COVID-19 Pandemic In Indonesia Research Articles

Happiness amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: exploring gender, residence type, and pandemic severity

This study delves into the dynamics shaping happiness levels in Indonesia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically emphasizing gender and residence-type disparities. Using data from the 2017 and 2021 Happiness Level Measurement Survey, it offers insights into how different population segments were affected. The analysis employs a multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic model, considering individuals nested within provinces, and measures pandemic severity using positive COVID-19 cases per 100,000 residents. This study evaluates pandemic-related happiness shifts using nationwide cross-sectional survey data from two timeframes. It derives substantial statistical strength from data involving 137,000+ respondents gathered through comprehensive face-to-face interviews. It mitigates recall bias by capturing happiness at two distinct time points, avoiding retrospective measures. The study examines and validates four research questions. First, higher COVID-19 cases in provinces correlate with lower happiness. Second, though women were happier than men, the pandemic reduced this gender-based gap. Third, urban residents were generally happier than rural residents, but the pandemic narrowed this difference. All the estimates exhibit statistical significance at the 1 percent level. Finally, while provincial poverty showed minimal happiness impact, a negative association between unequal per capita expenditure and happiness emerged, providing partial backing for investigating the role of macroeconomic conditions. This study reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic altered happiness dynamics in Indonesia, narrowing gender and residence-based gaps. It also emphasizes the role of socioeconomic factors, particularly unequal per capita expenditure, in influencing individual happiness, highlighting implications for targeted policy interventions.

Customer’s Responses to Changes in Islamic Banking Service Post Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This research focuses on identifying customers' responses to the changes that limit direct service and implementing online-based Islamic banking services. This study uses a mix-method approach and results of interviews with Islamic bank staff and questionnaires to 260 respondents, showed that the changes that accommodate Covid-19 protocol in CARTER were received positively by customers as a form of empathy and response to their complaints. It also emphasizes that the pandemic is not an entirely negative phenomenon. Instead, it gives momentum for business development through a transformation toward the digital banking services that trend in financial business.  

TikTok: How the Application Became the Motivation for Online Learning for EFL Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This research aims to determine whether the social media application TikTok effectively increases the motivation for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students to learn English using senior high school students in Tangerang, Indonesia, for the study. As 2022’s sixth most often used social media application in the world, TikTok provides many features that can be easily used for teaching and learning EFL. As a result, the researchers chose TikTok as a medium in the English teaching-learning process. A quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design and data collection through pre-tests and post-tests was used by the researchers along with quantitative descriptive research used in the data analysis, normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing (Mann-Whitney U). The results can be seen from the pre-test and post-test analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test, namely sig < 5% (0.000 < 0.05), and H0 was rejected which means that there is a significant difference in students’ motivation when learning English between the experimental class who were taught using the TikTok application and the control class students who were not taught using TikTok.

High School Students' Health Literacy Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The global crisis due to COVID-19 demanded changes in people’s behavior to adapt to the pandemic. One factor that determined behaviors was literacy skills, especially in the health sector. A study related to the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out on high school students to assess students’ health literacy and determine related factors. Data collection was carried out from December 2021 to February 2022 by dividing urban areas, developing districts, and remote regions. The Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) was adapted to suit the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was interpreted as descriptive-narrative. Differences in literacy ability and the relationship with influencing factors were analyzed using ordinal regression and SEM-AMOS analysis. Limited health literacy was found in students from remote areas. A significant relationship was found between health literacy and class interest based on the ordinal regression test results. In contrast, health literacy was not related to gender, grade level, infected experience, and domicile. It was found that the ability to navigate health system information had a significant effect on students’ understanding of health literacy. Health literacy, which was low and unequal, is expected to improve strategic and sustainable education programs through science learning and physical health. Keywords: Health Literacy, COVID-19, Indonesia

Leprosy Health Promotion during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many conventional -face-to-face health promotion events to be conducted in an adaptive manner to keep healthcare in promotion, prevention, and even curative measures delivered to healthcare providers and patients. The same applies to leprosy, where Indonesia is still ranked as the third largest country with leprosy burden. This study aims to give rise to newer methods of health promotion on leprosy during this COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Online training and case presentation workshop in the form of a KATAMATAKU webinar [MOU1] and live streaming via YouTube were held in August 2020. There were 120 general practitioners, 30 nurses, and 35 healthcare providers who registered and joined this event.[MOU2]  Pre- and post-test [MOU3] were conducted to evaluate the participants' knowledge about the topics lectured during this training[MOU4] . Pre- and post-test were conducted using an online form, and all participants needed to answer several questions from each session. Participants were evaluated before the webinar began and after all sessions. We assessed the different scores from the pre- and post-test. Results: In the general practitioner group, median scores were 68 (27 – 95) and 82 (50 – 100) for pre- and post-test scores, respectively, with a mean difference between post and pre-test of 14.23+9.72. In nurses and other health care providers, the median for the pre-test score was 56 (22-89), and the post-test was 72 (39 – 100), with a mean difference between the post and pre-test of 18.93+10.27. Conclusion: In the pandemic situation, online seminars can be chosen as an effective method for health promotion to increase health care provider's knowledge. Pre- and post-test can be performed to evaluate participant's knowledge after the training. Regular training using online methods can be held in order to maintain participants' knowledge. We hope it can impact all health providers to continue their participation in the management of leprosy.

