Effects Of COVID-19 Pandemic Research Articles

Kebijakan Berorientasi Misi untuk Mempromosikan Teknologi Digital dalam Mengatasi Ketimpangan Pendidikan dan Mendorong Pembangunan Inklusif di Brasil

The COVID-19 pandemic's consequences have increased inequality and poverty around the world, making it harder to meet the Sustainable Development Goals. One of the main issues is the lack of education experienced by those who are mostly socioeconomically disadvantaged. Due to the technology gap, many underprivileged kids were left behind during the lockdown and school closure since access to the digital tools and infrastructure required to provide continuity of learning remotely was adopted and accessed unequally. For example, 5.5 million children and teenagers in Brazil didn't have access to education in 2020. The present and future of a generation, their families, and the economic and productive capacity of the entire society are all impacted by such a loss, which enlarges the educational gap that already existed in the nation. This situation demonstrates the necessity for governments to prioritise strong measures to close the digital gap in addition to reopening schools. These policies can encourage learning and inclusion of children and adolescents in the information age, which is influencing new methods of learning, working, and living. As a result, this article analyses the digital education gap in Brazil's context and offers suggestions to the ministry of education. The goal is to direct the creation of well-structured policies to make use of technological opportunities to develop the fundamental educational system. The ideas are based on mission-focused and frame 3 innovation strategies, with a particular emphasis on bolstering digital inclusion in basic education, which is essential to advancing social justice and the SDGs. Keywords: Mission-Oriented Policy, Digital Technology, Educational Inequality, Inclusive Development

A Statistical Analysis of Positive Excess Mortality at Covid-19 in 2020-2021

When it comes to making assessments about public health, the mortality rate is a very important factor. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated well-known biases that affect the measurement of mortality, which varies with time and place. The COVID-19 pandemic took the world off surveillance, and since the outbreak, it has caused damage that many would have thought unthinkable in the present era. By estimating excess mortality for 2020 and 2021, we provide a thorough and consistent evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects. Excess mortality is a term used in epidemiology and public health to describe the number of fatalities from all causes during a crisis that exceeds what would be expected under 'normal' circumstances. Excess mortality has been used for thousands of years to estimate health emergencies and pandemics like the 1918 "Spanish Flu"6. Positive excess mortality occurs when actual deaths exceed previous data or recognized patterns. It could demonstrate how a pandemic affects the mortality rate. The estimates of positive excess mortality presented in this research are generated using the procedure, data, and methods described in detail in the Methods section and briefly summarized in this study. We explored different regression models in order to find the most effective factor for our estimates. We predict the pandemic period all-cause deaths in locations lacking complete reported data using the Poisson, Negative Binomial count framework. By overdispersion test, we checked the assumption of the Poisson model, and then we chose the negative binomial as a good fitting model for this analysis through Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) and Standardized residual plots, after that checking the P-value<0.05; we found some significant predictors from our choosing model Negative binomial model, and the coefficient of all predictors gave the information that some factors have a positive effect, and some has a negative effect at positive excess mortality at COVID-19 (2020-2021).

Validation of Questionnaire Designed to Determine Medical Students’ Perspective on the Inexorable Changes in Teaching and Learning Medicine as a Consequence of Covid-19 Pandemic

Validation of Questionnaire Designed to Determine Medical Students’ Perspective on the Inexorable Changes in Teaching and Learning Medicine as a Consequence of Covid-19 Pandemic

Suicide among Iranians doctors

Background: All nations are affected by the global issues of doctor suicide and depression. Of course, the COVID-19 pandemic's effects have to be taken into account as well. Aims: This article was written because this subject is significant on a worldwide scale. In this area, Iran lacks both accurate official statistics and scientific research. This article can be viewed as a significant starting step. Methods: Data was gathered by looking through all of the trustworthy Iranian media that covered the suicides of doctors between February 2020 and February 2023. Results: Iranian doctors who took their own lives tended to be young, female, residents, and specialists. The majority of doctors took drugs to end their life. Conclusion: Iranian doctors' suicide rates and the rise in the number of unexpected fatalities among doctors, particularly among young medical residents, are concerning. Therefore, there is a critical need for additional study, management, and preventative measures

