COVID-19 Victims Research Articles

Resilience in online communities of practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian case study

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a case study conducted through digital ethnography and textual analysis methods. The thematic focus concerns the role of online communities of practice as resilience tools in the case of emergency and crisis. The origin of this assumption lies in some reflections developed in view of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially given the varied typology of social responses to this crisis. A fundamental aim in this research is the exploration of the dynamics and spontaneous practices of social support that take place today in digital environments. This study uses the theoretical paradigm of community resilience and its interpretative dimensions, such as proactivity and adaptation. The analysis of the online community Noi Denunceremo - Verità e giustizia per le vittime del COVID-19 (We Will Denounce - Truth and Justice for the Victims of COVID-19) indicates the interdisciplinary relevance of pursuing this avenue of research, especially in view of the findings that identify the role of online communities of practice in promoting inclusive and participatory responses to emergencies and crises.

Komunikasi Krisis Sebagai Upaya Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 Tahun 2020 di Kota Semarang

The enactment of Restrictions on Community Activities applied in the city of Semarang runs with a tug-of-war system, because it considers economic factors. This research was conducted to uncover the crisis communication system of the Semarang City Government during the covid-19 pandemic. Qualitative approach becomes a tool of researchers in obtaining information. The research method conducted is digital ethnography based on tracking information data through social media owned by the Semarang City Government and local media in the Semarang City Government area, as well as in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Data analysis techniques in this study through data reduction, data display and draw conclusions. The results showed that the crisis communication applied in the Semarang City Government was running inconsistently, this happened because of concerns about economic conditions. Crisis communication is carried out centralistically vertically, depending on the direction of the central government. The slow process of communication to the community is overcome by policies made based on statistics on the number of victims of the covid-19 pandemic. If the victims of covid-19 increase then the policy of Implementing Restrictions on Community Activities will be tightened, while if the victims of covid-19 begin to decrease then the policy of the Community Activity Restriction Regulation is loosened. In addition, the aspirations of the community in the process of making policies in dealing with the covid-19 pandemic are represented by a group and have not been thorough. Thus, the communication of the crisis of the Semarang City Government to the community goes one way.

Analysis on Prediction of COVID-19 with Machine Learning Algorithms

During the pandemic, the most significant reason for the deep concern for COVID-19 is that it spreads from individual to individual through contact or by staying close with the diseased individual. COVID-19 has been understood as an overall pandemic, and a couple of assessments is being performed using various numerical models. Machine Learning (ML) is commonly used in every field. Forecasting systems based on ML have shown their importance in interpreting perioperative effects to accelerate decision-making in the potential course of action. ML models have been used for long to define and prioritize adverse threat variables in several technology domains. To manage forecasting challenges, many prediction approaches have been used extensively. The paper shows the ability of ML models to estimate the amount of forthcoming COVID-19 victims that is now considered a serious threat to civilization. COVID-19 describes the comparative study on ML algorithms for predicting COVID-19, depicts the data to be predicted, and analyses the attributes of COVID-19 cases in different places. It gives an underlying benchmark to exhibit the capability of ML models for future examination.

Late sequelae of COVID-19 and its effect on the quality of life

Background: COVID pneumonitis presents with symptoms of fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, inability to smell and shortness of breath. However, certain symptoms have been reported to be persistent in some people or novel post-recovery symptoms have developed. Due to the day today rise in the number of covid-19 cases in Pakistan, it is the need of the hour to determine the long-term consequences associated with this disease, to educate the general population and to establish the long-term management of the patients.Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using non-probability purposive sampling, in which a total of 75 patients who had recovered from Covid-19 infection in the past 2-10 months visiting tertiary care hospitals in Lahore for follow up were recruited and filled survey forms bearing different questions regarding their disease, post-recovery symptoms and quality of life. Data collected was then analyzed by SPSS-26.Results: The most common symptoms were fatigue (66.7%), dry cough (46.7%), headache (44%) and joint pains (41.3%), followed by other general, neurological, pulmonary and psychological symptoms. The quality of life was analyzed in different domains exhibiting an average range of 60-68% which shows that covid-19 has significantly affected the quality of life of its victims.Conclusion: Various post disease recovery symptoms have been seen in the covid-19 victims and their quality of life has been deteriorated in physical, psychological, environmental and social domains; therefore, we need a multi-disciplinary team comprising of physicians, nurses, psychologists, social and occupational health workers who should work in liaison to tackle with these issues.

