Spread Of COVID-19 Virus Research Articles

Perceptions of Iraqi Students about Using WhatsApp for Learning during Covid- 19

The spread of Covid-19 virus has complicated the education process as face-to-face communication in class has become more difficult. In light of this issue, the advancement in internet and social media applications has offered a possible and effective substitution for communication and learning between teachers and students. WhatsApp is one form of the social media application that arises to be an easy way to connect teachers and students virtually and an effective method to communicate the visual and written materials to students online. Although 74.5% of the Iraqi people are social media users in January 2020 (Hootsuite & We Are Social, 2020), using WhatsApp as a means for learning is not without issues. This study aims at investigating the frequency of using the application, the effectiveness of the application in the learning process, the preference of using such an application from the students’ perspectives, and the berries that might hinder the use of this application in Iraqi learners’ environment. For these purposes, the data was collected by means of a questionnaire developed based on previous studies in using social media for learning. A random sample of 1200 Iraqi school students were selected from three Iraqi schools. The data were analyzed using SPSS in order to find out the means and frequencies. The findings showed that the majority of students (91.7%) use WhatsApp for educational purposes. Almost two-thirds of students showed preference to use the application in their educational settings in various aspects, such as sharing information and study materials, submitting homework and assignments, discussing study course topics with their classmates or teachers, and enquiring about exams and assignments dates. The findings also showed that a number of barriers limit the use of this application in learning, such as the poor internet connection in certain areas in Iraq, the high cost of smart phones and laptops, and the students’ motivation to use the technology in for education purposes. The findings in this study emphasized the vital role of social media application in the area of education.

How Strategic Management Helped Organizations Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic

The study aimed to determine how strategic management can help organizations contain the effects of COVID-19 virus spread and maintain high performance and profits during the closing period. This study examined the role of environmental scanning, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation as dimensions of strategic management and how it helps in managing the spread of COVID-19. A questionnaire was sent to 146 operations/risk managers in Jordan’s industrial organization sector as part of the quantitative methodology. Primary data screening and analysis was done according to SPSS and other statistical tests including multiple and simple regression, mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage. It was determined that strategic management contributed to a well-built COVID-19 pandemic management plan with an R value of 721 and a strong correlation coefficient. Additionally, all the variables in the research had a correlation coefficient that ranged from moderate to high. A correlation value R = 0.713 indicated that strategy assessment helped propose a well-built COVID-19 pandemic management. The novelty of the current study focused on the fact that industrial facilities should supply infrastructure and equipment, and prioritize the well-being of their workers, their happiness and involvement in decision-making, as the epidemic spreads. Study advocated learning from other businesses’ experiences to create a clear picture of organizational and managerial strategies during the spread of a pandemic that threatens the lives of people.

Dampak Pandemi Covid19 terhadap Usaha Kurir Lokal di Kota Samarinda

The Covid-19 Pandemic has had an impact on various business sectors, one of them is in the field of courier services. This research aims to determine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the income of local couriers in Samarinda. The method used in this research is a qualitative method using descriptive analytical approach, verification, and exploratory. This research is also supported by library research. The type of data used is primary data and secondary data. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the income of local courier in the city of Samarinda has decreased. This is due to consumer concerns about the transmission of Covid-19 virus through couriers, The existence of PPKM policy that makes it difficult for couriers to be free to do their activities, as well as MSMEs that are empty of buyers, and competitiveness between couriers. In 2020 the decrease reached 70% from 2019. While in 2021 it began to increase by 30% from 2020. The decrease in income during the pandemic was responded by local courier businesses in the city of Samarinda by lowering shipping cost, increasing online promotions, especially in implementing health protocols to stop the spread of Covid19 virus through couriers, as well as increasing consumer loyalty.