Reasons for choosing Russia as the main direction of labor migration from Tajikistan in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and sanctions

The article examines the impact of the currency crisis and the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on labor migration from Tajikistan to Russia, the impact of new anti-Russian sanctions by the European Union and United States of America on Tajik labor migrants, as well as the repulsive factors of the reorientation of migrants from Tajikistan to a new direction of labor emigration to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and the Persian Gulf. Russia is the main migration channel for labor migrants from Tajikistan. During the entire period of their stay in Russia they face various crisis phenomena in the country along with the local population. Each crisis in Russia has had a different negative impact on the situation of Tajik labor migrants. During the currency crisis in 2014–2015, Tajik migrants lost their income by twice due to the fall in the Russian ruble exchange rate. During the COVID-19 period, because of the introduction of a self-isolation regime in Russia, since the end of March 2020, the Russian labor market has been compressed, many Tajik labor migrants have lost their jobs. The new anti-Russian sanctions have already affected Tajikistan. Due to the European and the United States sanctions against Russia, the total flow of labor migration from Tajikistan to Russia has decreased. The aim of the article is to identify the attractive factors of the orientation of Tajik migrants to labor emigration to Russia and the repulsive factors of the reorientation of Tajik migrants to a new direction of labor emigration to the OECD and Persian Gulf countries.

Mental Health: Pandemics, Epidemics and Tau Protein.

It is well established that a wide range of psychological disorders are influenced by the way people live, with lifestyle-related factors playing a substantial role. During the past decade, the effects of major disasters on mental health have drawn a lot of attention. In this review, we compare clinical studies reporting a link between COVID-19 and other pandemics and mental health. Importantly, we also shed light on Tau protein and neurotransmitters as neurobiological factors that might explain this link. A thorough PubMed search was done to gather and summarize published data on the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on mental health. Additionally, these studies were compared to previous research published on PubMed, triggering other pandemic and epidemic impacts on mental health. The COVID-19 epidemic has had the biggest impact on raising awareness about mental health. Moreover, the past century has seen an increase in the frequency of disease outbreaks like MERS-CoV, Ebola, and Influenza, which all had an impact on mental health. However, the exact role of these epidemics on mental health and brain functions is poorly understood. Future research on the underlying pathways may yield essential information for the treatment and prevention of prospective mental diseases in light of the ongoing decline in mental health during the past 10 years.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Software Business Enterprises in Pakistan: Analysis and Implications

The COVID-19 pandemic emerged over three years ago as a public health crisis, swiftly evolving into a worldwide economic crisis with far-reaching implications for global business enterprises and industries. The unprecedented disruption has varied across sectors, with some experiencing severe consequences while others have thrived. As governments and economies continue to recover from the pandemic's effects, it is crucial to analyze and comprehend these impacts to foster sustainable growth and prepare for future disruptions. This study aims to examine the COVID-19 pandemic's ramifications on Pakistan's software business enterprises by addressing three exploratory research questions: a) the pandemic's influence on Pakistan's software business enterprises, b) actions and initiatives undertaken by these enterprises during the pandemic, and c) the contributions made by these enterprises in combating the pandemic. Employing a mixed-methods approach, a survey research design was developed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods to create a questionnaire grounded in a literature review. The findings of the survey are presented and discussed in-depth. This research contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on business enterprises and industries.

Reshaping the structure of the World Trade Network: a pivotal role for China?

In recent years, the global trade landscape has undergone significant changes, particularly in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis and more recently as a consequence of Covid-19 pandemic. To understand the structure of international trade and the impact of these changes, this study applies a combination of network analysis and causal inference techniques to the most extensive coverage of available data in terms of time span and spatial extension. The study is conducted in two phases. The first one explores the structure of international trade by providing a comprehensive analysis of the World Trade Network (WTN) from various perspectives, including the identification of key players and clusters of strongly interacting countries. The second phase investigates the impact of the rising role of China on the global structure of the WTN. Overall, the results highlight a structural change in the WTN, evidenced by a variety of network metrics, around China’s rapid growth years. Additionally, the reshaping of the WTN is not only accompanied by a significant increase in trade flows between China and its partners, but also by a corresponding decline in trade among non-China-partner countries. These results suggest that China played a pivotal role in the restructuring of the WTN in the first decades of this century. The findings of this study shed light on the interpretation of the rapidly changing landscape of global trade.

