Application Of Cow Manure Research Articles

Impact of cow manure application as soil amendment on essential oil composition and metal contents in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill)

The natural resources and agriculture ecosystem are adversely damaged due to the fast buildup of toxic pollutants such as radionuclide, organic contaminants and heavy metals emitted from industries and other anthropogenic activities. A polyhouse experiment was conducted to assess the capability of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) to remediate a metal contaminated soil, collected from Moradabad (a hub of electroplating industries), by the application of different levels of cow manure. Metal analysis of root and aerial parts was performed using AAS and essential oil composition by GC and GC/MS. The results revealed that the use of cow manure at 52 t ha-1 gave highest plant growth and oil yield. Limonene, trans-anethole and dillapiole were the major constituents among all the amendments. The highest content of trans-anethole (56.05%) was noticed at 52 t ha-1. The addition of cow manure reduced Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr concentration in plant tissues. Maximum reduction was found at 104 t ha-1. Cr showed highest BCF at 0 t ha-1, while Cu showed lowest BCF at 104 t ha-1. Therefore, cow manure use in the metal contaminated soils had favourable impact on the growth characters and essential oil composition of fennel.

The Effect of Cow Manure and Cow Dung Biochar Application on P Available and Growth of Corn Plants in Ultisol

Cow manure and cow dung biochar have great potential in increasing P available in Ultisol soil. The application of cow manure and cow dung biochar on P available and the growth of corn plants in Ultisol soil was done to compare the effect between the two treatments. This research used a non-factorial randomized block design with 7 treatments, namely: control, 3 levels of cow manure with a dose of 5, 10, and 15 tons/ha, and 3 levels of cow dung biochar with a dose of 5, 10, 15 tons/ha and 4 blocks. The parameters measured were H2O pH, P available, P total, Al-dd, C organic, plant height, canopy dry weight, and plant P uptake. The research results showed that the application of cow manure and cow dung biochar was able to increase H2O pH, P available, P total, C organic, plant height, canopy dry weight, plant P uptake, and was able to reduce the Al-dd in Ultisol soil. Cow dung biochar was better in increasing H2O pH, P available and P total of Ultisol compared to cow manure.

Assessing the potential availability of selenium in the soil-plant system with manure application using diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT) and DOM-Se fractions extracted by selective extractions

Knowledge of the Se fractionation and the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil is the key to understanding Se mobility and its bioavailability in the soil-plant system. In this study, single extractions using phosphate-buffer (PBS), sequential extraction procedures (SEP), and diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) were used to measure Se bioavailability in soil supplemented with selenite and organic amendment (cow and chicken manures). Selenium fraction was isolated into DOM-Se fractions, such as hydrophilic acid-bound Se (HY-Se), fulvic acid-bound Se (FA-Se), humic acid-bound Se (HA-Se), and hydrophobic organic neutral-bound Se (HON-Se), by a rapid batch technique using XAD-8 resin (AMBERLITE XAD™, USA). Simultaneous application of either cow or chicken manure with selenite could result in the decrease of Se availability in the soil. Isolating Se available fraction into DOM-Se fractions showed that low-molecular-weight DOM-Se as an available fraction and even HY-Se as a less available fraction (OM-Se) were likely the major sources for Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss uptake in soil. Moreover, knowledge of the DOM-Se composition, especially the low-molecular-weight DOM-Se fractions, is important for assessing the bioavailability of Se in soil, the results of which are more accurate than the chemical extraction method. The high value of Pearson correlation coefficients between CDGT-Se and Se concentrations in shoots, tubers and roots of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss in cow and chicken manures treatment were 0.95 and 0.99, 0.96 and 0,96, and 0.89 and 0.97 (p < 0,05), respectively, indicating that DGT-Se can reflect the Se uptake ability by plants and can be used to predict the bioavailability of Se when manure and selenite are simultaneously applied.