The European Union on Cross-Roads: an Overview of Post-Lisbon Crises and a Way Forward

Summary The main aim of this chapter is to make a brief and comprehensive overview of various events of crises across the EU member states that arose in the period from the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty until the end of year 2020. The chapter first, examines the period of crisis in the EU after the adoption of Lisbon Treaty and before BREXIT which includes: economic and debt crisis, euro-zone crisis, Ukrainian crisis and migration crisis. The next part of the chapter looks at BREXIT as “another serious test for the EU”. In the third stage, the chapter looks at the most recent crisis the EU is facing as a consequence of global spread of COVID19 virus in the world and examines various options for further potential cooperation of member states in this new area. In this part chapter looks at the scope of EU competences and explores measures adopted by the EU since the beginning of the pandemic. In its conclusions the chapter looks at various options and scenarios of further potential developments the “European union on crossroads” at the end of year 2020. This includes reflections on various (and often contradictory) views and arguments on the shape of future euro integration process.

Development of a low-cost wearable device for Covid-19 self-quarantine monitoring system

ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to develop a Bluetooth-based low-cost wearable device for a self-quarantine monitoring system. Study designThe designed wearable device focuses on data transmission via Bluetooth, integration of tracking, tracing, and fencing into a single system, and low energy usage from its battery. MethodsWe design a wearable device using smartphone equipped with GPS, a communication module, Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and a high-capacity battery as a solution for low-cost device with excellent efficiency. We divide the designed system into two parts, the client and the server parts. The client parts are wearable device attached to the individual being monitored and the mobile phone as GPS and telecommunications module. Whereas the server parts are user interface, digital map, notification system, and backend database. Then, the whole system was tested in laboratory and field scale. ResultsWe tested functions of integrated device such as wearable device, mobile applications, and server for laboratory scale test. Then, performing field test with geofencing, communication module, battery, web interface, and resource computing usage. The field test was conducted on a small scale with a limited number of trial patients. We found that the designed wearable device was successfully implemented for both self-quarantine and centralized quarantine requirements. The majority of the components used met the specifications and functioned properly as well. ConclusionsA BLE-enabled wearable device can be used for tracking self-quarantine patients. The laboratory and field scale tests demonstrate that the designed wearable device functions properly and meets the requirements. We anticipate that this low-cost wearable device is effective in limiting Covid-19 virus spread and preventing the formation of a new Covid-19 virus-infected cluster.

Mathematical Modelling and Optimal Control Strategies of a Multistrain COVID-19 Spread

In this paper, we propose a continuous mathematical model that describes the spread of multistrains COVID-19 virus among humans: susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined, hospitalized, and recovered individuals. The positivity and boundedness of the system solution are provided in order to get the well posedness of the proposed model. Secondly, three controls are considered in our model to minimize the multistrain spread of the disease, namely, vaccination, security campaigns, social distancing measures, and diagnosis. Furthermore, the optimal control problem and related optimality conditions of the Pontryagin type are discussed with the objective to minimize the number of infected individuals. Finally, numerical simulations are performed in the case of two strains of COVID-19 and with four control strategies. By using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) method, we show that combining vaccination with diagnosis provides the most cost-effective strategy.

Modeling the impact of the vaccine on the COVID-19 epidemic transmission via fractional derivative.

To achieve the goal of ceasing the spread of COVID-19 entirely it is essential to understand the dynamical behavior of the proliferation of the virus at an intense level. Studying this disease simply based on experimental analysis is very time consuming and expensive. Mathematical modeling might play a worthy role in this regard. By incorporating the mathematical frameworks with the available disease data it will be beneficial and economical to understand the key factors involved in the spread of COVID-19. As there are many vaccines available globally at present, henceforth, by including the effect of vaccination into the model will also support to understand the visible influence of the vaccine on the spread of COVID-19 virus. There are several ways to mathematically formulate the effect of disease on the population like deterministic modeling, stochastic modeling or fractional order modeling etc. Fractional order derivative modeling is one of the fundamental methods to understand real-world problems and evaluate accurate situations. In this article, a fractional order epidemic model S_{p}E_{p}I_{p}Er_{p}R_{p}D_{p}Q_{p}V_p on the spread of COVID-19 is presented. S_{p}E_{p}I_{p}Er_{p}R_{p}D_{p}Q_{p}V_p consists of eight compartments of population namely susceptible, exposed, infective, recovered, the quarantine population, recovered-exposed, and dead population. The fractional order derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. For the prophecy and tenacity of the epidemic, we compute the reproduction number R_0. Using fixed point theory, the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of fractional order derivative have been studied. Furthermore, we are using the generalized Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method, to obtain the approximate solution of the fractional-order COVID-19 model. Finally, numerical results and illustrative graphic simulation are given. Our results suggest that to reduce the number of cases of COVID-19 we should reduce the contact rate of the people if the population is not fully vaccinated. However, to tackle the issue of reducing the social distancing and lock down, which have very negative impact on the economy as well as on the mental health of the people, it is much better to increase the vaccine rate and get the whole nation to be fully vaccinated.