Surveillance To Track Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication — Worldwide, 2021–2022

Since the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was established in 1988, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined by >99.9%, and WPV serotypes 2 and 3 have been declared eradicated (1). By the end of 2022, WPV type 1 (WPV1) transmission remained endemic only in Afghanistan and Pakistan (2,3). However, during 2021-2022, Malawi and Mozambique reported nine WPV1 cases that were genetically linked to Pakistan (4,5), and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks were detected in 42 countries (6). cVDPVs are oral poliovirus vaccine-derived viruses that can emerge after prolonged circulation in populations with low immunity allowing reversion to neurovirulence and can cause paralysis. Polioviruses are detected primarily through surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), and poliovirus is confirmed through stool specimen testing. Environmental surveillance, the systematic sampling of sewage and testing for the presence of poliovirus, supplements AFP surveillance. Both surveillance systems were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on public health activities during 2020 (7,8) but improved in 2021 (9). This report updates previous reports (7,9) to describe surveillance performance during 2021-2022 in 34 priority countries.* In 2022, a total of 26 (76.5%) priority countries met the two key AFP surveillance performance indicator targets nationally compared with 24 (70.6%) countries in 2021; however, substantial gaps remain in subnational areas. Environmental surveillance expanded to 725 sites in priority countries, a 31.1% increase from the 553 sites reported in 2021. High-quality surveillance is critical to rapidly detect poliovirus transmission and enable prompt poliovirus outbreak response to stop circulation. Frequent monitoring of surveillance guides improvements to achieve progress toward polio eradication.

Fighting against COVID‐19: Innovations and applications

Fighting against <scp>COVID</scp>‐19: Innovations and applications

A literature review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer behaviour: implications for consumer-centric logistics

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes in consumer behaviour, which has had a cascading effect on consumer-centric logistics. As a result, this study conducts a focused literature review of pandemic-related consumer behaviour research to address two research questions: 1) what are the pandemic's direct effects on consumer consumption behaviour, with an emphasis on changes in their basic and psychological needs? and 2) what are the consequences of behavioural changes on consumer-centric logistics?Design/methodology/approachThe scientific procedure and rationales for systematic literature review (SPAR-4-SLR) protocol and the theory, context, characteristics and methodology (TCCM) framework were adopted as a guideline to map, refine, evaluate and synthesise the literature. A total of 53 research articles were identified for further analysis.FindingsUsing Maslow's hierarchy of human needs as a theoretical guide, this review synthesises the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on consumer behaviour into four categories: abnormal buying behaviour, changes in consumer preferences, digitalisation of shopping behaviour and technology-related behaviour. Furthermore, four consumer-centric logistics propositions are proposed based on the four aspects of consumer behavioural changes.Originality/valueThis study outlines the significant behavioural changes in consumers in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and how these changes impact consumer-centric logistics, with implications for managing consumers' involvement in logistics and pointing out future research directions.

Influence of digital divide in the entrepreneurial motor of a digital economy: a system dynamics approach

The creation of digital ventures in developing countries is an alternative to the generation of jobs in the ICT sector, but the lack of qualified individuals in ICT-related skills inhibits the growth of new companies, a gap that is analyzed with the digital divide theory. This research aims to understand the dynamics using a simulation model that combines aspects of the adoption of ICTS, internet availability, skills, with the entrepreneurial motor of innovation systems. The methodology is developed with data from a national ICT survey and organizations in Colombia. Different scenarios are analyzed regarding ICT education and inclusive policies. Results show that Covid-19 pandemic consequences could have a negative effect during five years and that under a scenario of accelerated growth of ICT, the sector could demand up to 400.000 ICT- related jobs by 2035. The main contribution of this research is the understanding of the ICT systems from an inclusive perspective, identifying the key variables that determine the growth of ventures and the development of digital skills among individuals.

