Effects Of COVID-19 Pandemic Research Articles

The COVID-19 Pandemic Consequences on Microsurgical Reconstructions: A Single Center's Shift of Indications.

Background:Since its outbreak, the COVID-19-pandemic has had a tremendous impact on healthcare systems worldwide. We conducted a comparative study to analyze the pandemic’s consequence on microsurgical reconstructions at a reconstructive plastic surgery center in Sweden.Method:All free flaps performed at a single center between March 2019 and 2021 were analyzed. The patient cohort was divided into two groups, with a period of 1 year in each group: non-COVID-19 year and COVID-19 year. The periods were compared regarding the number and type of surgeries and patient characteristics.Results:In the year prior to the pandemic, 123 free flap surgeries were performed, compared with 103 surgeries during the COVID-19 year. There was a significant shift in the most common site for free flap reconstruction: from the breast [which decreased by 42% (66–38)] to head and neck [which increased by 22% (41–50); OR 0.53 (P = 0.02)]. This was also reflected by a significant increase in hospital stay for free flap patients during the COVID-19 year (P = 0.02).Conclusions:During the COVID-19 pandemic, a shift was seen from breast reconstructions toward head and neck reconstructions as the most common free flap procedure performed. An increasing backlog of elective breast reconstructions demands increased resources and tougher priorities, which challenge the healthcare system in the post-COVID-19 era.

Disclosure of information about the COVID-19 pandemic consequences in financial statements

Disclosure of information about the COVID-19 pandemic consequences in financial statements

Suitable Strategy to Overcome the Barriers in Online Learning

As a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown was imposed and sudden changes in the education system from traditional face to face to fully online mode. The objective of the study is to analyse the barriers faced by the students in online learning and verify with Confi rmatory Factor Analysis and suggest a suitable strategy to overcome the barriers. The study was conducted at Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University with 240 students who participated in online learning. The results revealed that greater proportion of the students often used smart phone (92.08%) for online learning. About 40.00 per cent of the students spent 19-28 hours per week in online classes. The study revealed nine barriers in online learning as perceived by the students namely unfavourable learning environment, lack of knowledge on eff ective use of online apps, lack of expertise and skills in using the apps, it is expensive, online learning is time consuming, internet connectivity issues, lack of uninterrupted power supply, problem with application compatibility with ICT tools and health issues. For barriers in online learning the goodness of fi t of model indices were satisfactory. The factor loadings were greater than 0.40 and reliability of two factors technical barriers and personal barriers were 0.709 and 0.812 respectively. The strategies to overcome the barriers in online learning included the creation an organised study space, active participation of the students, eliminating distractions, etc.

COVID-19 and CSR disclosure: evidence from New Zealand

PurposeStakeholders' uncertainty about firms' value drives their urge to get information, as well as managerial disclosure choices. In this study, the authors examine whether and how an important source of uncertainty – the recent COVID-19 pandemic's effect on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure – is beyond managerial and stakeholders' control.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a novel construct for daily CSR disclosure by employing computer-aided text analysis (CATA) on the press releases issued by 125 New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZX) listed from 28 February 2020 to 31 December 2020. To capture COVID-19 intensity, the authors use the growth rate of the population-adjusted cumulative sum of confirmed cases in New Zealand on a specific day. To examine the association between the COVID-19 outbreak and companies' CSR disclosure, the authors employed ordinary least squares (OLS) regression by clustering standard error at the firm level.FindingsThe authors find a one standard deviation increase in the COVID-19 outbreak leads to a 28% increase in such disclosures. These results remained robust to a series of sensitivity tests and continue to hold after accounting for potential endogeneity concerns. In the channel analysis, the study demonstrates that the positive relationship between COVID-19 and CSR disclosure is more pronounced in the presence of a well-structured board (i.e. a large, more independent board and with a higher proportion of women on it). In further analysis, the authors find the documented relationship varies over the pandemic's life cycle and is moderated by government stringency response, peer CSR pressure and media coverage.Originality/valueThis paper is the first study that contributes to the scant literature examining the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on CSR disclosure. Prior research either investigates the relationship of the CSR-stock return during the COVID-19 market crisis or examines the relationship between corporate characteristics including the quality of financial information and the reactions of stock returns during COVID-19. The authors extend such studies by providing empirical evidence that managers respond to COVID-19 by increasing CSR disclosure.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and psychological functioning in young adults with chronic pain.