Women on boards and ESG performance: empirical evidence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and Malaysia

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether the presence of women in the boardroom influences companies’ environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Furthermore, it examines whether the COVID-19 pandemic and family control affect the relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses nonfinancial firms listed on the Indonesia and Malaysia Stock Exchange during 2018-2021. Thomson Reuters’ database is used to collect the ESG scores. Using 312 firm-year observations, the authors apply multiple regressions and sensitivity testing to ensure the robustness of the results.FindingsThis study provides empirical evidence that the presence of women in the boardroom improves companies’ ESG and family control weakens the relationship. Meanwhile, there is no support on the moderating effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors also conducted additional tests using ESG pillars (i.e. environment, social and governance pillars) as the dependent variable. The findings are robust to alternative samplings.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to Indonesia and Malaysia, thus affecting the generalizability of the results to all developing countries. The sample size is relatively small due to data limitations related to the availability of ESG scores.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study provide a basis for the government to establish mandatory regulations regarding sustainability performance. The positive relationship between women on boards and better ESG performance suggests that encouraging gender diversity in corporate leadership can improve sustainability practices. The government may consider implementing gender quota regulations to increase women's representation on corporate boards.Social implicationsShareholders can pursue investment portfolios in socially responsible companies, prioritizing ESG performance. In addition, investors should consider the presence of women in the company’s boardroom and whether family control exists when making investment decisions.Originality/valueOverall, the originality and significance of this research lie in its comprehensive examination of the moderating factors, the inclusion of different governance systems in the sample, and the exploration of psychological aspects, contributing to a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the relationship between women on boards and ESG performance in the context of developing countries.

Determinant factors related to stress, resilience, and depression among health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Determinant factors related to stress, resilience, and depression among health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

THE ROLE OF PROFITABILITY AS A CHANNEL ON INFLUENCING THE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMICS ON STOCK RETURNS IN THE INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influenced stock returns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, with profitability functioning as an intervening variable. It acts as a mediating variable, influencing how macroeconomic factors impact a company's stock returns. Companies with higher profitability can withstand macroeconomic impacts, leading to higher returns. It is crucial for a company to avoid rising stock returns and ensure stability. The population in this study is the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research sample consists of the consumer goods industry from 2020 to 2022.Sampling uses purposive sampling with data from 26 companies and 312 quarterly financial report data. Test the hypothesis using SmartPLS. The study reveals that exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation all negatively impact stock returns, with profitability acting as an intervening variable. Additionally, inflation also negatively impacts stock returns. This research implies that exchange rate stability is essential for companies carrying out export-import activities as a means of transaction in trade. The increase in interest rates encourages investors to continue investing in stocks because they are temporary and will return to their original level. Understanding the role of profitability in the relationship between macroeconomic factors and stock performance can help investors make more informed decisions.

Fluctuations and disparity in broiler and carcass price before during and after covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze fluctuations and disparity in broiler and carcass prices before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic in five broiler-producing regions in Indonesia, including North Sumatra, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and South Sulawesi. Weekly data series were used to analyze fluctuations and disparity before (2017–February 2020), during (March 2020–2022), and after (January–June 2023) COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, Coefficient of variation (CV) and convergence models were also used during the analysis. The results showed that broiler price fluctuations in the five study areas were categorized as “medium” before and during pandemic. After pandemic, the majority of the areas were in the “low” category, except for South Sulawesi province, where CV was 10.02%. Carcass price fluctuations were categorized as “low” and “moderate” before and during COVID-19 pandemic. After the viral outbreak, all the provinces investigated in this study were classified as “low”. This indicated that the variability in carcass price decreased across all provinces after pandemic. The coefficient value of β1 was less than 1 indicating that broiler and carcass price did not show significant disparity between regions at all periods. The primary drivers of fluctuations and disparity were related to production and availability factors, and the government played a role in maintaining stability in producing areas.

