COVID-19 Pandemic In Indonesia Research Articles

Reconstructing legal protection for the medical profession in the face of medical disputes during the COVID-19 pandemic from the dignified justice perspective

BACKGROUND: Healthcare involves various stakeholders, including hospitals, healthcare professionals, such as doctors, nurses, and others, as well as patients. The direct relationship typically occurs between doctors and patients. In carrying out their duties, doctors always adhere to standard operating procedures, medical records, and informed consent. The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has led to a surge in the number of COVID-19 patients requiring treatment by doctors. On the one hand, doctors and other healthcare professionals face numerous challenges in providing healthcare services, potentially failing to ensure legal certainty for them. AIM: This study aimed to reconstruct legal protection for the medical profession in medical disputes during the COVID-19 pandemic from a Dignified Justice perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is a legal study based on the Dignified Justice Theory to understand the concept of legal protection for healthcare professionals, particularly doctors, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research methodology includes a legislative, conceptual, and case approach. RESULTS: The research results are subsequently analyzed. Based on the research, it is evident that legal protection is derived from regulations related to recognition, protection of rights, and other relevant legal provisions. Legal protection for the medical profession during the COVID-19 pandemic is also framed within the framework of Pancasila, integrated with the Dignified Justice Theory. CONCLUSION: Legal protection for doctors in the COVID-19 rapid response task force is evident because healthcare professionals have received legal protection through supervision and guidance provided by local governments and their employing institutions in handling COVID-19.

Family Farm Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: Case Studies on Organic and Conventional Farming

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional stressors to Indonesian family farms, which are already subject to drought, flood, landslide, pest attack, and market price fluctuations. This study aims to analyse family farms’ resilience to the stressors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic using Henry’s family resilience model. Applying a qualitative approach, this study collected data using focus group discussions in two villages in East Java and a village in Center Java. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. We discovered that stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic are lower demand on agricultural products and lower income among farmers. Organic and conventional farmers have different protection and vulnerability factors. Organic farmers are able to reach buyers directly using social media amid COVID-19 restrictions while conventional farmers still rely on sales through middlemen. The adaptive process of farming families is influenced by social psychological factors within the family such as meaning, emotion, control, and maintenance systems. This study suggests that family farmers have to be empowered in terms of their innovative production in current stressors and increase their access to the market as a priority for agricultural extension programmes.

Exploring Crisis Mitigating Measures of Micro and Small Enterprises during the Coronavirus Pandemic Crisis in Indonesia

This study examines the crisis mitigation measures (CMMs) implemented by micro and small enterprises (MSEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research has three main goals: (i) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on MSMEs; (ii) to identify the business risks encountered by MSMEs during the crisis; and (iii) to investigate the most frequently adopted CMMs by MSMEs during the pandemic. The analysis utilizes secondary data from the 2020 national survey on MSEs in the manufacturing sector and primary data from a field survey of 137 MSEs across various cities and industries in Indonesia, conducted between May and September 2020. The findings indicate that the primary business risks during the crisis were (i) market risk (decreased domestic demand); and (ii) production risk (production stoppages due to lockdown measures). Consequently, many MSEs had to temporarily cease, shut down entirely, or pivot to different industries to remain operational, which was a common CMM among the affected MSEs. The study’s limitation is its small sample size, which prevents comprehensive survival analyses that could reveal significant differences in the development trajectories of MSEs during the crisis. Despite this, the study adds valuable insights to the literature on MSEs during economic crises.

Government officials first, then opposition: The spreaders of political and religious conspiracy theories during Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Conspiracy theories during Covid-19 pandemic spread worldwide, including in Indonesia. What political and religious factors explain their spread in Indonesia with particular reference to the DKI Jakarta province, its surrounding municipalities, and West Sumatera province? This study aimed to answer the questions. It employed a qualitative approach with multi-data collection methods, including those from media, documents, and interviews. The spread of Conspiracy theories benefited from the democratic system that promotes the freedom of information in using social media. First, the government officials initially spread conspiracy theories to satisfy people’s anxiety about the obscured Pandemic. However, they resulted in the government’s ambiguous, controversial, and reckless policies leading to people’s distrust of the government. Jokowi-Makruf Amien, political opponents capitalized on the government’s poor policies to spread conspiracy theories which partly discredited the Jokowi-Amien administration. Both government officials and the opposition capitalized on politics and religious teaching or supra-natural pretexts to posit their conspiracy theories.