Relevance and Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic From 7th-13th December, 2021 Across Different Countries

Relevance and Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic From 7th-13th December, 2021 Across Different Countries

Consequences of COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopedic Residents' Clinical and Academic Performance, and the Subsequent Impact on Their Mental Status in Saudi Arabia.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic residency programs was substantial worldwide. Orthopedic residency programs eventually survived such a hardship with implementation of certain measures. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopedic trainees was variable relative to the country in which orthopedic residency program is based. This study aimed to assess the experience of the orthopedic residents during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia and consequences on mental health, academic performance, and clinical training. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to August 2021. An online survey was sent to the orthopedic residents in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was arranged into four sections pertaining to demographic data, academic activity, mental health, and clinical activity. One-hundred forty-four orthopedic residents participated with mean age of 28.7 ± 5.67 years. Males were 108 (75%) and females were 36 (25%). Fifty-four (37.5%) residents worked in COVID-19 isolation unit. One-hundred twenty residents (83.3%) treated COVID-19 patients. Thirty residents (20.8%) had positive COVID-19 tests. Eighty-four (58.3%) residents were quarantined. Overall online education was difficult (41%). Half of the participants faced online difficulties in technicality, maintaining attention, and interaction with audience and examiners. Prospective research conduction was difficult (71.4%). More than 50% of residents experienced difficulties with isolation, quarantine, socialization, and anxiety of disease transmission. Physical examination was difficult for 50% of trainees. No shortage of PPE supply was reported. Getting hands-on surgical training was very difficult (47.8%). COVID-19 pandemic had an adverse impact on Saudi orthopedic residents in terms of academic performance, mental wellbeing, and clinical training. After all, adequate level of orthopedic training quality was maintained. In crises, collaborative efforts are needed to minimize undesirable consequences on the trainees' competency level. Residency program decision makers should utilize all available strategies to optimize the training environment to achieve the required competency level.

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anesthesia techniques in tertiary hospital: general anesthesia or regional anesthesia - a retrospective cohort study.

We aimed to find out how the pandemic process changed the anesthesia methods applied in Çorum Single Tertiary Region Hospital. In our hospital, we investigated the anesthesia methods used for surgical procedures before and during the pandemic, the number of cases, and the impact of the pandemic on emergency and elective surgeries. This is a retrospective cohort study comparing COVID-19 pandemic's effect on the number of surgical operations and anesthesia techniques. The 22-month surgeries during the pandemic period and the 22-month pre-pandemic surgeries were compared in terms of anesthesia methods, branch-specific, and overall case changes. The data obtained were analyzed comparatively in terms of anesthetic techniques, branch-specific and overall case changes of the patients operated on in the operating room before and during the pandemic. While 65,984 surgical procedures were performed in the pre-pandemic period, only 54,352 were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The total number of surgical procedures decreased by 17.63% during the pandemic. While there was a 21.1% decrease in elective surgeries due to the pandemic, there was a 71.43% increase in emergency surgeries during the pandemic period. There was a significant disparity in the distribution of both elective and emergency cases by surgical specialty. It was found that the surgical specialties that received the most cases during the pandemic were General Surgery, Obstetrics-Gynecologic Surgery, Urologic Surgery and Orthopedic Surgery. During the COVID-19 pandemic, regional anesthesia (RA) was used in 16.95% of cases (as the primary technique). The use of RA as the primary anesthetic technique was significantly higher (10.61%) than in the pre-pandemic data. It was observed that specialties such as General Surgery, Obstetrics-Gynecologic Surgery, Urologic Surgery, And Orthopedic Surgery were prominent in the distribution of regional anesthesia. The COVID-19 pandemic was not the first and will not be the last and during this period we saw how important the personnel and material management are. Our study plays an important role in showing the uneven distribution of expected surgical procedures in operating rooms during the pandemic situation. It may provide guidance on the distribution of limited and essential personnel and personal protective equipment (PPE, medications, etc.) during the pandemic period. In this context, regional anesthesia may play an important role in the future because it can provide high-quality perioperative care to patients while minimizing the preference for general anesthesia during surgical procedures, thus minimizing personnel burden and limited resource use.

