COVID-19 Outbreak Research Articles

Cybersecurity and geopolitical dimensions of external information interventions in Ukraine: Analysis of current trends

Introduction: From the year 2019, the country has experienced a series of cyber incidents affecting its key areas of infrastructure such as energy, finance, communication, government, healthcare, and technology. Purpose: This work aims to define and explain the contemporary threats in the sphere of cyber security, as well as the geopolitical aspect of external interference in Ukraine’s information space for the years 2019-2024. Method: Sources used to gather data for this research were government and cybersecurity firm reports, academic articles, news articles from reliable media houses, and social media listening tools. Quantitative data collected by statistical tools analyzed the trend as well as the intensity of cyber threats. They also included specific case exhibits as well as interviews with the experts to get more information. Results: The study indicated that there will be improved and more frequent attacks and that these will be more complex from 2019 to 2024 in Ukraine. It caused moderate disruption to the key sectors but the disruptions were especially noticed in sectors such as energy, finance, communication, government, healthcare, and technology. Conflict events in Donbas, the COVID-19 outbreak, the enhancement of military tensions, and the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 were associated with increases in the level of cyber efforts. Conclusion: The conclusion points out that Ukraine needs effective international cooperation, the highest level of technological protection, and profound geopolitical analysis to safeguard cyberspace and prevent conflicts in Eastern Europe

Exploring the characteristics changes of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with acute coronary syndrome after PCI before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To investigate the changes in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) characteristics before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included ACS patients who underwent PCI at the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command from July 2018 to February 2023. Based on the timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients were divided into two groups: the pre-pandemic group and the during-pandemic group, with January 2020 as the dividing line. Clinical data were collected from both groups, and a comparative analysis was performed on their postoperative CPET outcomes, including peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2), peak metabolic equivalents (peak MET), and other indicators. Weber's classification was used to assess cardiac function. In addition, the 7-tiem generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the patients' psychological anxiety and depression states, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of CPET after PCI. Results: A total of 4 310 post-PCI ACS patients were included, with an average age of (58.7±9.1) years, and 3 464 (80.37%) were male. There were 1 698 patients in the pre-pandemic group and 2 612 patients in the during-pandemic group. The main indicator of the CPET, peak VO2 (15.04±3.93) ml·min-1·kg-1 in the during-pandemic group, was lower than that in the pre-pandemic group (15.52±3.68) ml·min-1·kg-1, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, female gender, high body mass index, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, history of myocardial infarction, more severe ACS classification, and mild to moderate degree of depression were related to poor cardiopulmonary outcomes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the cardiopulmonary outcomes of ACS patients after PCI. Reduced physical activity, and increased psychological stress should be given consideration and attention regarding their impact on patients' cardiopulmonary function.

The Fear of COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Couples' Relationship and Sexual Quality of Life Female: A Study from Iran

Background: The enduring COVID-19 pandemic has implications for the sexual wellbeing of diverse populations, notably women. This worldwide emergency persists in affecting daily routines of individuals, as research indicates that alterations in lifestyle and imposed limitations are linked to mental health challenges. Aim: The objective of this research is to examine the interpersonal dynamics of couples and the sexual well-being of women in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional research involved 395 female participants who utilized Google Forms to complete online questionnaires in Iran from November 2022 to December 2022. The data collection instruments comprised the Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Relationship Rating Scale (RAS), and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Statistical analyses employed in the study included independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, and Univariate and Multiple linear regression. Results: The average age of female participants in the study was 31.97 years, with a standard deviation of 9.04. The mean scores for sexual quality of life among women were 64.82 with a standard deviation of 11.93, 18.28 with a standard deviation of 4.48 for DASS, 22.48 with a standard deviation of 4.30 for RAS, and 12.88 with a standard deviation of 3.93 for fear of COVID-19 scale. Univariate linear regression analysis indicated a significant association between the quality of sexual life and fear of COVID-19 (P = 0.001), DASS (P = 0.001), and RAS (P = 0.007). The study found a noteworthy and negative impact of fear related to COVID-19 and DASS on the sexual quality of life of women (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The anxiety stemming from the COVID-19 outbreak seems to have repercussions on the dynamics of romantic partnerships and the sexual well-being of women. Furthermore, the pandemic is associated with heightened levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. It is recommended that further research be undertaken to explore the mental health of women and its implications on their sexual experiences in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis.

Workplace Violence and Burnout among Health Workers Two Years after the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan, China: The Chain Mediation Effect of Sleep Disturbance and Work Ability.