Healthcare professionals' families' perception of life during COVID-19 in Iran: a qualitative study.

BackgroundThe families of healthcare professionals are one of the most vulnerable groups whose lives have been severely damaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, the experiences and perceptions of these individuals have not been explored. The present study aims to investigate the experiences and perceptions of the family members of the healthcare professionals during COVID-19.MethodsThe present study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological design. The participants were 25 family members of healthcare professionals which were selected from the medical centres in Iran via purposeful sampling from August 2021 to October 2021. The sampling was kept on until the data became saturated. To collect data, individual semi-structured interviews were conducted online. The Colaizzi approach was used to analyse the data collected.ResultsThe findings of the study emerged as two main themes: psychological tension with five categories (indescribable fear and worry, longing to see their loved ones, patient stone, bitter farewell, fear of the future) and dignity with four categories (acclamation, appreciation, feeling proud, spiritual growth).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the family members of healthcare professionals have experienced dignity combined with the degrees of psychological tension which were beyond the experiences of the majority of people in the society, but similar to the psychological tension experienced by the families of COVID-19 victims. The families of healthcare workers are continuously anxious about the safety of their loved ones who are responsible to obtain the treatment of COVID-19 patients, which potentially jeopardizes their physical and psychological well-being. Therefore, the appreciation and support of people in the community of the family members of healthcare professionals have increased their tolerance. Healthcare providers can successfully promote the health of healthcare professionals’ families by providing comprehensive assistance to healthcare personnel and their families.

Family bereavement care interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to daily social routines and to the lived experience of bereaved families. This article outlines the protocol for a scoping review of published...

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ABSTRACT FOR GRAPHIC SUBMISSION TO:“COMICS IN AND OF THE MOMENT”. THE COMICS GRIDMónica LalandaBack in March 2020, when it became obvious that we were heading a big global disaster, I created a folder called Coronavirus Graphic Medicine. Since it was a unprecedented health care crisis, I expected a huge amount of art material related directly to the illness, the symptoms, the medical care, tests, treatments…I saw it as a great oportunity to confirm the use of such fabulous communication tool. Everytime I came accross a comic, infographic or cartoon in social media (mostly twitter and Instagram), I’d save it in my folder. I concentrated on work created in spanish but also foreign ones without any text.Within weeks, I was already surprised that the amount of graphic outpour was huge but there was little in terms of “proper” graphic medicine. As I continued to look into it in more detail, analysing all these amazing pieces, I could see that the illness itself was not the main character of the story, the protagonists of the covid-19 crisis were not the patients or the disease. It was clear that there was little contact with the patients, either locked in ther own rooms or in hospitals with no visitors. Covid-19 victims were surprisingly not the real issue. This in itself is very meaningful. .The illustrators also drew a lot about death but little about the dead ones, creamated without witnesses and buried almost in solitute . As the vignettes continued to enter my folder, I could see that somehow they were able to give an amazing narrative of the pandemia, there was hardly any graphic medicine but more of a story about a whole society going through a unique and damaging common experience. A kind of social graphic medicine of some sort. The suffering of a whole society rather than the illness of the individuals.They fitted into various themes that were obviouly catching the artists’ imagination. In my on-going analysis I ended up creating subfolders that allowed me to clasify and study them in a more logical way. These were the issues that gave way to more pieces:- Health care providers as heroes- Health care providers as victims of the system- Coping with the confinement.- The virus itself (anthopromorphism)- Death- “The curve”- Face masks- Timely themes (schools, Halloween, christmas…)- Information for people to avoid illness- vaccinesNow that things have settled, there is a new and different creation with a kind of retrospective eye. Yet again graphic medicine as such is missing. I’ve recently being invited to write the introduction of an anthology of comics about the pandemia where some of the best spanish comic creators have produced their own pieces about covid19. I notice a tendency to search for answers, to look into our society and our communities with some queries, to measure the effect of social inequalities or the importance of belonging, there is a concern about the psicological effect of those deaths that we were not allowed to mourn, the oportunity to value small things that we never noticed before. I almost sense a call to forget the ugly and to rebuild a new society upon the old ashes. It’s surprising the change in tone. Deep pesimism mixed with cheerful expectations.I’d like to create a comic reflecting on the analysis of all those hundreds of cartoons and comics that I’ve been looking at for over a year.My own work during the pandemia has been mostly graphic medicine as such and here is a link to some of it:https://monicalalanda.com/