Data are equivocal on the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on pain and well-being for individuals with chronic pain. Furthermore, little is known regarding its impact on the health of young adults with chronic pain. We conducted a longitudinal study to compare pain, psychological functioning, and substance use before and during the pandemic of 196 young adults with chronic pain. Participants aged 18 to 24 years (M = 21.1 years; 79.6% females) reported on pain, anxiety, depression, and substance use before (October 2018-August 2019) and during the pandemic (October 2020-November 2020), in addition to the assessment of COVID-19 exposure and its impact. Before the pandemic, young adults experienced mild-to-moderate pain intensity (M = 3.75, SD = 2.33) and pain interference (M = 3.44, SD = 2.69). Findings were that pain intensity, pain interference, and depression symptoms remained stable during the pandemic. In contrast, anxiety symptoms increased significantly (M = 8.21, SD = 5.84 vs M = 8.89, SD = 5.95, P = 0.04). Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use were unchanged. Mixed linear models revealed that COVID-19 exposure and impact were not associated with changes in pain intensity or interference, with female sex associated with increased pain intensity (β = 0.86, P = 0.02) and pain interference (β = 0.87, P = 0.02). Our findings indicated relative stability of pain symptoms experienced by young adults with chronic pain. However, the increases in anxiety highlight the need to facilitate treatment access for mental health services to mitigate downstream impact.

Increased Drop-Out Rates and Academic Slump as Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic among Students in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

Increased Drop-Out Rates and Academic Slump as Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic among Students in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Dinul Islam KPM-DRI di Gampoeng Lubok Batee, Ingin Jaya, Aceh Besar

As the consequences of Covid-19 pandemic, children’s interest in learning is decreasing. This study was conducted in gampoeng Lubok Batee which aims to see the influence of the implementation Dinul Islam learning during Ramadhan on children’s achievement. The study uses the observation method as the tool in collecting the data. Observation allows the researcher to watch peoples' behaviors and interactions directly, or watch for the results of behaviors or interactions. The researcher implement the program of KPM-DRI in conducting academic and non-academic coaching in order to explore self-potential and improve children's achievement.

Opportunities and Challenges faced by Education Sector as a Consequence of COVID-19 Pandemic - A Review

Many challenges faced by teachers, parents, students and medical students due to COVID-19 pandemic. The transition from classroom teaching to online classes without any plan leads to many opportunities as well as challenges in the education sector. The key challenges in education sector due to COVID-19 are lack of teachers training, students’ motivation, poor internet connectivity and unable to obtain clinical exposure by medical students etc. For many, the transition from tradition classroom to taking classes online has been an easy task because it saves time, less cost, the comfort of taking classes from home and learning tech skills etc. There is emerging need to understand digital resilience.

Globalization versus Localization: The New Management Paradigm of 21th Century

The 21th century challenges and the erosion of the global economic and business networks makes it urgent the rethinking of the main scientific research discourse in management. The article provides the overview of the scientific publications, dedicated to the globalization of the world economy and the main causes of the upcoming deglobalization. It is highlighting the impact of the strengthening trade and techno nationalism as well as the COVID-19 pandemic consequences on the world economy in general and the creation of global value chains in particular. It is also explains the imperative of economic and business processes localization by the degradation of the global environment and climate change. Some authors state that the new theoretical mainstream and a paradigm of management is needed to reflect the realities of the substantial transitions in the global economy.

Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of General Population in India

Background: COVID-19 pandemic poses a challenge to mental health. The perception of stress and its adaptation are determined by individual's risk perception and coping mechanisms. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the perceived stress and behavioral responses owing to COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The online survey recruited 621 respondents. The survey included (1) sociodemographic variables, (2) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-10 item inventory, (3) four items on experience of stress, and (4) eight items on mental health-related lifestyle changes and societal support during the pandemic. Results: Out of 621, majority were females (54.1%) and belonged to the age group of 18–30 years (66.02%). Moderate perceived stress was observed in 67.1% of the respondents. The mean PSS scores were significantly higher among females, age group of 18–30 years, unmarried, educational qualification below undergraduation, and students. Higher perception of work and financial stress were present in 52.67% and 48.3%, respectively. Increased concern about family and vulnerability was confirmed by 89.05% and 54.59%, respectively. Increased work stress was negatively associated with attention toward mental health, emotional support, physical activity, and hobbies. Greater concern for family and vulnerability had showed positive association with attention toward mental health, emotional support, and protective behavior. Conclusion: In COVID-19 pandemic, females, younger age, and students had significantly higher stress perception. Work and financial stress were associated with maladaptive responses, whereas concern about family and feeling vulnerable were accompanied by positive adaptive responses. Thus, evaluating the cognitive and behavioral responses to stressors is imperative to quantify individual's stress perception during exposure to a stressful situation such as pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic effect on female sexual function.

To determine the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on female sexual functions among Turkish women. The present study was performed by using the previous study data that was conducted before the pandemic to detect female sexual function by using questionnaires. Comparison of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores in women during and before the pandemic. Participants were asked to fill questionnaire forms again. FSFI scores of the participants were higher before the pandemic, however, this finding was not statistically significant (21.8 vs 21.0, p = 0.27). BAI and BDI scores with high scores accompanied by anxiety and depression were found statistically significantly higher in the study (11.2 vs 13.3, p < 0.01; 10.0 vs 13.7, p < 0.01; respectively). BAI scores had a negative correlation with FSFI scores, however, BDI scores had not a significant correlation with FSFI scores in the present study (p < 0.01, correlation coefficient = -0.302; p = 0.07; correlation coefficient = -0.183; respectively). Pandemic seems not to affect female sexual behavior. However, the pandemic is associated with anxiety and depression.

TOWARDS WEBCAM-BASED FACE DIRECTION TRACKING TO DETECT LEARNERS' ATTENTION WITHIN ASYNCHRONOUS E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

Abstract. Recently, as a consequence of COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of education at most of the educational institutions depended mainly on e-learning. So, the researchers give more attention for both synchronous and asynchronous e-learning. Although from an economical perspective, asynchronous e-learning seems to be the best e-learning option for institutions, still one of the biggest challenges is how to keep learners motivated for the entire learning process. One of important motivational factors that drives the success of the learning process is the learner attention. Therefore, to retain the learners' attention during the asynchronous e-learning process, we need first to detect their loss of attention. Accordingly, more studies started to focus on detecting learners’ attention. However, those studies can't be widely used for attention detection within asynchronous e-learning environments, as the used approaches tend to be inaccurate, and complex for the design and maintain. In contrast, in this study, we explore the possibility to find a simple way that can be widely used to detect learners' attention within the asynchronous e-learning environments. Therefore, we used webcams which are available in almost every laptop, and computer vision tools to detect learners' attention by tracking their faces. Thereafter, we evaluated the accuracy of our suggested method, the result of this evaluation showed that our method is efficient.

Economic Consequences of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Exchange Rate Behaviour

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; This paper examines the effect of Covid-19 on currency exchange rate behaviour by taking a sample of 37 countries over a period from 4th January 2020 to 30th April 2021. Three variables, such as daily confirmed cases, daily deaths, and the world pandemic uncertainty index (WPUI), are taken as the measure of Covid-19. By applying fixed-effect regression, the study documents that the exchange rate behaves positively to the Covid-19 outbreak, particularly to daily confirmed cases and daily deaths, which implies that the value of other currencies against the US dollar has been depreciated. However, the impact of WPUI is insignificant. On studying the time-varying impact of the pandemic, the study reveals that the Covid-19 has an asymmetric impact on exchange rate over different time frames. Further, it is observed that though daily confirmed cases and daily deaths show a uniform effect, WPUI puts an asymmetric effect on the exchange rate owing to the nature of economies.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