Health workers (HWs) faced considerable psychosocial hazards during the COVID-19 pandemic, which profoundly affected their occupational health and job performance. The potential indirect relationship between workplace violence (WPV) and burnout among HWs needs to be further explored. The purpose of this study is to examine the chain mediating effects of sleep disturbance and work ability in the relationship between WPV and burnout among HWs. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a secondary hospital two years after the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. A sample of 571 HWs was recruited using a cluster sampling method, achieving a response rate of 80.06%. Participants completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic information and measures of WPV, burnout, sleep disturbance, and work ability. The prevalence rates of burnout and WPV among HWs two years after the COVID-19 outbreak were 37.30% and 31.52%, respectively. WPV was significantly associated with burnout (β = 0.446, p < 0.001). Sleep disturbance was identified as a mediator in the relationship between WPV and burnout (β = 0.063, 95% CI: 0.027-0.105), accounting for 14.13% of the total effect. Similarly, work ability also played a mediating role in this relationship (β = 0.142, 95% CI: 0.065-0.225), accounting for 31.84%. Additionally, both sleep disturbance and work ability exhibited a chain mediation effect on the association between WPV and burnout (β = 0.020, 95% CI: 0.008-0.036), and the total indirect effect accounted for 50.67%. Among Chinese HWs, WPV exerts significant direct and indirect effects on burnout symptoms, mediated by sleep disturbance and work ability. This finding provides valuable empirical insights for designing interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of psychosocial factors such as WPV and burnout among HWs. After exposure to WPV, measures focused on reducing sleep disturbance and enhancing work ability may prove effective in alleviating burnout in subsequent interventions.

Sustainability indices nexus: Green economy, ESG, environment and clean energy

In this article, we examine the spillover effects and connectedness among four prominent sustainability-related indices. We analyze daily data spanning from August 8, 2014, to April 12, 2023, to explore the interrelationships among the Green Economy Index, the World Environmental, Social, and Governance Index, the Global Environment Index and the Global Clean Energy Index. Particularly, we observe a clustering characteristic where both the Green Economy Index and the World Environmental, Social, and Governance Index exhibit a net-contributing behavior, especially during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Global Environment Index, on the other hand, exhibits a net-receiving role, which became strong during the COVID-19 outbreak. Further, the Global Clean Energy Index demonstrates a neutral role, although it shows a net-receiving trend after the year 2022. Finally, dynamic analysis confirms the evolving nature of these interconnectedness measures, highlighting their sensitivity to events and shifting economic conditions over time.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Imposed by Fully-vaccinated Air Travelers Attending an Island-confined Quarantine System Enabling Tourism During the Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

This study aimed to identify the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among fully vaccinated air travelers participating in an island-confined quarantine system (Phuket Sandbox Program). It also compared the differential risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different COVID-19 vaccines and the difference in time-to-detection periods between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases. This retrospective cohort study determined the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among 63,052 air travelers who participated in a quarantine program from July 1 to October 31, 2021. Using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, we estimated the relative risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different brands and types of COVID-19 vaccines, adjusting for relevant covariates. We visualized the time-to-detection periods for SARS-CoV-2 infection using Kaplan-Meier failure curves and compared these curves for asymptomatic and symptomatic travelers using the log-rank test. The overall incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 0.3%. Individuals vaccinated with Ad26.COV2.S, Gam-COVID-Vac, CoronaVac, and replicating viral vector vaccines faced a significantly higher risk of infection than those who received the BNT162b2 and mRNA vaccines. The time-to-detection periods for asymptomatic and symptomatic cases did not differ significantly. Despite the relatively low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a risk of breakthrough cases remained with certain vaccines. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic cases, quarantine and intermittent testing should be implemented. The mandatory quarantine system proved effective in managing positive cases without necessitating a complete shutdown of travel. Implementing an island quarantine could be a viable strategy for reintroducing travel and tourism during a future COVID-19 outbreak or a new pandemic.