COVID-19 vaccine rollout: data from informal settlements in Harare, Kampala, Lilongwe and Mumbai.

While the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on the health of low-income urban communities in the global South has not been insignificant, the results of state responses carried out without full consideration of poverty consequences have been very serious. Vaccination, which supports both health and economic recovery, is one way people can reduce the risk of further exclusion. This field note, drawing on surveys from informal settlements in Harare, Kampala, Lilongwe and Mumbai between August and November 2021 by national affiliates of Slum Dwellers International (SDI), provides a snapshot of how global vaccine inequalities have played out across these cities. We find that access to local vaccine programmes is influenced by both global supply and existing local-level inequities; that a low or unreliable supply, among other factors, limits political will to invest in reaching already underserved communities; and that local context and the heterogeneity of communities are key to understanding low vaccine uptake.

Maintaining quality of higher education during difficult times: Accreditation compliance in foreign language education

The world has witnessed substantial changes as a consequence of Covid-19 pandemic in many spheres of life including higher education. Assuring quality and maintaining compliance with accreditation criteria during the pandemic have been two critical considerations requiring change and adaptation in higher education institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate challenges in terms of assuring and sustaining quality and completing accreditation self-study process effectively under the circumstances of the pandemic. The study featured a case study design employing qualitative research methodology through interviews conducted mainly face-to-face and over Zoom. A semi-structured interview from created by the researcher was used to collect data from 10 instructors involved in the accreditation self-study process of a program during the most chaotic period of the pandemic. The themes that emerged from the study based on quality criteria and influence of the pandemic were: “Course Delivery”, “Format and Content of Assessment” and “Instructors’ Professional Development”. The perceptions of the instructors on the aforementioned themes were elaborated on and discussed in the study from different perspectives.

Descriptive Statistical Model of COVID-19 Pandemic's Effect on Human Eyesight

Descriptive Statistical Model of COVID-19 Pandemic's Effect on Human Eyesight

DÜNYA EKONOMİSİNDE KRİZ İŞARETLERİ

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic's economic effects, geopolitical unrest, natural disasters, and social unrest have caused the global economy to face unprecedented difficulties and uncertainties. Numerous indicators point to the potential for a global recession or even depression, which could have catastrophic effects on millions of people. The US dollar and US consumer spending are two significant components of the global economy that are examined in this article. It examines how the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on consumer spending and the dollar's strength have affected world trade, growth, inflation, and financial stability. Additionally, it discusses a few possible regional and national policy responses to these problems. The article provides a thorough and critical overview of these subjects by utilizing theoretical insights and empirical data from various sources. It aims to inform and captivate readers who are curious about the state and prospects of the global economy today.

Forecasting COVID-19 Infection Using Encoder-Decoder LSTM and Attention LSTM Algorithms

The COVID-19 epidemic has in fact placed the whole community in a dire predicament that has led to numerous tragedies, including an economic downturn, political unrest, and job losses. Forecasting and identifying COVID-19 infection cases is crucial for the government at all levels because the pandemic grows exponentially and results in fatalities. Hence, by giving information about the spread of the epidemic, the government can move quickly at multiple levels to establish new policies and modalities in order to minimize the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic's effects on both public health and the economic sectors. Forecasting models for COVID-19 infection cases in the Ural region in Russia were developed using two deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) learning-based approaches namely Encoder–Decoder LSTM and Attention LSTM algorithms. The models were evaluated based on five standard performance evaluation metrics which include Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root MSE (RMSE), Relative RMSE (RRMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2). However, the Encoder–Decoder LSTM deep learning-based forecasting model achieved the best performance results (MSE=32794.09, MAE=168.56, RMSE=181.09, RRMSE=13.46, and R2=0.87) compared to the model developed with Attention LSTM models.