The use of accounting information with environmental uncertainty as moderating variable

This study investigates the factors that influence MSMEs in using accounting information, considering the challenges posed by environmental uncertainty, particularly in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The study focuses on independent variables such as business scale, company age, organizational culture, and leading period. The research population comprises a total of 15,895 MSMEs in Kudus Regency. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. The sample obtained was 104 respondents. The data analysis utilized Partial Least Square - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed that business scale, organizational culture, and leading period positively influence the utilization of accounting information. However, company age was found to have no significant impact on the use of accounting information. Environmental uncertainty did not moderate the effect of business scale, company age, organizational culture, and leading period on the use of accounting information. The study provides valuable insights for MSMEs to improve their performance by incorporating accounting information into business operations. It suggests that the Department of Manpower, Industry, Cooperatives, and Small and Medium Enterprises in Kudus Regency should prioritize MSMEs’ welfare through training programs.

Policies Relating to Criminal Economic Law to Overcome the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The legal vacuum (leemten in het recht) surrounding Criminal Economic Law in Indonesia amid the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic necessitates the formulation of appropriate legal policies to address this novel phenomenon. This study aims to elucidate the existing legal policies pertaining to Criminal Economic Law in Indonesia and to propose policies specifically tailored to mitigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Adopting a normative legal research approach with a legislative and conceptual focus, the study examines both substantive and procedural legal aspects. The findings reveal two main categories of policies: those of substantive law and procedural law. These policies strive to strike a balance between providing deterrence against economic crimes while considering the unique challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of formulating legal policies that reflect proportional justice, effectively deterring economic crimes while considering the context of the ongoing public health crisis.

Socio-demographic correlation to zakat participation during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The Covid-19 pandemic that has occurred in various countries including Indonesia is a concern for various parties. It seems that it is starting to be felt in various professional backgrounds including in the economy. One of the Islamic financial instruments that can help improve current economic conditions is zakat. This study aims to determine various socio-demographic variables (zone, domicile, age, gender, occupation, latest education, income per month, average expenditure per month). This research was conducted with a descriptive quantitative approach with a total sample size of 396 people with techniques and data through an electronic questionnaire within a period of 1 month. Further data were analyzed by cross tabulation and correlation Pearson (r value). Based on the results of the study, it is known that there are 3 variables, namely: domicile, occupation, and income per month with the frequency of giving zakat during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Muslims' Financial Management Behavior during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia and Malaysia

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the order of life worldwide, including Indonesia and Malaysia. This study aims to capture the financial management behaviour of Muslims in Indonesia and Malaysia during the pandemic and the relation between demographic profile and financial management behaviour. This research is quantitative research utilising the chi-square test. 427 data were collected using a closed questionnaire distributed to respondents who fit the research criteria. The result concludes that both countries exhibit similar financial management behaviour. Moreover, financial management behaviour is related to monthly income in both countries.

FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS OF PT WIJAYA KARYA (PERSERO) TBK. DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (2020-2022) TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON THE COMPANY'S FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

A significant decrease in profit was experienced by PT Wijaya Karya (Persero) Tbk during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia, which decreased by 33.48% in 2021 and decreased by 94.13% in 2022. However, company performance cannot be measured by profit levels alone. Descriptive analysis using financial ratios such as liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios is the basis of this research. It is concluded that the company's performance during the pandemic is not good, if the resulting financial ratio analysis is compared to the industry average standard. Average current ratio is still far below industry standards, which is 106% compared to 200%. Average quick ratio is still far below the industry standard, which is 78% compared to 150%. Average cash ratio is still far below industry standards, which is 23% compared to 50%. Average debt to equity ratio shows a value far above the industry standard, which is 312% compared to 90%, even exceeding the maximum debt to equity ratio limit of 200%. Average debt to asset ratio shows a value far above the industry standard, which is 76% compared to 35%. Average total asset turnover is still far below the industry standard, which is 0.26 times compared to 2 times. Average fixed asset turnover is still far below the industry standard, which is 2.60 times compared to 5 times. Average NPM is still far below the industry standard, which is 1.07% compared to 20%. Average ROE is far below the industry standard, at 1.08% compared to 40%.

Lessons Learned From Telephone-Based Data Collection for Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia.

The Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) is a longitudinal survey held routinely since 2014 to collect demographic, social, and health changes in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, we needed to adjust our method of conducting data collection from in-person to telephone interviews. We describe the Sleman HDSS data collection strategy used and the opportunities it presented. First, the Sleman HDSS team completed a feasibility study and adjusted the standard operational procedures to conduct telephone interviews. Then, the Sleman HDSS team collected data via a telephone interview in September-October 2020. Ten interviewers were equipped with an e-HDSS data collection application installed on an Android-based tablet to collect data. The sample targeted was 5,064 households. The telephone-based data collection successfully interviewed 1,674 households (33% response rate) in 17 subdistricts. We changed the data collection strategy so that the Sleman HDSS could still be conducted and we could get the latest data from the population. Compared to in-person interviewing, data collection via telephone was sufficiently practical. The telephone interview was a safe and viable data collection method. To increase the response rate, telephone number activation could be checked, ways of building rapport could be improved, and engagement could be improved by using social capital.