Substance use and help seeking as coping behaviors among parents and unpaid caregivers of adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, caregiving responsibilities may have been associated with increased substance use. Objectives: To characterize substance use to cope with stress and willingness to seek help among (i) parents, (ii) unpaid caregivers of adults, and (iii) parent-caregivers. Methods: Data were analyzed for 10,444 non-probabilistic internet-based survey respondents of the COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) initiative (5227 females, 5217 males). Questions included new or increased substance use, substance use in the past 30 days to cope, insomnia, mental health, and willingness to seek help. Results: Nearly 20% of parents and unpaid caregivers of adults each reported new or increased use of substances to cope with stress or emotions; 65.4% of parent-caregivers endorsed this response. Compared to non-caregivers, all caregiver groups had higher odds of new or increased use of substances, with parent-caregivers showing the largest effect size (aOR: 7.19 (5.87–8.83), p < .001). Parent-caregivers had four times the adjusted odds of using drugs other than cannabis (aOR: 4.01 (3.15–5.09), p < .001) compared to non-caregivers. Conclusions: Caregivers may initiate or increase substance use as a coping strategy when under stress. The higher odds of substance use underscores the importance of efforts to screen for sleep disturbances and adverse mental health symptoms, particularly among parent-caregivers. Clinicians may consider asking patients about family situations more broadly to help identify people who may be experiencing stress related to caregiving and, if indicated, offer treatment to potentially alleviate some of the risks.

A Phenomenological Exploration of Pandemic Experiences Among Individuals with a History of Depression

Depressive disorders are a common psychiatric illness affecting 12% of adults worldwide. This disorder represents a major problem for the general health of society and is the third leading cause of disability worldwide. In addition, the prevalence of depression appears to have increased worldwide following the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to find out what experiences people with depression have had in the era of Corona. Methods: The present research was a qualitative study using an interpretative phenomenological method. The number of research participants was nine. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed in three stages with open, selective and central coding. Results: After reviewing and analyzing the data, five major themes, 10 secondary themes, and 19 primary themes were identified. The main themes included fear of death and illness, conscious acceptance of reality and improvement of lifestyle, the extent of communication, confusion of the social structure of the family economy and the use of coping strategies. Conclusion: The outbreak of COVID-19 has brought with it other problems such as anxiety, tension and loneliness, in addition to the impact on lifestyle, activities, habits, interests and mental health, in addition to the recurrence of the disease in depressed people.

COVID 19: Political, Security and Religious Impacts on Nigerian Children

It is unfortunate that corruption and insecurity have affected all spheres of human endeavours in Nigeria. The recent outbreak of Covid-19 otherwise known as coronavirus has created a vacuum regarding its effects on the lives of the citizens in general and children in particular. The prime focus of this paper is to explore the political, security and religious impacts of Covid-19 specifically on the children. This paper analyzes the aforementioned factors of Covid-19 in connection with children as to address injustice against children in the country. This is necessary because children used to be given less attention in political decisions and many of them have been affected as a result of insecurity in different parts of the country. Hence, addressing various factors relating to Covid-19 explored in this paper may be instrumental in helping the children as minors as many international agencies have been trying to solve it. It is therefore suggested that various issues are addressed so that safety can be provided to the children by alienating the multifarious impacts of Covid-19 in the country.

COVID 19: Political, Security and Religious Impacts on Nigerian Children

It is unfortunate that corruption and insecurity have affected all spheres of human endeavours in Nigeria. The recent outbreak of Covid-19 otherwise known as coronavirus has created a vacuum regarding its effects on the lives of the citizens in general and children in particular. The prime focus of this paper is to explore the political, security and religious impacts of Covid-19 specifically on the children. This paper analyzes the aforementioned factors of Covid-19 in connection with children as to address injustice against children in the country. This is necessary because children used to be given less attention in political decisions and many of them have been affected as a result of insecurity in different parts of the country. Hence, addressing various factors relating to Covid-19 explored in this paper may be instrumental in helping the children as minors as many international agencies have been trying to solve it. It is therefore suggested that various issues are addressed so that safety can be provided to the children by alienating the multifarious impacts of Covid-19 in the country.

Mathematical modelling and transmission dynamic of SEIRVQD model for epidemic diseases

In this paper, we construct and formulate a new mathematical model for the spread of epidemic diseases with vaccination. The proposed model is composed of eight compartments, namely susceptible (S), exposed (E), infected (I), recovered (R), vaccinated (V ), quarantined (Q) and died (D). We prove the existence of a unique solution. Additionally, the region of the feasibility of the system and equilibrium points are presented. In order to indicate the level of viral invasion and demonstrate the ability of infection transmission, we calculate the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) by the next generation matrix method. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) concerning the fluctuations of the biological parameters of the presented model has been investigated. Finally, Numerical simulations are performed using MATLAB to illustrate and validate the efficiency of the proposed model and its accordance using real data for Chinese measles and Portugal's COVID-19 outbreaks.