The COVID-19 Pandemic's Effect on Marine National Parks in Thailand

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment, including coral reefs, seagrasses, terrestrial/aquatic animals, waste/sewage, and the economy of 27 marine national parks and four marine national park operations centers. Structured interviews were employed in this study. The results from national park officers indicated that during the COVID-19 pandemic, natural resources, such as coral, seagrass, and terrestrial/aquatic animals, had recovered and become more productive since animals in the area were observed. In addition, the amount of waste in the area has decreased; however, some national parks still have problems with marine debris. In contrast, the economic findings indicated that the number of tourists, both Thai and foreign, has decreased, reducing the total national park revenue by THB 1,507,681,302 (US$50,256,043). Our research shows that there is an important association between the reduction of tourists and environmental quality. In addition, a reduction in revenue may impact the environment through illegal logging and fishing. Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, technology should be used for surveys in the national parks, regularly informing budget support from the government, and tourism management.

The consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with monoclonal gammopathy–associated systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson disease)

The systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS), also known as Clarkson disease, is a rare condition characterized by recurrent life-threatening episodes of capillary hyperpermeability in the presence of a monoclonal gammopathy. Viral infections, especially influenza virus, are known to reveal the disease and to elicit its recurrence.1-3 Patients are asymptomatic between episodes. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance occurs in 3.2% of persons 50 years of age or older and in 5.3% of those 70 years of age or older.

COVID-19 black swan and personal protective equipment (PPE) in Pakistan

PurposeThis paper aimed to examine the sources of information and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. The COVID-19 pandemic affected at a large level of all social institutions including the healthcare system of the countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study was conducted in Pakistan by using an online survey technique. The rationale to opt for this method was based on the country’s lockdown situations, social distancing and the care of the respondents. A total of 847 individuals from different parts of the Punjab province participated in the study. An attitudinal scale was administered, which consisted of statements to measure (dis)agreement among the individuals on current situations of the COVID-19 pandemic. The ethical considerations and confidentiality of the respondents were opted by describing the purpose of research on the first page of the questionnaire.FindingsThe study findings revealed that peer group, signs and symptoms of COVID-19 pandemic and causes and consequences of COVID-19 pandemic had favourable positive effects on the use of PPE by individuals through the mediation of fear of infection during COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the study findings were interpreted as per the effects of current situations of COVID-19 on the sources of information and the use of PPE by individuals.Originality/valueThis study focused on an important gap in the research on COVID-19 pandemic in the country in terms of mass media, health practitioners, peer group, fear of infection and use of PPE.

The lockdown effects on a pediatric obese population in the COVID-19 era

BackgroundThe social consequences of COVID-19 pandemic are universally known. In particular, the pediatric population is dealing with a radical lifestyle change. For some risk categories, such as overweight or obese children, the impact of home confinement has been greater than for others. The increased sedentary life, the wrong diet and social distancing have stopped the chance of losing weight.The aims of this study were to analyse the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the behavior changes in a obese pediatric population and to explore the correlation between the new lifestyle and the level of parental instruction.MethodsData show features of 40 obese and overweight pediatric patients of our Clinic in Messina (Italy). We evaluated weight, height, BMI and other biochemical parameters: total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglyceride, transaminases, glycemia and insulinemia. After the lockdown, we contacted all patients in order to get some information about diet, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle changes in correlation to the level of their parents’ instruction. Additionally, we also evaluated 20 children twice from a clinical and laboratory perspective.ResultsThe study showed an increase of daily meals during COVID-19 lockdown (3.2 ± 0.4 vs 5 ± 1, P < 0.001). In particular, children whose parents have primary school diploma ate a greater significant number of meals during the lockdown, compared to those who have parents with secondary school diploma (P = 0.0019). In addition, the 95% of patients did low physical activity during the lockdown and the 97.5% spent more time in sedentary activity. Even if BMI’s values don’t show significant differences, they have increased after the lockdown. We didn’t find any correlation between biochemical parameters before and after the lockdown.ConclusionThe lockdown has had bad consequences on good style of life’s maintenance in overweight and obese children. The absence of a significant correlation between the worsening of biochemical parameters and the lockdown doesn’t allow to exclude any long-term consequences. It’s safe to assume that, if the hours spent in sedentary activity and the number of meals don’t diminish, there will probably repercussion on the biochemical parameters.