Economic Resilience in the COVID-19 Pandemic

The global spread of COVID-19 virus in early 2020, and the measures taken to contain it pushed the global economy into a deep contraction. As illustrated in Figure 1, global GDP fell 10.5 percent below its pre-pandemic level in the second quarter of 2020.

Studi Fenomenologi Tentang Pembelajaran Daring pada Anak Usia Dini dalam Masa Pandemi Covid-19

<div><p class="1eAbstract-text"><em>Covid-19 pandemic has had a global impact. One of the steps taken by the Indonesian government as a way to break the chain of the spread of Covid-19 virus </em><em>is to implement online learning in the education sector. The phenomenon of online learning provides major changes and new habits in the field of education, especially for early childhood education. The purpose of this study is to describe the essence of online learning in early childhood. </em><em>This research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method to phenomenologically describe online learning. In this phenomenological description, writer describes how online learning is experienced by early childhood and parents. From this research, writer found the essence of the child’s experience regarding the transition to online learning. The results of this study indicate that the transition from offline learning to online learning is a developmental process.</em><em></em></p></div>

Application of fractional optimal control theory for the mitigating of novel coronavirus in Algeria

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) using a fractional mathematical model in Caputo sense. Based on the spread of COVID-19 virus observed in Algeria, we formulate the model by dividing the infected population into two sub-classes namely the reported and unreported infective individuals. The existence and uniqueness of the model solution are given by using the well-known Picard–Lindelöf approach. The basic reproduction number R0 is obtained and its value is estimated from the actual cases reported in Algeria. The model equilibriums and their stability analysis are analyzed. The impact of various constant control parameters is depicted for integer and fractional values of α. Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis showing the most sensitive parameters of the model versus R0 to predict the incidence of the infection in the population. Further, based on the sensitivity analysis, the Caputo model with constant controls is extended to time-dependent variable controls in order obtain a fractional optimal control problem. The associated four time-dependent control variables are considered for the prevention, treatment, testing and vaccination. The fractional optimality condition for the control COVID-19 transmission model is presented. The existence of the Caputo optimal control model is studied and necessary condition for optimality in the Caputo case is derived from Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies are demonstrated through numerical simulations. The graphical results revealed that the implantation of time-dependent controls significantly reduces the number of infective cases and are useful in mitigating the infection.

Intelligent Nanomaterials for Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensor Applications: The Science behind Diverse Mechanisms, Fabrication Methods, and Real-Time Healthcare.

It has become a scientific obligation to unveil the underlying mechanisms and the fabrication methods behind wearable/stretchable strain sensors based on intelligent nanomaterials in order to explore their possible potential in the field of biomedical and healthcare applications. This report is based on an extensive literature survey of fabrication of stretchable strain sensors (SSS) based on nanomaterials in the fields of healthcare, sports, and entertainment. Although the evolution of wearable strain sensors (WSS) is rapidly progressing, it is still at a prototype phase and various challenges need to be addressed in the future in special regard to their fabrication protocols. The biocalamity of COVID-19 has brought a drastic change in humans’ lifestyles and has negatively affected nations in all capacities. Social distancing has become a mandatory rule to practice in common places where humans interact with each other as a basic need. As social distancing cannot be ruled out as a measure to stop the spread of COVID-19 virus, wearable sensors could play a significant role in technologically impacting people’s consciousness. This review article meticulously describes the role of wearable and strain sensors in achieving such objectives.

Enhancing Covid-19 virus spread modeling using an activity travel model.