Effect of Cow Manure and Atonic on Spinach (Amaranthus spp.) Production in Dry Land

East Nusa Tenggara is dominated by dry land which has the potential for the development of horticultural crops. Horticultural plants that are widely cultivated by the community are spinach. However, in reality, spinach production in this province is still fluctuating, this is due to the low knowledge of farmers about providing proper nutrition for plant growth and development. For this reason, this study aims to determine the production of spinach in dry land due to cow manure and atonic application. This research was conducted in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Teachers Association 1945. The design used was a factorial randomized block design (RBD), which consisted of 2 factors: factor I: cow manure and factor II: growth stimulant (atonic). The results obtained were: The application of cow manure and atonic manure to spinach on dry land had a very significant effect on plant height (7,55 -F hitung&gt; 4,77-F Tabel), number of leaves (10.85-F hitung&gt; 4,77-F Tabel), fresh weight (13,98-F hitung) &gt; 4,77-F Tabel) and dry weight (6,44 -F hitung) &gt; 4,77 -F Tabel).

Cow manure application effectively regulates the soil bacterial community in tea plantation

BackgroundCow manure is not only an agricultural waste, but also an organic fertilizer resource. The application of organic fertilizer is a feasible practice to mitigate the soil degradation caused by overuse of chemical fertilizers, which can affect the bacterial diversity and community composition in soils. However, to our knowledge, the information about the soil bacterial diversity and composition in tea plantation applied with cow manure fertilization was limited. In this study, we performed one field trial to research the response of the soil bacterial community to cow manure fertilization compared with urea fertilization using the high-throughput sequencing technique of 16S rRNA genes, and analyzed the relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil characteristics during different tea-picking seasons using the Spearman’s rank correlation analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the soil bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria across all tea-picking seasons. Therein, there were significant differences of bacterial communities in soils with cow manure fertilization (CMF) and urea fertilization (UF) in three seasons: the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in CMF was significantly higher than that in UF and CK in spring, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in CMF was significantly higher than that in UF and CK in autumn. So, the distribution of the dominant phyla was mainly affected by cow manure fertilization. The diversity of bacterial communities in soils with cow manure fertilization was higher than that in soils with urea fertilization, and was the highest in summer. Moreover, soil pH, OM and AK were important environmental properties affecting the soil bacterial community structure in tea plantation.ConclusionsAlthough different fertilizers and seasons affect the diversity and structure of soil microorganisms, the application of cow manure can not only improve the diversity of soil bacteria, but also effectively regulate the structure of soil bacterial community in tea plantation. So, cow manure fertilization is more suitable for tea plantation.

Application of Cow Manure and Trichoderma sp. on Ex-mining Land to Improve Soil Chemical Properties and Fragrant Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Growth

Ex-mining land has low productivity due to poor soil quality. One way to improve the quality of the soil is by providing organic materials, soil microbes, and plants that are known to be adaptive, such as fragrant lemongrass. The study aimed to determine the effect of the use of manure and Trichoderma sp. in improving soil chemical properties on ex-mining land. This research was conducted in Nagari Pala Luar, Koto Tujuh District, Sijunjung, and the Soil Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Andalas. The design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 treatments (A = control / without cow manure and Trichoderma, B = 144 g cow manure + 14.4 gr Trichoderma sp. / planting hole, C = 288 g cow manure + 28, 8 gr Trichoderma sp. / planting hole, D = 432 g cow manure + 43.2 gr Trichoderma sp. / planting hole, E = 576 g cow manure + 57.6 g Trichoderma sp. / planting hole) and 3 replications. The results showed the use of cow manure and Trichoderma sp. able to increase nutrient content and of fragrant lemongrass growth in ex-mining land by giving 432 g cow manure + 43.2 gr Trichoderma sp. / planting hole.