A privacy-aware method for COVID-19 detection in chest CT images using lightweight deep conventional neural network and blockchain

With the global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, a reliable method is required for identifying COVID-19 victims. The biggest issue in detecting the virus is a lack of testing kits that are both reliable and affordable. Due to the virus's rapid dissemination, medical professionals have trouble finding positive patients. However, the next real-life issue is sharing data with hospitals around the world while considering the organizations' privacy concerns. The primary worries for training a global Deep Learning (DL) model are creating a collaborative platform and personal confidentiality. Another challenge is exchanging data with health care institutions while protecting the organizations' confidentiality. The primary concerns for training a universal DL model are creating a collaborative platform and preserving privacy. This paper provides a model that receives a small quantity of data from various sources, like organizations or sections of hospitals, and trains a global DL model utilizing blockchain-based Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). In addition, we use the Transfer Learning (TL) technique to initialize layers rather than initialize randomly and discover which layers should be removed before selection. Besides, the blockchain system verifies the data, and the DL method trains the model globally while keeping the institution's confidentiality. Furthermore, we gather the actual and novel COVID-19 patients. Finally, we run extensive experiments utilizing Python and its libraries, such as Scikit-Learn and TensorFlow, to assess the proposed method. We evaluated works using five different datasets, including Boukan Dr. Shahid Gholipour hospital, Tabriz Emam Reza hospital, Mahabad Emam Khomeini hospital, Maragheh Dr.Beheshti hospital, and Miandoab Abbasi hospital datasets, and our technique outperform state-of-the-art methods on average in terms of precision (2.7%), recall (3.1%), F1 (2.9%), and accuracy (2.8%).

The Loss of a Generation: A Study on Children Whose Parents Were Victims of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Sleman, Yogyakarta

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted children’s living conditions and quality of life. The present qualitative study investigated the conditions of children whose parents were victims of COVID-19. The project was carried out from July to September 2021 in Sleman regency, Yogyakarta. Data were gathered through interviews, observations, and focus group discussions. At the time of the study there were 614 children in Sleman who had lost their parents. Our study revealed that the pandemic worsened the living conditions of children, particularly those whose parents passed away because of COVID-19. Children had feelings of a bleak future due to the loss of parents, were confused about how to survive and pay for living expenses and school fees, anxious about being abandoned by parents who had been their protectors, worried about their upbringing, and experienced feelings of loneliness and frustration. Hence, further actions need to be taken by both the government and social activists in order to deal with these problems. Based on the research findings, we present policy recommendations for stakeholders in order to deal with the children’s conditions.
 Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, children, parents, loss of generation

The Disposal of COVID-19 Dead Bodies: Impact of Sri Lanka's Response on Fundamental Rights.

In early 2020, the Government of Sri Lanka decided that all bodies of individuals who had (or were suspected to have) died of COVID-19 should be disposed of by cremation alone. Although this decision appears to be neutral and does not give rise to de jure discrimination, as a matter of fact, it has significantly impacted the religious rights of the Muslim community in Sri Lanka. This is because they firmly believe in the need to bury the dead in a dignified and decent manner—cremation being regarded as a repugnant practice amounting to a desecration of the human body. As such, the Sri Lankan Government’s decision to adopt a cremation-only policy interfered with the right of all Sri Lankan Muslims to manifest their religion or belief as guaranteed by the 1978 Constitution of Sri Lanka. Despite there being no scientific evidence to suggest that the burial of COVID-19 victims could give rise to contamination of the surroundings and thereby cause the spread of the virus, the Government of Sri Lanka continued with the policy for almost a whole year. Thereafter, due to international pressure, the Sri Lankan Government decided to allow burials but in a very restrictive manner. The objective of this article is to consider the extent to which the aforementioned decisions of the Sri Lankan Government are consistent with the fundamental rights framework of the country’s Constitution.