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and its variants are still spreading rapidly with deadly consequences and profound impacts on the global health and world economy. Without a suitable vaccine, mobility restriction has been the most effective method so far to prevent its spreading and avoid overwhelming the heath system of the affected country. The compartmental model SIR (or Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered) is the most popular mathematical model used to predict the course of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to plan the control actions and mobility restrictions against its spreading. A major limitation of this model in relation to modeling the spreading of COVID-19, and the mobility limitation strategy, is that the SIR model does not include mobility or take into account changes in mobility within its structure. This paper develops and tests a new hybrid SIR model; SIR-M which is integrated with an urban activity travel model to explore how it might improve the prediction of pandemic course and the testing of mobility limitation strategies in managing virus spread. The paper describes the enhanced methodology and tests a range of mobility limitation strategies on virus spread outcomes. Implications for policy and research futures are suggested.

Face Mask a Personal Protective Tool in the Era of COVID-19: A Bibliometric Review

The greatest challenge of our time “coronavirus pandemic” has turned out to be the major health crisis. Comprehensive strategies, including face covers, have been greatest tools to mitigate the virus spread. As a daily necessity, face mask and face covers have proven to be the best personal protective tool. However, mass masking are we doing it right? Method: We performed a systematic review to dig the optimum distance for avoiding viral spread and estimate the consequences of mass masking in reducing the spread of SARS CoV2. as we observed much less awareness for face coverings and mass masking in lay public. We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase on 4th Feb. 2021. We searched clinical trials.gov. We also conducted backward and forward citation analysis on the newly included studies. Result: The main aim of this review article is to highlight the need for the use of respiratory protective covers to overcome the pandemic situation and promote required advisories. As there is shortage of mask worldwide, enjoinder for rational utilization of mask is being issued. Conclusion: From our findings, we enlightened the details to alleviate the COVID-19 virus spread in pre-symptomatic patient and mask wearing as an important intervention. Therefore, the ultimate objective of this article is to review available information to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.

Assessing the Roles of Internet of Things in Combating the Global Spread of COVID-19 Virus; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Assessing the Roles of Internet of Things in Combating the Global Spread of COVID-19 Virus; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Infaq Sterilization Box with UV and Ozone (BIUZ)

The COVID-19 pandemic that has occurred to date has resulted in the loss of many lives. This is due to the ease with which the COVID-19 virus spreads. According to the latest research published by the WHO, the virus can spread through the medium of objects, one of the easies object to spread virus is money. The spread of the COVID-19 virus can be done through money transactions that have previously been used by people infected by the virus. This is because COVID-19 virus can survive for more than 72 hours. To prevent this, it is necessary to sterilize so that the virus in the money can be neutralized. The technology that can be used for disinfection in this tool is Ultra Violet (UV) light and Ozone Generator. Many studies have shown that UV rays and ozone gas (O3) are able to kill viruses that are on the surface of objects. The ability of UV rays and ozone gas (O3) can kill viruses in money because UV rays and ozone gas (O3) have radiation that is quite harsh, so that if exposed to human skin continuously it can cause damage to skin tissue. In this study, to overcome this problem, a device that is automatically able to carry out the disinfection process in the room is made by utilizing UV light. Infaq Sterilization Box with UV and Ozone (BIUZ) can kill viruses in money, it is also easy to operate and safe. The size of the tool made is adjusted to the object or partner of the research activity, namely the Central Java Great Mosque Manager (PP MAJT). The need for partners is that the tool is able to carry out the sterilization process of infaq money provided by the congregation, both in the form of paper and coins effectively.

Crime, justice and legal remedies during COVID-19 pandemic

The article addresses the significant impact on the reduction of criminal activities such as robbery, murder, rape, molestation, kidnapping, thefts, thefts of motor vehicles, burglaries, snatching phones and jewelry, and so on, as opposed to an increase in cybercrime, domestic violence, fraud and racketeers, hoarders, hate crimes, and so on. Unemployment and, as a result, poverty were the driving forces behind criminal activity. The article also reveals how few religious congregations have led to the spread of covid-19 virus. It also discusses various measures implemented to efficiently regulate the prison system. New police force guidelines were issued, including instructions on social distancing, sanitizing, micro-grouping; beat patrolling, crowd control, crime hospital spot visits, and arresting protocol. CONCLUSION: Coronavirus has called for a mixed response in India. The answer includes a host of regulations, guidelines, services, and administrative structures, as well as public and government warnings. As the demands of government action grow, the Passivence Sicknesses Act has become a topic of discussion. Instead of establishing a comprehensive health care system, the Pestilence Infections Act allows states to take special measures in response to serious infectious diseases.