SARS-CoV-2 burden on the floor was associated with COVID-19 cases and outbreaks in two acute care hospitals: a prospective cohort study

SARS-CoV-2 burden on the floor was associated with COVID-19 cases and outbreaks in two acute care hospitals: a prospective cohort study

Exploring Air Quality Dynamics and Predictive Modeling by Using Artificial Intelligence During COVID-19 Lock Down Over the Western Part of India

The lockdown period, initially imposed for three months due to the COVID-19 outbreak in India, was later prolonged. Air quality data from eight monitoring sites in Rajasthan was used to calculate the AQI according to the following parameters: Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH3), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), and Carbon monoxide (CO), dispersed throughout the state by CPCB. Among the chosen cities, the study found that the AQI percentage dropped the most in Alwar, by 35.6% between pre-lockdown and lockdown. Conversely, it rose the most in Jaipur, by 86.77% between lockdown and post-lockdown. Python deep learning was used to simulate the relationship between Air Quality Index and Air contamination in the study area. Air quality index values ranging from Good (0–50) to Severe (&gt;401) were used to create the AQI class categorization in Python. The study found that PM2.5 and PM10 had the strongest correlation. Metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were applied to assess the model on the datasets used for training and testing. Random forest, decision trees, and linear regression were worked to verify the precision of the prototype. The author used supervised learning techniques, such as decision tree (DT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), and random forest (RF), to determine the model's prediction. These findings suggest that urban areas are characterized by societal, commercial, and cultural aspects that contribute to similar discharge patterns and air quality issues. The study would be advantageous for authorities, as it is clearly apparent that reducing the sources of emissions can improve quality. This will set the stage for safeguarding and improving the environment.

An empirical study of job crafting and employees’ loyalty in the Nigerian healthcare system

Many factors have contributed to the continuous departure of workers from the Nigerian healthcare system since the COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the effect of job crafting on the loyalty of healthcare workers in public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. The study population was 11,084, comprising all the doctors and nurses in public hospitals in Lagos, with a sample size of 725 using the Morgan Sample Size Determination table. We collected primary data using a well-structured questionnaire and conducted analysis using structural equation modeling. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between job creation and healthcare workers' loyalty in the public healthcare system. This implies that job creation influences health care workers' loyalty. This study suggests that the management of the public healthcare system should encourage and support job crafting while also building and encouraging positive relationships among healthcare workers to ensure their loyalty and effective service delivery.

COVID-19 outbreaks in endangered Indigenous groups from the Amazonia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador: a retrospective cross-sectional study

COVID-19 outbreaks in endangered Indigenous groups from the Amazonia during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Narrating COVID and captivity in Italy: ‘no prison’ writings and the restorative potential of the penitentiary

Abstract Italy's prison overcrowding became world news in early March 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak sparked riots in prisons across the country, causing the death of 13 inmates. As a crisis narrative, the COVID-19 pandemic made visible the deep, ongoing crisis of Italy's prison system and disclosed new conditions for critical thought on the restorative potential of the penitentiary system. This article first describes the impact of COVID-19 on Adriano Sofri's ‘no prison’ writings, starting from his column in Il Foglio on the prison uprisings in March that followed the announcement of the anti-COVID measures; it subsequently analyses the Italian response to the pandemic from an internal, practitioner-led perspective. By offering both a dialectic and an immanent perspective, it aims to develop new ways of understanding the detention system and enhance the social credibility of the penitentiary system in Italy beyond the constraints of COVID and the emergency logic.

Strict Danes or relaxed Swedes? Comparing health and daily activities in Sweden and Denmark during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Amidst the Covid-19 outbreak in 2020, Denmark and Sweden adopted contrasting strategies despite their many cultural similarities. Denmark swiftly imposed strict governmental restrictions, while Sweden favoured a more gradual, voluntary approach. This study aims to analyse the disparities between the two nations in mental health indicators (depressive symptoms, sleep problems and loneliness), daily activities (shopping, going for a walk, visiting family and meeting other people) and medical care after the Covid-19 outbreak. Data from adults aged ⩾50 years in the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) wave 8 (2019/2020) and the two SHARE Covid-19 surveys (summer 2020/2021) were utilised. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed longitudinal and cross-sectional changes in Sweden and Denmark. Both countries witnessed reduced risk of depressive symptoms and sleep problems during summer 2020, albeit with a more significant decline in depressive symptoms observed in Denmark: 17.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.0-20.6) vs. 12.5% (95% CI 9.0-15.9). Swedish respondents were more likely to reduce their daily activities in the summer of 2020 (shopping: odds ratio (OR)=0.45, 95% CI 0.36-0.55; visit family: OR=0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.97) and less likely to have medical appointments postponed (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.46-2.28). Minimal differences were observed between Sweden and Denmark in mental health and daily activities during the pandemic. Despite significant disruption to their daily routines, Scandinavians aged ⩾50 years old demonstrate remarkable resilience.