Benford’s law analysis to evaluate the quality data of COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance in Indonesia

Countries worldwide, including Indonesia, grappled with the unprecedented challenges brought about by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Surveillance data vividly illustrates the profound effect of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Both daily cases and deaths were raised, revealing the rapid transmission of the virus within communities. A quantitative study using a statistical approach was accomplished with secondary data to evaluate the quality of COVID-19 epidemiological surveillance data in Indonesia during the period between March 2020 to January 2021. The data was sourced from the World Health Organization (WHO) website using data reports on COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths. A rapid tool called the first digit law or the fulfillment of Benford’s law was used to suggest good data quality for epidemiological surveillance. Data analysis used the Chi-squared test and the log-likelihood ratio test. Also, it displayed the difference in mean absolute deviation (MAD) to identify the proximity of the data and Benford’s law distribution. The results showed that both confirmed, and death case distributions were statistically non-conformity with Benford’s law distribution. In terms of quality data regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the epidemiological surveillance system falls short of Benford’s law assumption. Benford's law has been acknowledged as an initial analysis that can expeditiously assess the performance of a surveillance system. The next phase of this study would be to conduct a complete evaluation suitably, especially in post-pandemic COVID-19.

Factors influencing unable to eat healthy and nutritious food among Indonesian onset COVID-19 pandemic

Nearly every aspect of household life has been touched by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, including the amount and quality of food consumed by the family. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with unable to eat healthy and nutritious food onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study used data from Rapid Gender Assessment Survey developed by United Nations Women from September to December 2021. Totally 2,285 respondents aged >18 years old with access to mobile phones have been selected by random digit dialing (RDD). The multivariate analysis revealed living in the town, who graduated from secondary, primary, and no education, households with five or more members, income changes during the pandemic, and those who had not completed vaccine COVID-19 were 1.44; 1.57; 1.73; 2.06; 1.26; 2.74; 1.29 times more likely to be unable to eat healthy and nutritious food. In conclusion, 39.17% of respondents were unable to eat healthy and nutritious food, and factors of changes in income had the biggest impact. Future research could examine the impact of the pandemic on people's capacity to access and buy wholesome food.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI DALAM PEMASARAN PARIWISATA SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA

Technology has an important role to play in advancing sustainable tourism destinations. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of technology on tourism marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia which can be used as material for decisions by tourism practitioners and is useful for researchers in the tourism sector. This research was conducted using a systematic literature review (SLR) of 2 reference articles from Scopus. The results show that there is no antecedents from tourism marketing that were studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, there is a positive influence of technology on tourism marketing during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several consequences of technology adoption in tourism marketing, namely image, trust, visitors' interest and tourist behavior. However, this research still has limitations on the reference sources used (only Scopus), it is recommended to add a database for future researchers and add other research problem formulations.
 Keywords: Technology ; Tourism Marketing ; COVID-19 pandemic

Consumer Behavior of Panic Buying Towards the Spread of the Sars-Cov-2 Virus in Ambon City

This study aims to determine how the risk perception factor and the risk attitude factor change the Intentional Behavior and Actual Behavior of consumers so that they do panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, especially in Maluku. The approach used is qualitative research with the type of case study. Data was collected by interview and observation, with data analysis techniques of data reduction, data display, and verification. S-O-R and TPB are used to see consumer panic buying behavior during a pandemic. The results of the study show that there are stimuli that influence behavior, including: Stimulus of familiarity, controllability, and information/risk exposure. These stimuli form Risk Perception and then become Risk Attitude.

Implementation of Digital Health in Addressing Global Threats: Lessons from the Use of Technology during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This research conducted a systematic literature review to explore the implementation of digital health in Indonesia, focusing on the digital health policies, usage during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefits, and lessons learned. The study identified 10 relevant journals through database searches and analyzed the trends in publication, productive journals, and top institutions involved in digital health research. The findings revealed an increasing interest in digital health, with a growing number of published articles from 2021 to 2023. ScienceDirect emerged as the most productive journal, followed by PubMed and MDPI. The University of Indonesia and the University of Gajah Mada were the leading institutions in digital health research in Indonesia. The study discussed the implementation of digital health during the pandemic, highlighting its role in epidemic surveillance, telemedicine services, and data systems for COVID-19 management. The research also emphasized the challenges faced in the 3T regions (remote areas) of Indonesia due to limited internet access and infrastructure. Overall, the findings contribute to understanding the landscape of digital health in Indonesia and provide insights into its benefits and lessons learned.