmission in Poland: Some Evidence on Interest Rate and Credit Channels

In the paper we show the macroeconomic effects of a monetary policy shock using both recursive and non-recursive SVAR decomposition. We find that the responsiveness of the CPI index and output in Poland is smaller and slower than in the euro zone. Using panel data we check how bank-specific characteristics affect operation of the lending channel. In contrast to the results for the euro area the degree of liquidity of an average bank seems not to work in a way predicted by the literature. Credit channel seems to operate rather through the degree of capitalisation and bank's size. A plausible reason is the structural overliquidity of the banking sector. On the other hand, the pass-through from the market interest rates to the loan and deposit rates is in general not slower than in the euro zone.

Investigating the Balassa‐Samuelson hypothesis in the transition: Do we understand what we see? A panel study

This paper studies the Balassa‐Samuelson (B‐S) effect in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. We use time series and panel cointegration techniques and show that the B‐S effect works reasonably well in the transition economies under study during the period from 1991:Q1 to 2001:Q2. However, we find, that productivity growth does not fully translate into price increases because of the construction of the CPI indexes. We therefore argue that productivity growth will not hinder meeting the Maastricht criterion on inflation in the medium term. In addition, the observed appreciation of the CPI‐deflated real exchange rate is found to be systematically higher compared with the real appreciation the B‐S effect could justify, especially in the cases of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. This can be partly explained by the trend appreciation of the tradable price‐based real exchange rate, increases in non‐tradable prices due to price liberalization and demand‐side pressures and the evolution of the nominal exchange rate determined by the nature of the exchange rate regime and the magnitude of capital inflows.JEL classification: E31, F31, O11, P17,

A further interpretation of Friedman’s hypothesis: the cointegration of component CPI indexes

This study extends the Friedman (1977) [Friedman, M., 1977. Nobel lecture: inflation and unemployment, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 12, 231–254] hypothesis regarding inflation means and variances to show that high inflation is also associated with greater divergence of component inflation indexes over time. This finding follows Friedman’s reasoning involving inflation uncertainty and time-lagged adjustments.

Chemical characteristics of liptinite macerals in humic and sapropelic coals

According to previous studies alginite does not occur in humic coals. However, in coals from the Saar District, F.R. Germany, alginite was identified by fluorescencemicroscopy. In addition, high amounts of an undeterminable liptinite maceral were found and tentatively explained as an alteration product of alginite. Therefore, organic geochemical methods were used to characterize and identify this unknown liptinite maceral. Organic geochemical parameters such as CPI, pristane/phytane ratio and methylphenanthrene index, show not only a dependence from coal rank but also yield additional information about the type of organic matter input and the depositional environment of the coals. A series of coals of different origins around 0.8% vitrinite reflectance were investigated, to determine how far the geochemical parameters reflect change in facies. The samples included cannel, boghead and resinite-rich coals, as well as isolated durain bands. With increasing amounts of alginite in the coal, the CPI, pristane/phytane- and C 4-naphthalene/phenanthrene ratios of the extracts decrease. As illustrated by two representatives samples, some resinite- and sporinite-rich coals show a primarily naphthalene derived aromatic composition, whereas some alginite-rich coals of the same rank show phenanthrene and its derivatives to be dominant. With respect to technological properties most coals from the Saar District correspond with a higher rank than indicated by reflectance measurements. Those coals in general show lower values of the aforementioned ratios in comparison with Ruhr coals of similar vitrinite reflectance values.

The infestation of children with dental caries in the foci of endemic goiter

In order to clarify the effect of endemic goiter on the prevalence of dental caries, 1101 schoolchildren aged 14-17 years with a permanent bite formed in the goiter-endemic areas of the Tatar ASSR were examined. The dentist determined the CPI index, the endocrinologist determined the degree of enlargement of the thyroid gland, the presence of nodes in it. The material obtained after the examination is presented in the table.

An Empirical Evaluation of the CPI Home Purchase Index, 1973–1978

This paper examines the accuracy of the home purchase component of the Consumer Price Index. Alternative monthly index series are simulated over the period 1973–1978 using FHA Master Statistical File data. Hedonic indexes derived from monthly regressions are compared to series constructed by the current CPI index method, which utilizes only age and size of house in correcting for intertemporal quality change. Of particular interest is the BLS practice of “linking out” price changes occurring when FHA raises its ceiling on the size of insurable mortgages. This procedure may have led to a significant downward bias in the official index.

A comparison of the CPI, Franck, MMPI, and WAIS Masculinity-Femininity indexes.

A comparison of the CPI, Franck, MMPI, and WAIS Masculinity-Femininity indexes.