Variation in yield components and bioactive contents of black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa L.) with application of animal manures in ultisol lowland of Bengkulu

Black cumin (Nigella sativa L) is known as herbal medicine that grows in subtropical regions and spreads from Asia to Europe. Plant parts that are used are seeds that contain bioactive compounds such as thymoquinone and thymol. Information about the growth and production from Indonesia is still limited. Therefore it is necessary to develop efforts to cultivate black cumin in Indonesia, especially in sub-optimal land as initial information in the field of plant adaptation studies. This study aimed to determine the effect of manure on yield components and bioactive content of black cumin in the ultisol lowland of Bengkulu. The study was conducted at Dehasen Bengkulu University research station at an altitude below 100 m above sea level. The accessions of India, Syria, and Kuwait were used at the main plot, whereas media for growing viz cow manure, chicken manure, and without manure as a subplot. The study was conducted in February 2019 using the Split Plot Design with three replications. Observations were made on the components of yields and bioactive levels of seeds. The results showed that the application of chicken manure increased the components of the yield of black cumin seed by parameter number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, and number of seeds per plant and tended to reduce the weight of 1000 seeds. An increasing level of thymoquinone in the cultivation of black cumin in ultisol lowland of Bengkulu was obtained in the cow manure application. The increased levels of seed thymoquinone were accompanied by decreased levels of thymol for all accession used.

Application of Cow Manure, Urea and NPK Fertilizer Combination on the Growth of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) in Pre-Nursery

Seedling performance is a prerequisite for successful palm oil cultivation. Determining the growth of seedlings in addition to genetic factors can also be influenced by the provision of nutrients at the beginning of growth. This research was conducted with the aim to get the best combination of cow manure with urea and NPK on the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre-nursery. This experiment used a factorial design, consisting of a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), which is a combined application of cow manure, urea fertilizer and NPK fertilizer consisting of 4 combination levels (0.4 g urea + 0.4 g NPK; 0.2 g urea + cow manure fertilizer, 0.2 g NPK + cow manure fertilizer, and 65 g cow manure fertilizer). Research data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. The results showed that administration of a combination of 0.2 g urea + 40 g cow manure produced the best growth of oil palm seedlings, although it had the same effect as a combination of 0.4 g NPK fertilizer + 50 g cow manure, whereas the combination treatment of 0.4 g urea + 0.4 g NPK fertilizer and 65 g cow manure treatment resulted in lower growth of oil palm seedlings.

Application of Cow Manure, Urea and NPK Fertilizer Combination on the Growth of Palm Oil (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) in Pre-Nursery

Seedling performance is a prerequisite for successful palm oil cultivation. Determining the growth of seedlings in addition to genetic factors can also be influenced by the provision of nutrients at the beginning of growth. This research was conducted with the aim to get the best combination of cow manure with urea and NPK on the growth of oil palm seedlings in pre-nursery. This experiment used a factorial design, consisting of a single factor arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD), which is a combined application of cow manure, urea fertilizer and NPK fertilizer consisting of 4 combination levels (0.4 g urea + 0.4 g NPK; 0.2 g urea + cow manure fertilizer, 0.2 g NPK + cow manure fertilizer, and 65 g cow manure fertilizer). Research data was analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. The results showed that administration of a combination of 0.2 g urea + 40 g cow manure produced the best growth of oil palm seedlings, although it had the same effect as a combination of 0.4 g NPK fertilizer + 50 g cow manure, whereas the combination treatment of 0.4 g urea + 0.4 g NPK fertilizer and 65 g cow manure treatment resulted in lower growth of oil palm seedlings.

Soil phosphorus availability modifies the relationship between AM fungal diversity and mycorrhizal benefits to maize in an agricultural soil