Nurses' bedside emotions for COVID-19. Consensual qualitative research

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unprecedented working conditions, with repercussions on the daily lives of nurses. The events experienced positively or negatively in their clinical practice have aroused a variety of emotions for them. The objective of this research is to describe and categorize the events that provoked emotions in nurses who volunteered to accompany COVID-19 victims in a Belgian academic hospital during the first wave of thepandemic by identifying what these emotions were. The researchers used Hill's Consensual Qualitative Research method. Nineteen semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. After the full transcription of the recordings, the data were analyzed by the research team. The results show that the emotions felt by the participants were caused by thirty-seven types of events (categories) grouped into nine families (domains). COVID-19 is viewed negatively by the participants who express fear of this serious and contagious disease. When they talk about the experiences of patients and their families, their discourse alternates between joy at having been able to provide help and care and sadness at not having been able to be effective in all circumstances. Participants share a positive experience and express joy in recalling the COVID-19 outbreak as an exceptional event that they coped with through their personal and professional experience and resources, their relationships with colleagues on the interprofessional team, and the responses of the nursing department and hospital.

Judges’ Consideration In Deciding The Case Of The Rejection Of A Deceased Covid-19 Victim’s Funeral In Semarang

The handling of the dead bodies caused by the epidemic is one of the methods used to control disease outbreaks. The handling of the dead bodies itself has always been regulated in Article 16 of Government Regulation Number 40 of 1991 about Disease Outbreak Management, way before the COVID-19 pandemic happened. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the advancement of legal science by expanding knowledge and providing references, particularly in the case of the rejection of COVID-19 victims' bodies, which is the subject of Ungaran District Court Ruling number 76/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Unr. This research is focused on these two problems: the legal review of the funeral law and the rejection of a deceased COVID-19 victim's funeral; and the judges’ consideration in deciding the case of the rejection of a deceased COVID-19 victim's funeral. Objectively, this research aims to describe the legal review of funerals and the rejection of a deceased COVID-19 victim's funeral, as well as the judges' considerations in deciding the case of the rejection of a deceased COVID-19 victim's funeral. The research was conducted using a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Primary and secondary legal materials are discussed and researched using an interpretation method with the aim of providing clarity on the existing legal materials related to the problems encountered. As such, the research results were as follows: Firstly, there are adequate laws and regulations for funeral management, including protocols for the burial of bodies due to infectious disease outbreaks. Refusing to bury a deceased COVID-19 victim is a penal act, both according to Law No. 4 of 1984 concerning Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases and the Criminal Code, and is an unlawful act according to Article 1365 of the Civil Code. Second, it was found that the judges decided the case by considering the law, the action, the mental attitude or guilt, and the penality. It is expected that there will be effective public education about the human rights inherent in a person even after death, as well as education about the dangers of stigmatizing COVID-19 patients and victims in efforts to combat the pandemic.

Development of a computer-aided tool for detection of COVID-19 pneumonia from CXR images using machine learning algorithm

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly worldwide, and it has become a greater risk for human beings. To curb the community transmission of this virus, rapid detection and identification of the affected people via a quick diagnostic process are necessary. Media studies have shown that most COVID-19 victims endure lung disease. For rapid identification of the affected patient, chest CT scans and X-ray images have been reported to be suitable techniques. However, chest X-ray (CXR) shows more convenience than the CT imaging techniques because it has faster imaging times than CT and is also simple and cost-effective. Literature shows that transfer learning is one of the most successful techniques to analyze chest X-ray images and correctly identify various types of pneumonia. Since SVM has a remarkable aspect that tremendously provides good results using a small data set thus in this study we have used SVM machine learning algorithm to diagnose COVID-19 from chest X-ray images. The image processing tool called RGB and SqueezeNet models were used to get more images to diagnose the available data set. Our adopted model shows an accuracy of 98.8% to detect the COVID-19 affected patient from CXR images. It is expected that our proposed computer-aided detection tool (CAT) will play a key role in reducing the spread of infectious diseases in society through a faster patient screening process.