Navigating Generosity: Exploring Determinants of Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah among the Hijrah Community in the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study investigates the factors influencing the hijrah community's decision to contribute to Zakat, Infaq, and Sadaqah (ZIS) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Drawing upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), we examine the impact of religiosity, altruism, subjective norms, behavioral control, and institutional image on ZIS payment decisions. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of 255 members of the hijrah community and analyzed using ordinal logistic regression. Results indicate that religiosity, altruism, and subjective norms significantly influence the decision to pay ZIS, while behavioral control and institutional image do not. This suggests that individuals with strong religious convictions, driven by empathy and a sense of social responsibility, and influenced by their social networks, are more likely to contribute to ZIS, regardless of perceived ease or institutional factors. This preference for direct giving, motivated by trust and a desire for tangible impact, further explains the limited influence of institutional image. This study contributes to the understanding of ZIS giving behavior within the increasingly prominent hijrah community, particularly during times of crisis, and offers valuable insights for Islamic philanthropic institutions seeking to maximize ZIS collection by tailoring their strategies to align with the motivations and values of this growing segment of donors. While this study focuses specifically on the hijrah community in Indonesia, future research should explore these factors among diverse Muslim populations in various socio-cultural contexts to enhance the generalizability of the findings.

Analyzing the Economic Stability during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: The Moderating Role of Money Velocity Management

Analyzing the Economic Stability during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: The Moderating Role of Money Velocity Management

The Effect of Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, and Inflation on Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG) during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors on the Jakarta Composite Index during the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The macroeconomic factors used in this study as independent variables are Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, and Inflation. While Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) or Jakarta Composite Index is used as the dependent variable. This study uses daily data during the pandemic period in Indonesia, from April 2020 to June 2023. The secondary data are obtained from several official websites, such as www.investing.com and www.bi.go.id. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing with STATA tools. The results obtained show that all independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable. Exchange rate and interest rate have a negative significant impact on IHSG. Conversely, the inflation effect is positively significant to IHSG. This research adds to our understanding of the financial dynamics in difficult times and provides insightful information for investors, analysts, and policymakers attempting to manage the intricacies of the stock market in the context of COVID-19.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE USE OF URBAN PUBLIC FACILITIES: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA, JAPAN, AND EGYPT

Since COVID-19 emerged in Asia, the function of urban public facilities has been adapted to adapt to the pandemic conditions. This article discusses the use of public facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, Japan, and Egypt using responses obtained from a questionnaire. The data retrieved were analyzed using the T-test statistical method and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the intensity of public facilities usage was reduced after community activities were restricted. Moreover, the decision to use the facilities tended to be based on the implementation of health protocols regardless of the distance from their homes. This is evident from the number of visits to modern shopping places rather than traditional markets to fulfill daily needs despite the longer distance and this indicates the focus on security and comfort. Information technology was also considered quite helpful in handling the pandemic as well as the latest information related to the development of the pandemic obtained quite easily from print media, announcements in several public facilities, and easily accessible websites.

The Association between Anxiety, Depression, Trauma and Insomnia Symptoms with Marital Intimacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The Association between Anxiety, Depression, Trauma and Insomnia Symptoms with Marital Intimacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Factors related to complementary feeding practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Introduction: Complementary feeding practice is critical for adequate growth and development in children. Appropriate practices should be maintained, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse complementary feeding practices and their related factors, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on household economic aspects. Data were collected via online questionnaires involving 574 mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia from April to May 2022. Results: In total, 63.6%, 64.6%, 86.6%, and 57.7% of children met the criteria for timely introduction of complementary feeding (INTRO), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD), respectively. Households that had no impact on their ability to provide food during the pandemic had higher odds of meeting MDD and MAD. Having a high household income level, high maternal education, and being a housewife increased the odds of INTRO. The odds of MDD increased in children who lived in Java, had older age, and whose mother had high education level. Older children had higher odds of having appropriate MMF. MAD was associated with mother’s high education level and being a housewife. Conclusion: Several factors during the pandemic, including economic aspects, influenced complementary feeding practices. To prevent child malnutrition, besides ensuring household food security, other strategies to increase complementary feeding quality are also needed.