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are very abundant in many agricultural soils and are important in increasing and maintaining the sustainability of agricultural systems. However, high soil fertility, especially high available soil phosphorus (P) status, often limits AM fungal development in intensively managed agricultural systems and results in the C-costs to the host plant outweighing any benefits from AM colonization. Some promising approaches can minimize negative effects on soil biota while providing the desired agricultural benefits (e.g. reduced soil tillage and organic amendments). However, the influence of these agricultural practices on the benefits of root mutualistic associations remains poorly understood. Here, we collected indigenous AM fungi from a long-term field experiment with different application rates of cow manure and conducted a pot experiment with different soil P levels. Using high throughput sequencing we demonstrate that increasing cow manure application changed the community composition of AM fungi and reduced community diversity in the field. Phosphorus addition in a bioassay experiment produced a mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and the mycorrhizal P response (MPR) shifted from positive to negative, regardless of the origin of the inoculum. An increase in intraradical and extraradical AM fungal structures enhanced maize shoot biomass and P uptake under low (no P added) and moderate (20 mg P added kg−1 soil) P levels but the opposite occurred at a high P level (250 mg P added kg−1 soil). The MGR was higher in the treatment with higher community diversity at the moderate P level but there was no significant correlation at the other two P levels examined. We conclude that available soil P may regulate the abundance and diversity of AM fungi and their symbiotic function in intensive cropping systems. Our results indicate that managing the soil phosphorus level to favor a rich and diverse AM fungal community can enhance crop production and result in a more sustainable agricultural system.

Application of Cow Manure at different Height of Mound to Increase Sweet Potato potatoes Productivity

Lack of soil fertility and improper cultivation systems will reduce the productivity of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) significantly. Effort to increase the productivity of sweet potato can be achieved by administering of cow dung and managing the height of mounds to support the crops growth and development. The experiment was arranged as factorialized block design, consisted of 2 factors, namely cow dung with (5, 10 and and 15 tons ha-1) and. mound height (20, 30 and 40 cm). The observed parameters were the length of the main stem, number of leaves, number of tendrils, and diameter of sweet potato, weight of sweet potato planted, weight of sweet potato per plot, economical and uneconomical yield of sweet potato.Different dosage of organic manure or mound height resulted the same yield components and the yield of commercially of sweet potatoes. The highest of tuber weight per plant was obtained by the application of 15 ton ha−1 organic. This finding conclude that the application 15 ton ha-1 of organic manure and 20 cm of mound height could be adopted for sweet potatoes cultivation.

Effects of organic fertilizer applied using the estimated mineralizable nitrogen method on nitrogen uptake, growth characteristics, yield, and yield components of Genkitsukushi rice (Oryza sativa)

The nitrogen (N) uptake, growth characteristics, and yield of the Genkitsukushi rice variety were evaluated over 2 years (2017 and 2018) of field experiments involving the application of poultry manure (PM), cow manure (CM), and compost (CP). Organic fertilizers were quantified as the estimated-mineralizable-nitrogen (EMN) based on the total N content. Compared with chemical fertilizer (CF100), CF50PM50 resulted in greater growth characters, N uptake, dry matter, and yield in both years. The PM (total N > 4%) had a higher N mineralization, a greater N availability to rice and thus, a greater contribution to yield. More N was available from CM and CP containing ∼2% of total N in the second year. In conclusion, an organic fertilizer with a higher total N (>4%) was compatible with the EMN method and let to increase N availability and yield of Genkitsukushi japonica rice.

Increased growth and production of irrigated rice by providing cow organic manure and NPK compound fertilizers with planting systems Jajar Legowo 4:1 in the Village of Tanjung Keriahan, Langkat Regency, North Sumatera

Until now the average national rice production that can be achieved is around 4-5 tons/ha. To increase production that can be achieved above the national average, new efforts in agronomic technology are needed to overcome it. One of the efforts that can be done is to examine the utilization of organic cow manure and NPK fertilization with the Jajar Legowo 4: 1. The purpose of the study is to obtain the optimum dose of cow manure and NPK compound fertilizer with high rice production achievements. The study was conducted in the Irrigated Rice Region of Tanjung Keriahan Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. The study used Randomized Block Design with fertilizer treatment for organic materials in cow 4 levels of dosage: 0, 5, 10, 15 tons / ha and NPK compound fertilizer application with 5 treatment doses: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg / ha. The results showed that the growth and development of rice plants Mekongga variety that were studied were best shown in the giving of 15 tons/ha of cow manure and NPK fertilizer application of 400 kg/ha.

