Emergence Of COVID-19 Pandemic Research Articles

Akut Viral Gastroenteritli Çocuklarda COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sırasında Rotavirüs ve Enterik Adenovirüs Sıklığının Araştırılması

Aim: Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus are common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, measures for pandemic management have also affected frequency of other viral agents. The aim of this study was to investigate changing antigen positivity pattern of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus before and during pandemic and to determine its distribution according to age groups, gender and season of admittance. 
 Material and Method: Test results of 14670 stool samples of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis between January 2019-June 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were detected by immunochromatography.
 Results: The positivity rates of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigen were 9.5% and 1.6%, respectively, before pandemic. A statistically significant decrease was detected for positivity rates of both these viruses during pandemic. Rotavirus antigen positivity significantly increased in 0-2 age group during pandemic (72.9%) compared to pre-pandemic period (70.4%) and significantly decreased from 4.1% to 3.5% in age group of 8-14 during pandemic. Distribution of adenovirus antigen positivity according to age groups did not differ significantly. There was no significant association between period and gender in terms of positivity rates. In pre-pandemic winter, rotavirus and adenovirus positivity rates were found to be significantly higher than in other seasons whereas during pandemic, positivity rates significantly increased in spring and summer.
 Conclusion: Frequencies of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus have shown a significant decrease during pandemic. Infection control measures have play an important role in reducing incidence of enteric viruses as well as SARS-CoV-2.

Multidisciplinary care of patients with narcolepsy during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Italy via televisit: the TElemedicine for NARcolepsy feasibility study.

Narcolepsy is a rare chronic central disorder of hypersomnolence with frequent endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. To address the complex care needs of patients during the COVID-19 emergency, we carried out a feasibility study of the TElemedicine for NARcolepsy (TENAR) protocol with the aim of assessing the feasibility of a multidisciplinary care approach via televisit for patients with narcolepsy. A feasibility single open-arm study on the multidisciplinary care of children (>7 y.o.) and adults with narcolepsy who required a follow-up visit was realized during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency period in Italy. The study included a sleep, metabolic, and psychosocial assessment via televisit at baseline, at 6, and at 12 months from the study inclusion period (15th May-26th June 2020). In total 39 out of 44 eligible patients (89%) entered the study (30 adults, nine children); 37 patients (95%) ended the 12-month follow-up. At baseline, the median Epworth sleepiness scale score (ESS) was 10 (IQR 8-14), and the median body mass index (BMI) was 25.6 (IQR 22.1-30.9). During the follow-up period, the ESS score decreased from the 6th month onward (p = 0.003), and BMI decreased at the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.047), while there were no differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms, quality of life, compliance with treatment, adverse drug reactions, or accidents. High response and retention rates, stability of ESS, and lack of side effects indicate that telemedicine is a feasible and safe approach for adults and children with narcolepsy.

An expert judgment model to predict early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

From February to May 2020, experts in the modeling of infectious disease provided quantitative predictions and estimates of trends in the emerging COVID-19 pandemic in a series of 13 surveys. Data on existing transmission patterns were sparse when the pandemic began, but experts synthesized information available to them to provide quantitative, judgment-based assessments of the current and future state of the pandemic. We aggregated expert predictions into a single "linear pool" by taking an equally weighted average of their probabilistic statements. At a time when few computational models made public estimates or predictions about the pandemic, expert judgment provided (a) falsifiable predictions of short- and long-term pandemic outcomes related to reported COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths, (b) estimates of latent viral transmission, and (c) counterfactual assessments of pandemic trajectories under different scenarios. The linear pool approach of aggregating expert predictions provided more consistently accurate predictions than any individual expert, although the predictive accuracy of a linear pool rarely provided the most accurate prediction. This work highlights the importance that an expert linear pool could play in flexibly assessing a wide array of risks early in future emerging outbreaks, especially in settings where available data cannot yet support data-driven computational modeling.

Socially, Culturally and Spiritually Sensitive Public Health Palliative Care Models in the Lower-income Countries: An Integrative Literature Review.

The demand for palliative care (PC) is ever-increasing globally. The emergence of COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the need for PC. In the lower-income countries (LICs), where PC need is highest, PC, the most humane, appropriate and realistic approach to care for patients and families affected by life-limiting illness, is minimal or non-existent. Recognising the disparity between high, middle and LICs, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended public health strategies for PC within the socioeconomic, cultural and spiritual contexts of individual countries. This review aimed to: (i) identify PC models in the LICs utilising public health strategies and (ii) characterise how social, cultural and spiritual components were integrated into these models. This is an integrative literature review. Thirty-seven articles were included from a search of four electronic databases - Medline, Embase, Global Health and CINAHL. Literature, both empirical and theoretical literature, published in English from January 2000 to May 2021 that mentioned PC models/services/programmes integrating public health strategies in the LICs were included in the study. A number of LICs utilised public health strategies to deliver PC. One-third of the selected articles highlighted the importance of integrating sociocultural and spiritual components into PC. Two main themes - WHO-recommended public health framework and sociocultural and spiritual support in PC and five subthemes - (i) suitable policies; (ii) availability and accessibility of essential drugs; (iii) PC education for health professionals, policymakers and the public; (iv) implementation of PC at all levels of healthcare and (v) sociocultural and spiritual components, were derived. Despite embracing the public health approach, many LICs encountered several challenges in integrating all four strategies successfully.