Legal Aspects Of Public Policy Impact Mitigation Of The Covid-19 Pandemic In Rural Areas

Public policies related to mitigating the spread of Covid-19 in rural areas in principle contain legal aspects related to obligations, responsibilities and legal consequences on society. The polemic over government policies through Covid-19 mitigation has not been optimal, because Covid-19 victims in Indonesia are still high. The legal position of PP RI Number 21 of 2020, Presidential Decree Number 11 of 2020, Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 131 of 2003 and the Declaration of the Chief of Police Number: Mak / 2 / III / 2020 as a product of public policy must be in accordance with the general principles of good governance (AUPB). The preparation of this article is based on the main reference sources from various literatures and researchers, journals relevant to the implementation of public policy, which are complemented by the authors' thoughts on the topics presented. The results of the discussion show that the implementation of public policies to mitigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in rural areas still has problems with a lack of understanding of the obligations, responsibilities and legal consequences of public policies, so that some people ignore them. Public policy can become a reflection of the responsibility of the government and society in implementing a good government system and is one of the guidelines for solving social problems in rural areas.

Increasing The Productivity Of Palm Sugar Through High Degree Of Crystalline Sugar Production

One of the victims of Covid-19 is micro industry. The research team attempts to find the community of original palm sugar (sugar from sugar palm tree) industry which will be process to become gula semut (crystalline sugar). The location where the research and the public service are done is Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera. It seems that the farmers of palm sugar industry are decreasing in number in Deli Serdang so that the research team is interested in increasing the community of palm sugar farmers and industry in developing their micro business. Another objective of the research is to increase the welfare of the palm sugar farmers in Deli Serdang, North Sumatera, with good and qualified crystalline sugar so that its sales price increases and it can enter domestic and international markets. The research employs descriptive qualitative method. The data are gathered by conducting interviews and using Focus Group Discussion with stakeholders. Specifically, the sugar palm trees are used for hand-handle sap tapping which yields water that flows from the stem of sugar palm tree. The water is called palm water (juice of the sugar palm which when fermented turns into toddy and vinegar). It has numerous kinds of palm sugar and one of them is crystalline sugar processing. In this research, crystalline sugar is used as the innovation from palm sugar processing in the form of slabs because its sales value is very promising. The concept of marketing strategy applied in this research is the online and offline marketing.

Coping with COVID-19 Prolonged and Cumulative Stressors: the Case Example of Egypt.

The current study aimed to explore how COVID-19-traumatized populations cope using a coping model based on wills to exist, live, and survive (WTELS) that leads to positive coping and posttraumatic growth (PTG). We used data from 11 Arab countries (N = 2732), including Egypt (N = 831), and included measures for COVID-19 stressors (COVID-fear, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), WTELS, resilience, religiosity, spirituality, social support, and PTG. We conducted ANOVA on the main sample to explore the differences between Arab countries, hierarchical regressions, and path analysis on the Egyptian subsample to test a model of the effects on WTELS. In the path model, WTELS was the independent variable. Other coping strategies were mediating variables, and COVID-19 stressor types were outcome variables. ANOVA on the main sample indicated that Egypt was the highest on COVID-19 stressors (infection fears, economic, lockdown, and grief stressors), actual infection, and WTELS. Hierarchical regression indicated that social support, resilience, and WTELS were positive predictors of PTG, with WTELS had the highest effect size (β = .41) and WTELS being a negative predictor of COVID-19 stressors, while resilience and social support were not. Path analysis indicated that WTELS predicted higher religiosity, spirituality, social support, resilience, and lower COVID-19 stressors. Religiosity predicted higher spirituality, social support, and resilience and lower COVID-19 stressors. Interfaith spirituality predicted higher resilience and lower COVID-19 grief stressors. The results validated the central role of WTELS. Results helped to identify potentially effective interventions with COVID-19 victims that focus on WTELS, spirituality, and religiosity.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00712-x.