Statistical modeling for COVID-19 virus spread in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Netherlands

The aim of this work is to develop a new outstanding lifetime distribution, dubbed the power Bilal (PB) distribution. Both of the probability distribution function (pdf) and the cumlative distribution function (cdf) of the PB distribution have a simple forms. The suggested distribution’s moments, incomplete moments as well as the quantile function are deduced and acquired in explicit forms as a result of its simple forms. Seven estimation methods for estimating the PB distribution parameters are mentioned, and numerical simulations are used to compare the proposed approaches using partial and overall ranks. According to the simulation results of this work, the maximum likelihood estimators are advised to be the best estimation method for estimating the parameters of the PB distribution, when the data genrated from the PB distribution. We shows the importance and flexibility of the PB distribution by comparing it to other existing competing distributions using two different real data sets from COVID-19 mortality rates of two countries.

Identifying Factors Associated with Pandemic Risk Reduction, Especially During Further emergence of SARS-Cov-2 Omicron Variant On Malawi Perspective

In 2019, around December, Coronavirus disease, shortened as COVID-19, was reported in Wuhan (China) as a respiratory disease. It was also discovered that; Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As COVID-19 Virus spread globally at a faster rate, World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a worldwide pandemic. Though it was in more than 200 countries in the world, as of 31st March 2019 Malawi was among the countries that had not registered any case. Looking at its economic, political, and health status, the authorities recommended to strengthen more preventive measures to prevent the pandemic from entering Malawi. However, on 2nd April 2020; the first 3 Covid-19 cases were confirmed in Malawi. Worse still, in Africa, on 24th November 2021, the first case of Covid -19 Omicron Variant (an updated version of covid-19) was announced by South Africa, with the first positive sample dating back to 9th November 2021. We reviewed the current factors responsible for the pandemic risk reduction, especially during the further emergence of the current SARSCov-2 Omicron Variant in Malawi, and discussed potential prevention and mitigation techniques.

Coping and Post-traumatic Growth Among COVID-19 Patients: A Qualitative Study.

Pandemic diseases have caused dramatic changes in people’s lives throughout history. Today, the COVID-19 virus spreads rapidly and affects human beings around the globe. This study aimed to discover the coping strategies and post-traumatic growth (PTG) experiences of persons who were infected by the COVID-19 virus using the qualitative research method. The research involved 17 individuals, nine of whom were female. All had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Face-to-face and online interviews were conducted with participants. In the analysis of the data, the thematic analysis method was performed by developing themes and sub-themes. The created themes include coping strategies, existential growth, lessons learned from disease, new opportunities, and social growth. These themes indicated positive changes in the lives of persons who were infected by the COVID-19 virus after the COVID-19 disease. Findings and implications for the practice were discussed.

Perception of Food Delivery Rider During Movement Control Order (MCO): A Case Study in Wangsa Maju Kuala Lumpur

Food delivery service in Malaysia is an emerging trend in urban settings prior to 2020 or the COVID-19 pandemic. During the implementation of Movement Control Order (MCO) by the Malaysia government to control the spread of COVID-19 virus, food delivery service was listed as an essential service that was allowed to operate while dine-in at food outlets were prohibited. This study aims to investigate the needs of food delivery services in an urban planning to facilitate during and after COVID-19 pandemic. Wangsa Maju Kuala Lumpur was selected as the case study. This study was conducted on 100 food delivery staffs from Grab Food and Food Panda delivery platform through purposive sampling. Data were collected by questionnaire survey and were analyzed by SPSS software. The findings demonstrated that there were three themes of challenges which are (i) no waiting and resting area, (ii) inadequate and unavailability of parking spaces, and (iii) delivery location issue. The findings served as a platform for future study as well as the development of policy and guidelines together with collaboration planning to improve urban management.