Effect of salted fish waste and cow manure on NPK availability and uptake of lowland rice on peat soil in Pelalawan Riau

The low yield of rice in thick peat can be overcome by provisioning complete nutrients. Various efforts have been made to increase the productivity of Indonesian peatlands, one of which is by adding salted fish waste and cow manure. This research was carried out on a plastic house scale from October 2017 to January 15, 2018, in Pelalawan District, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. This research was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of eight treatments, namely L0 = Control, L1 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L2 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste, L3 = 7 tons/ha of cow manure, L4 = 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L5 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L6 = 1.5 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, L7 = 2. 25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 7 ton.ha-1 of cow manure, and L8 = 2.25 ton.ha-1 of fish waste + 15 ton.ha-1 of cow manure. The results showed that the application of cow manure and salted fish waste could increase soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake. The application of 2.25 tons/ha of fish waste and 15 tons/ha of cow manure resulted the best results in soil pH, total NPK, and NPK uptake, therefore it is recommended for the cultivation of lowland rice on peat soil.

Effects of biochar and cow manure on soil chemical properties and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yields in entisol

Availability of agricultural land is an important factor in ensuring food availability. Dryland such as Entisol has been used as an alternative for agricultural activities. Efforts to improve soil fertility on dryland can be done through the application of biochar and cow manure as soil amendments. This research was carried out on Entisoldryland located in the experimental site of The ACIAR Project, UniversitasSyiahKuala from April to September 2018. The study used a non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments weresoil amendments of rice husk and cocopeatbiochars, each was combined with cow manure. The doses used were 0 t ha−1 and 10 t ha−1 for each type of biochar, while cow manure was given at the doses of 0 t ha−1; 10 t ha−1; and 20 t ha−1. After the application of biochar and cow manure, the experimental land was planted with peanuts. The results showed that the application of biochar and cow manure were able to increase soil pH, organic C, total N, C:N ratio, available-P, and exchangeable-K. Both types of soil amendments were also able to give a significant result on the weight of peanut seeds, and increase the potential yield of peanuts by 3,96 t ha−1. A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.

Microbial resistance promotes plant production in a four-decade nutrient fertilization experiment

There is a current lack of mechanistic understanding on the relationships between a soil microbial community, crop production, and nutrient fertilization. Here, we combined ecological network theory with ecological resistance index to evaluate the responses of microbial community to additions of multiple inorganic and organic fertilizers, and their associations with wheat production in a 35-year field experiment. We found that microbial phylotypes were grouped into four major ecological clusters, which contained a certain proportions of fast-growers, copiotrophic groups, and potential plant pathogens. The application of combined inorganic fertilizers and cow manure led to the most resistant (less responsive) microbial community, which was associated with the highest levels of plant production, nutrient availability, and the lowest relative abundance of potential fungal plant pathogens after 35 years of nutrient fertilization. In contrast, microbial community was highly responsive (low resistance) to inorganic fertilization alone or plus wheat straw, which was associated with lower crop production, nutrient availability, and higher abundance of potential fungal plant pathogens. Our work demonstrates that the response of microbial community to long-term nutrient fertilizations largely regulates plant production in agricultural ecosystems, and suggests that manipulating these microbial phylotypes may offer a sustainable solution to the maintenance of field productivity under long-term nutrient fertilization scenarios.

The Growth of FHIA-17 Banana Seedlings with Application of Hijauan Paitan Fertilizer (Titonia diversifolia) and Cow Manure