Conditions of Workers Who Worked from Home during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Work from Home (WFH) is one of the policies implemented by the Indonesian government to contain the cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia since March 2020. People were required to adapt to the new normal way of working by means of WFH. WFH applied to workers in both formal and informal sectors. While those working in the formal sector can get a lot done through remote working, the types of work that can be done remotely in the informal sector are still very limited. The WFH way of working has finally become a trend that is considered flexible and has advantages for the workforce to be more productive without having to leave the house. By using the logit model, this study seeks to answer the characteristics of the formal and informal sector workers who work at home as an effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The result show that the Covid-19 pandemic was the primary reason why workers did WFH and that a majority of them are from the formal sector. The activities of the majority of the workforce during WFH are communication, promotion, and transactions which are mostly carried out by married women workers. In addition, workers who do WFH tend to be young workers who are highly educated and are familiar with the internet. Keywords: labor characteristics, work from home, Indonesia

Animal source foods consumptions on complementary feeding during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

PurposeComplementary feeding practices was more difficult during the COVID-19 pandemic due to economic instability, especially for animal source foods (ASFs) consumption. According to the problem, the purpose of this study was to determine the economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ASFs consumption and ASFs consumption related factors on complementary feeding in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study was targeted at mothers of children aged 6–23 months during pandemic. A total of 574 respondents were obtained through online questionnaire.FindingsThis study found that flesh food, including fish/seafood, organ meat, meat, poultry and processed meat, were associated with all economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic; in contrast, those economic impacts did not affect the dairy product and egg consumption. Multivariate analysis showed children with older age (AOR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04–3.26), meet minimum dietary diversity (AOR: 2.17, 95%CI: 1.56–5.44) and are from high income level household (AOR: 1.14, 95%CI: 1.09–2.10) contributed to ASFs consumption.Practical implicationsOther strategies aimed at enhancing food security to increase ASFs consumption on complementary feeding. The government may consider short-term emergency purchasing subsidies and macro-control of the ASFs market. Nutrition education is also required to improve knowledge related to importance of ASFs consumption for children.Originality/valueThis study reveals the association between each food group of ASFs consumption on complementary feeding and the economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Infant feeding practices and associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from an online crosssectional study in Indonesia

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic presents a challenge to ensuring optimal infant feeding practices. This study aimed to assess infant feeding practices and investigate potential factors associated with exclusive and continued breastfeeding practices during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: An online survey was conducted during December 2020 – August 2021. A total of 817 Indonesian mothers aged ≥18 years old with infants aged <18 months were obtained through convenience sampling. Exclusive breastfeeding was the practice at the time of the survey among infants <6 months old; continued breastfeeding was considered when infants aged >6 months received any type of breastfeeding in the previous day. Results: Most subjects were aged 25-34 years old (81.3%), had a high education level (85.7%), with middle household income level (40.5%), and lived in Java Island (81.6%). Infants’ age and sex were comparable between younger vs. older infants and boys vs. girls, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding was 81.3%. Continued breastfeeding was 93.4%, with 74.3% meeting the minimum acceptable diet. Breastfeeding intention (92.9%) and husband’s support for infant feeding (67.2%) were reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analyses showed that breastfeeding intention was one of the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding [aOR=12.6; 95%CI (4.1-39.1)] and continued breastfeeding [10.9 (4.4-27.0)]. Conclusion: The study suggested that mothers’ intention to breastfeed during the COVID-19 pandemic provided affirmation of good breastfeeding experiences by allowing mothers to have more time for childcare activities and more opportunities to develop meaningful coparenting practices while staying at home.

Strategi Pengembangan Pemasaran dalam Menarik Minat Konsumen Pengguna Jasa di Kinipagi Wedding Planner Cirebon

The development of an increasingly advanced era has a great influence on the creative mindset of the Indonesian people and the world in all respects. The event organizer or Event Organizer (EO) service business has prospects or developments that are increasingly needed by the community, not only needed in urban areas but also in rural areas. Kinipagi Wedding Planner is one of the Wedding Organizer businesses in Cirebon which was established in 2019, precisely before the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The data collection technique in this study uses Nonprobability Sampling technique which in this study does not provide equal opportunities or opportunities for each element of population members to be selected as sample members. The sampling technique in this study uses Purposive Sampling, which is a sampling technique with certain considerations. The research design used in this research is descriptive qualitative research design because researchers want to know how marketing development strategies and how to maintain existence to attract consumer interest in Kinipagi Wedding Planner service users. The data collection methods used in this research are observation, interviews, and documentation. results that Kinipag Wedding planner has already implemented marketing mix and has also performed SWOT analysis. The application of SWOT analytics and marketing mix on Kinipagi Wedding Planer helped have gone well especially the price factor offered is relatively cheaper compared to other wedding organizers in Cirebon. However, there were some shortcomings such as hard-to-reach locations, human resources that need to be improved, and promotional media that still have to be broadcast.