Comparative analysis of aggregate and sectoral time-varying market efficiency in the Russian stock market during the COVID-19 outbreak and the Russia–Ukraine conflict (RUC)

PurposeThe primary purpose of this research is to identify and compare the multifractal behavior of different sectors during these crises and analyze their implications on market efficiency.Design/methodology/approachWe used multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) to analyze stock returns from various sectors of the Moscow Stock Exchange (MOEX) in between two significant periods. The COVID-19 pandemic (January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021) and the Russia–Ukraine conflict (RUC) (January 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023). This method witnesses multifractality in financial time series data and tests the persistency and efficiency levels of each sector to provide meaningful insights.FindingsResults showcased persistent multifractal behavior across all sectors in between the COVID-19 pandemic and the RUC, spotting heightened arbitrage opportunities in the MOEX. The pandemic reported a greater speculative behavior, with the telecommunication and oil and gas sectors exhibiting reduced efficiency, recommending abnormal return potential. In contrast, financials and metals and mining sectors displayed increased efficiency, witnessing strong economic performance. Findings may enhance understanding of market dynamics during crises and provide strategic insights for the MOEX’s investors.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the multifractal properties and efficiency of different sectors during crisis periods is of paramount importance for investors and policymakers. The identified arbitrage opportunities and efficiency variations can aid investors in optimizing their investment strategies during such critical market conditions. Policymakers can also leverage these insights to implement measures that bolster economic stability and development during crisis periods.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing a comprehensive analysis of multifractal properties and efficiency in the context of the MOEX during two major crises. The application of MF-DFA to sectoral stock returns during these events adds originality to the study. The findings offer valuable implications for practitioners, researchers and policymakers seeking to navigate financial markets during turbulent times and enhance overall market resilience.

Understanding the Effect of Problems and Consequences Caused by the COVID-19 Outbreak on the Clinical Activities of Speech-language Pathologists

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic, as a new phenomenon, caused many problems for speech-language pathologists and faced them with various crises. The aim of this study was to review the experiences of speech-language pathologists with the problems and consequences of the pandemic and their effects on their clinical activities. Methods: A qualitative study of interpretive phenomenological analysis was conducted and 21 participants were selected non-randomly using maximum variation technique. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. After collecting the data, coding was started using MAXQDA software. Then, the data were analyzed by thematic analysis method and main themes emerged. Finally, the scientific accuracy of the data was measured by the method of Lincoln and Guba. Results: Ten main themes, including infection, financial consequences, negative consequences of following health protocols, psychological consequences, consequences for clients, problems created in the workplace, problems created by clients, educational problems, lack of facilities, and opportunity creation were extracted, which represented therapists’ experiences with clinical work during the pandemic. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic created many negative and sometimes positive consequences for speech-language pathologists as well as many other professions, which led to changes and new experiences in the former routine of these therapists.

Decoding Bitcoin: leveraging macro- and micro-factors in time series analysis for price prediction.

Predicting Bitcoin prices is crucial because they reflect trends in the overall cryptocurrency market. Owing to the market's short history and high price volatility, previous research has focused on the factors influencing Bitcoin price fluctuations. Although previous studies used sentiment analysis or diversified input features, this study's novelty lies in its utilization of data classified into more than five major categories. Moreover, the use of data spanning more than 2,000 days adds novelty to this study. With this extensive dataset, the authors aimed to predict Bitcoin prices across various timeframes using time series analysis. The authors incorporated a broad spectrum of inputs, including technical indicators, sentiment analysis from social media, news sources, and Google Trends. In addition, this study integrated macroeconomic indicators, on-chain Bitcoin transaction details, and traditional financial asset data. The primary objective was to evaluate extensive machine learning and deep learning frameworks for time series prediction, determine optimal window sizes, and enhance Bitcoin price prediction accuracy by leveraging diverse input features. Consequently, employing the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) yielded significant results even without excluding the COVID-19 outbreak as a black swan outlier. Specifically, using a window size of 3, Bi-LSTM achieved a root mean squared error of 0.01824, mean absolute error of 0.01213, mean absolute percentage error of 2.97%, and an R-squared value of 0.98791. Additionally, to ascertain the importance of input features, gradient importance was examined to identify which variables specifically influenced prediction results. Ablation test was also conducted to validate the effectiveness and validity of input features. The proposed methodology provides a varied examination of the factors influencing price formation, helping investors make informed decisions regarding Bitcoin-related investments, and enabling policymakers to legislate considering these factors.