Building Sustainability Resiliency During Post Covid World Focusing ESG And Climate Risk Issue

Purpose of this study: In accordance with the current world economy, building climate sustainability resiliency is very important under the physical risk and transitional risk mitigation. This classification of climate risks could have an enormous positive impact focusing on ESG (Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance) goal achievement during the post-COVID pandemic situation focusing on climate risk issues. The European Green Deal has also increased the EU’s climate ambitions. In addition, global cooperation on sustainable finance has increased and the international context has changed. The financial sector will play a critical role in our transition to sustainability.The strategy of this study aims to support the European Green Deal aims, as well as an inclusive and sustainable recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic consequences. Methodology: In this study, the relative carbon risk and absolute carbon risk is shown based on the dynamic common factor model. The graphical representation of absolute versus relative carbon risk is measured in this time series data based research on the ten years timeline of 2010 to 2019. Main findings: The study shows the graphical figure regardingregion-wise dynamics of the relative and absolute carbon emissions risk in an average by adopting the dynamic common factor model throughout the global level by obtaining the Kalman filtering tool. Research limitations/Implications: Lack of resources of primary data is the main creating hindering effect that is faced in this study. This article portrays the increase in CO2 emissions leading to consequences of climate risk also accelerating these problems within the regions and countries mentioned in this research. Novelty/Originality: Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the developed nations, as well as emerging economies, are facing vulnerability in the area of financial, governmental, environmental to be sustainably resilient. This is the high time of detecting these problems and taking precautionary measures by the policymakers and government in the economic sector by adopting implementable methodologies. This study may benefit readers by advancing the existing knowledge or creating new knowledge in this subject. The current study reflects the situation of forthcoming researchers who intends to study as well as interested in this particular area.

Impact of COVID-19 on Higher Education System: University Student’s Perspective

Using a qualitative research approach, the current analysis aimed to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on Bangladesh's higher education from the viewpoint of students. The report comprises a survey of 300 students from higher education institutions. Convenient sampling method is used to pick fifty university students for the study in order to collect enough data to answer the test query. They were students from Bangladesh's eight universities and three other institutions, including five public universities and three private universities. The pandemic of Covid-19 has wreaked havoc on all facets of human life, including education. It has culminated in learning experiences that have never been seen before. Many schools and universities have shut their doors and moved their teaching and learning to the internet. This study found that there has an effect of COVID-19 on higher education system in Bangladesh. Both the government and private universities are required to work together to resolve the academic delays as fast as possible, such as the closing of educational schools and the transition to online schooling, have had a serious impact on the education sector and students' lives. This is the first study of Bangladesh. This study tries to find out the problem of education systems and solving the problem of Bangladesh which will be a great effect on the education system of Bangladesh and the economy.

The Effects of Corona Virus Pandemic on Children

Abstract&#x0D; Background.&#x0D; With the outbreak of the deadly COVID -19 worldwide, children are at the risk of child abuse due to rising unemployment rates and school closures. The corona virus pandemic has caused a lot of stress especially to parents and guardians who have lost their jobs and such stress has heightened and increased family violence especially abuse against children.&#x0D; Methods&#x0D; A sample of 26 Child welfare professionals (64% female and 36% male ) practicing in Uganda completed a web survey regarding the COVID-19 experiences especially in connection to child welfare service delivery and well being during the COVID-19 pandemic.&#x0D; Results &#x0D; This study identified the impact of corona virus pandemic on the life of children associated with child abuse and their coping measures. The fact that COVID-19 will continue to spread rapidly worldwide has caused immense consequences in regard to children’s safety and well-being. The major consequence of the pandemic is the risk of increased child maltreatment perpetuated by parents who lost their jobs as a result of the pandemic. This study identified parental job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic as the main cause for child maltreatment and physical abuse. Nevertheless, the findings support cognitive reframing as a measure to control physical abuse by parents. The financial hardships caused by COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact children’s safety and well-being. The consequences of COVID-19 pandemic are evident that the risk of child maltreatment increases as stress accumulates.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; In conclusion, as world leaders and scientists make efforts to tackle the public health and economic threat resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic; further research on the impact of COVID-19 on family existence and functioning will be significant in establishing empirically based policies, interventions and different practices to support victims of child maltreatment and physical abuse.