The COVID-19 sensorium and its vectors, victims, and violators

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic shifted relationships between hegemonic sensory perceptions and disease epistemologies. The affective pedagogies of the COVID-19 sensorium signal vectors and victims of disease through racialized, classed, and gendered assemblages of sensory presence and absence. Present sounds of weaponized coughing suture white consumerist entitlement to violate public health imperatives. The coughs in the film Corona critique the rise of anti-Asian violence and demonstrate how sound is intelligible through available stereotypes and circulating xenophobic rhetoric. Amid asymptomatic spread, appeals to “Typhoid Mary” Mallon—the first named asymptomatic typhoid carrier–re-emerged as another xenophobic sensory pedagogy to signify threatening absent symptoms.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Model: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Influenza

The COVID-19 influenza became a curse on the world. It has been around for two years, so no one needs to make a big introduction of it. It has became a significant challenge around the world. Owing to this, we made dynamic networks using an amalgamating of fuzzy logic and neural networks for the prediction of sufferers of COVID-19. These hybrid networks serve for the assessment of the COVID-19 victims and usefully serve for the assessment of the medical resources needed for future victims. This manuscript proposed Sugeno Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (SANFIS) prediction model for COVID-19 prediction in Andhra Pradesh, India. We gathered data on positive COVID-19 sufferers in Andhra Pradesh for this purpose. The data can be separated into three categories: training set, testing set and checking set. We have utilized Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) for prediction precision. If the prediction model has a lower RMSD value, it is regarded as the best forecast. In this study, we concluded that the 3 Triangular MFns for each input were excellent with the extreme precision for all of the districts based on our expertise. In the end, we deployed seven SANFIS replicas in Andhra Pradesh, but we discovered that SANFIS6 and SANFIS7 provided excellent COVID-19 prediction results. These findings will assist the government, healthcare agencies, and medical organizations in planning for future COVID-19 victims' medical requirements. These sorts of Sugeno Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (SANFIS) prediction models based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be beneficial in overcoming the COVID-19.

Long COVID-19 prevalence among a sample of infected people in Erbil city.

Long-term effects of the disease were founded and described as post-COVID-19 syndrome post-COVID syndrome are the symptoms that develop and last for four weeks or even months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis; symptoms may remain for >3 months. The cause of persistent symptoms is unclear. Objectives: This study aimed to Estimate the prevalence of residual symptoms among a sample of people infected with COVID-19 who survived and recovered in Erbil city and to find out the relation between the severity of the disease and post-COVID-19 syndrome. And to know the incidence of post-COVID-19 syndrome in chronic disease patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 primary health care centers in 6 municipalities in Erbil city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. A convenience sample of randomly selected 300 patients was involved in the study depending on inclusion criteria. For one year, starting from March 1, 2021, until the end of February 2022. The prevalence of post-COVID syndrome among the 300 cases was 54.67%. Of these cases, 11.7% had one symptom, 26% had two signs, and 17% had with three or more symptoms. There was a significant statistical association between persistent symptoms and the severity of COVID-19. Also, there was a substantial statistical association between persistent symptoms and chronic disease, most (67.9%) respondents with post-COVID-19 syndromes suffered from chronic disease, and the p-value was 0.001. There was a significant statistical association between persistent symptoms and disease duration; most (73%) of cases with post-COVID-19 syndrome got the disease from 7 to 14 days, while 54.5% of them struggled with COVID-19 for >14 days. Most people who have recovered from COVID-19 have many long-lasting symptoms that make it hard to go about their daily lives. This is now called a post-COVID syndrome. Getting to this status could have been caused by several things. Age, gender, whether a person has a chronic disease, disease severity, and duration are all things to consider, Even though all COVID-19 victims should be kept an eye on for long-term evaluation and treatment of post-COVID symptoms.

Espousing Environmental Enrichment as Therapy for Post-Covid-19 Syndrome

Treatment for COVID-19 survivors is imperative since various symptoms have been discovered spanning from different levels of depression, sleep disorder and anxiety, in addition, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as disclosed by approximately 97% of COVID-19 victims in seven hundred and fourteen (714) victims in China. Lengthened symptoms viz muscle pain, headaches, anosmia have been discovered in 112 hospitals and 2001 out of hospital COVID-19 positive patients with a greater number of asymptomatic or high mildly symptomatic victims in Belgium and Netherland This article recommends a non-invasive therapy called Environmental enrichment which entails enriching the abode of an individual, which its therapeutic effects have been established as its enhance neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, memory, mood, passion, alleviate lethargy. This article listed food, music therapy and yoga as enrichment components to ameliorate post-COVID-19 syndrome.