The role of women in improving the welfare of their families to improve their conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

The role of women in improving the welfare of their families to improve their conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

Changes in body weight and healthy lifestyle perception of Indonesian adults during COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND Social restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted eating patterns and psychological status, leading to changes in body weight and perceptions of a healthy lifestyle in society. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social restrictions on weight changes and perceptions of a healthy lifestyle in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling on 287 Indonesian adults from June to August 2020. The data were collected using a self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There was no effect of social restrictions on weight changes and perceptions of lifestyle in adults (p = 0.900 and 0.748, respectively). However, 112 respondents (78.3%) had positive perceptions or supported adopting a healthy lifestyle under large-scale social restrictions. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that adults aged 36–45 years had a 3.6 times higher risk of weight changes than young adults aged 25–35 years (p = 0.004, OR = 3.65, 95% CI = 1.51–8.85). CONCLUSIONS Social restrictions did not affect weight changes and perceptions of a healthy lifestyle in adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. However, older adults might have a higher risk of body weight changes. Controlling body weight is important to prevent further weight gain and the risk of noncommunicable diseases that can aggravate COVID-19.

Analisis Pengaruh Return On Equity, Debt To Total Asset Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Earning Per Share Dan Price Earning Ratio Pada Harga Saham

One of the analytical techniques that investors can apply to understand a company's financial condition is fundamental analysis using financial ratios in financial statements. The results of investors' analysis of the company's financial condition will determine investors' interest in investing as reflected in the company's stock price. The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia had a significant impact on the operations of manufacturing companies. In this regard, this study aims to examine the effect of ROE, DAR, DER, EPS, and PER on the stock prices of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. This study used a sample of 286 companies, which were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS version 20 software. Based on the results of this study, it was determined that ROE had a positive effect on stock prices, DAR had a negative effect on stock prices, and EPS had a positive effect on stock prices. Meanwhile, two other financial ratios, namely DER and PER, have no effect on stock prices

Behavior Intention to Stay in a Hotel: Insights Gained from COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The study aims to investigate and examine the determinants impacting tourists' decisions to choose hotel accommodation amidst the COVID-19 outbreak. This investigation adopts a quantitative methodology and employs a descriptive strategy by conducting an online survey targeting tourists residing in the JABODETABEK region. A total of 263 respondents participated in the data collection process, which was subsequently analyzed utilizing the Structural Equation Modeling approach implemented through SMART PLS 3.0. The findings of this research reveal that Perceived Threat exerts a negative impact on the intention to stay at hotels. Conversely, Government and Social Trust exhibit a positive and highly significant effect on the intention to stay. In contrast, Customer Individual Response Efficacy and Hotel Response Efficacy do not affect the intention to stay. Notably, Perceived Threat does not influence Government and Social Trust, as well as Hotel Response Efficacy. Nevertheless, Customer Individual Response Efficacy demonstrates a positive and notably significant influence on both Government and Social Trust, along with Hotel Response Efficacy. This research can provide valuable insights for hoteliers in shaping their strategies and ensuring the long-term success of their businesses in a post-pandemic world.

Anti-Science Politics and The Leadership Crisis in Handling The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Anti-Science Politics and The Leadership Crisis in Handling The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The Implications of the Countercyclical COVID-19 Policy on the Performance of Rural Banks and Sharia Rural Banks in Indonesia

This study investigated the impact of the Indonesian government policies implemented through POJK No. 11/POJK.03/2020 on the banking performance of Rural Bank (BPR) and Sharia Rural Bank (BPRS) after the implementation of countercyclical policies to stimulate the country's economy affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia between March and December 2020. Mixed method approaches were applied to analyze the contributing factors to different performances between seven Rural Banks and seven Sharia Rural Banks in West Sumatra that were randomly selected through purposive sampling based on proportionate assets. The quantitative data were financial statements sourced from the OJK 2021 Publications, and the qualitative data were collected from in-depth interviews with eight Directors of Rural Banks and Sharia Rural Banks selected from the snowball sampling. Analyzing Indonesian government policies embodied in the countercyclical policy, we found that banking policies in Sharia Rural Banks outperformed those of conventional Rural Banks, as reflected by the average ROA (1.16% vs 1.33%), ROE (0.09% vs. 0.08%), and NPL (6.67% vs. 6.82%). The contributing factor to this gap was the different internal policies of each institution to translate the countercyclical concept based on the operational principles, such as the interest rate of Rural Bank and margin of Sharia Rural Bank despite the fact that both banks shared practice in the principal deferment and credit extension.