Growth of FHIA-17 Banana Seedlings with the Application of Hijauan Paitan Fertilizer (Titonia Diversifolia) and Cow Manure. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the growth of FHIA-17 banana seedlings after application of T.diversifolia forage and cow manure. Using a factorial Randomized Block Design (CRD) with two treatment factors. The first factor is the forage dose of T. diversifolia (P) with 5 levels, P0=Control; P1=12.5 g kg-1 planting medium (equivalent to 5 tons ha-1); P2=25 g kg-1 planting medium (equivalent to 10 tons ha-1); P3=37.5 g / kg of planting media (equivalent to 15 tons ha-1); P4=50 g kg-1 of growing media (equivalent to 20 tons ha-1). The second factor is the dose of cow manure (K) with 5 treatment levels namely, K0=Control; P1=12.5 g kg-1 of growing media (equivalent to 5 tons ha-1); K2=25 g kg-1 of growing media (equivalent to 10 tons ha-1); K3= 37.5 g kg-1 of growing media (equivalent to 15 tons ha-1); K4=50 g kg-1 planting medium (equivalent to 20 tons ha-1 and repeated 2 (two) times. Observed parameters were plant height (cm), number of leaves, stem circumference (mm), plant wet weight (g), plant dry weight (g). The results of this study indicate that the application of forage T. diversifolia significantly affected plant height and number of leaves. It’s not real with respect to all observational parameters.

Effect of Sawdust Biochar and Cow Manure Application on Soil Fertility at Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Land

The low available nutrient and C-organic cause dryland has a low fertility rate. Biochar and manure application in agricultural cultivation must be reviewed further in order to obtain an effective and applicable way to increase production yields and to improve soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of sawdust biochar and cow manure on soil fertility in peanut land. This includes two types of soil amendment made from locally available raw materials (sawdust biochar and cow manure). Data analysis was conducted by using Randomized Block Design with factorial 3 x 3 and 3 replications. First factor was sawdust biochar (0 t/ha; 2.5 t/ha; and 5 t/ha). Second factor was cow manure (0 t/ha; 2.5 t/ha; and 5 t/ha). Soil samples were analysis on 45 days after planting and the observed variables were : (1) C Organic; (2) Total N; (3) C/N ratio; and (4) soil pH. The sawdust biochar application has a significant effect on C-Organic and soil pH. The best biochar application was 2.5 t/ha. Cow manure application has not significant effect on C-Organic, Total N, C/N ratio, and soil pH.

The effect of tillage systems and dosages of cow manure on weed and soybeans yield (Glycine max, Merrill)

A field experiment to elucidate the effect of tillage systems and dosages of cow manure on weed and soybeans yield ( Glycine max, Merrill) was conducted at the Agrotechno Park of the University of Brawijaya in Jatikerto, Malang, from May to July 2017. The experiment used a split-plot design with 3 replications. The main plot was the tillage systems, with 3 levels: T0= No-tillage, T1= Minimum tillage, and T2 = Conventional tillage. The subplot was the dosages of cow manure, with 3 levels: P1= 2.5 t cow manure/ha, P2 = 5 t cow manure/ha, and P3 = 7.5 t cow manure/ha. Results of experiment showed that dry weight of weed was higher at no-tillage systems and at dosages of 7.5 t cow manure/ha. Growth and yield of soybean were lower at no-tillage compared with conventional tillage systems. Application of cow manure with dosages of 5 t/ha and 7.5 t/ha was better than 2.5 t/ha for growth and yield of soybean.

Leaf Production Responses of Lampeni (Ardisia humilis Vahl.) to Types and Rates of Manure Application

Ardisia humilis (Myrsinaceae), known as Lampeni (in Indonesia), is part of the wild flora in Southeast Asia and is known as a weed in some countries. The leaf has medicinal properties for some diseases. The leaves and fruit of this plant are believed to be a treatment for tuberculosis, lung disease, hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, and menstrual irregularities in women. Research into the cultivation of Lampeni is needed to support its usage in Indonesia. The objectives of the research reported here were to find the types and rates of manure to promote leaf production. An experiment was carried out at IPB Experimental Station, Cikarawang Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia, from December to June 2016. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with manure types (chicken and cow manure) as main plots and application rates (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1) as sub-plots. The results of the experiment showed that vegetative growth increased with manure application. Total branch number, LAI, leaf fresh and dry weight were higher with 15 t.ha-1 chicken manure or 5 t.ha-1 cow manure application. Leaf analysis showed that pigment concentration responded negatively to increasing manure application and the highest pigment concentration was found on the plants without manure application.