Mental ecology in the structure of the COVID-19 pandemic (review)

Currently, sufficient data are available on the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its socio-economic consequences on human mental health and the mental ecology in general. The success of public health strategies to cope with pandemics is largely determined by psychological factors and the mental values prevailing in the community at large.
 The present review systematized the psychological response features of various social, professional, and national representatives during the COVID-19 period within the framework of the main mental ecology provisions.
 The review methodology was based on the World Health Organization documents and open sources of the Scopus and Web of Science databases on the population's mental health under COVID-19 pandemic conditions.
 A significant increase in adaptive and anxiety-depressive disorders was noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the specific mental phenomena associated with the pandemic, coronaphobia, COVID-19-stress syndrome, covid-dissidence manifestations with the involvement of conspiracy theories, and mythological thinking were identified. The negative infodemia impact on the mental ecology, as well as the adherence to anti-epidemic measures and readiness for vaccination, were also established. Negative trends were demonstrated in communities where the maximum infection and death risk were associated with low adherence to the epidemiological measures and refusal to vaccination.
 It was revealed that belonging to certain social or professional groups largely determines a person's behavior in relation to a new coronavirus infection within the framework of accepted social norms. Based on the analysis of a large domestic and international data number on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency on the human psyche, its significant adverse contribution to the overall mental ecology was noted. The necessity of developing special therapeutic and psycho-prophylactic programs aimed at coping with the stress pandemic impact and treatment of affective disorders, countering infodemia, and strengthening behavioral patterns to maintain mental health and personal well-being is substantiated.

Perubahan Paradigma Pemolisian di era Pandemi Covid 19

This article aims to provide an analysis of the intervention policing model in the Covid-19 pandemic emergency situation. The method used in this study is in the form of literature review and secondary data. The results of the study show that policing models such as democratic policing and community policing are not effective enough to become model instruments for handling the Covid-19 pandemic. In an emergency situation to discipline the public against the Covid-19 prevention protocol, policing is carried out in collaboration with institutions and the community through social intervention to enforce order, discipline, and awareness to suppress the spread of covid. Policing intervention from the community side is directed at changing the mindset of the community from being defensive towards COVID-19 to an open understanding of the existence and spread of COVID-19.

Investigating Children's Ability to Express Internal States through Narratives and Drawings: Two Longitudinal Studies during Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic emergency has challenged children’s socio-affective and cognitive development. It is essential to capture the modulation of their emotional experience through ecological and children-friendly tasks, such as written narratives and drawings. This contribution investigates the impact of pandemic experience (2020–2021 waves) on the internal states and emotions of the primary school age children, according to a longitudinal research approach through narratives (study 1 n = 21) and drawing tasks (study 2 n = 117). 138 Italian children were examined during COVID-19 three (study 1) or two waves (study 2). Children’s written narratives were codified on the basis of narrative competence and psychological lexicon. Children’s drawings were codified based on social/emotional, physical, and environmental elements. Results of narrative texts showed a lower psychological lexicon relating to positive emotions and a greater psychological lexicon relating to negative emotions only in the study sample group during the first lockdown compared to the previous and subsequent periods. Children’s drawings of themselves showed a decrease of negative emotions during the third pandemic wave in comparison to the first pandemic wave. Results inform mental health services, school practitioners, and parents about the importance of written narratives and drawings for promoting well-being in the developmental age.

Attitude and perception of dental students towards computer-mediated learning during COVID-19 pandemic in Central India

Context: Due to emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, educational institutions were ordered to be closed to protect students from viral exposure. The mode of teaching had to be shifted from face-to-face to digital learning to complete the prescribed syllabi in a stipulated time period. Aim: This study aimed to assess the attitude and perception of undergraduate dental students towards computer-mediated teaching during COVID-19 pandemic. Settings and Design: After obtaining informed consent, a questionnaire study was conducted online using Google Forms among undergraduate students of dental colleges in Central India. Methods and Material: A standard pre-tested questionnaire in English was used, which consisted of 3 parts. The first part recorded demographic data, second part evaluated learning and third part assessed the attitude of the students to computer-mediated learning. Statistical analysis used: 1045 students participated in the study. Learning and Attitude Score was calculated and mean score was compared between groups using ANOVA. Results: Most of the students (above 80%) believed the modern education is inconceivable without computer technology. However, only about 30% believed that such teaching can substitute traditional way of learning. Those with advanced skills in computers reported to have better experience with computer-mediated learning (p<0.05).

THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE AIR TRANSPORT MARKET IN TURKEY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

In this study, the situation of the Turkish aviation industry during COVID-19 was examined. Turkish aviation industry entered a rapid growth phase in the 21st century, great developments were achieved in aviation with the investments made, and the share received from the world aviation industry grew day by day. However, this growth has been hit hard by the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. There have been great losses in passenger and freight transport. It is considered that the compensation of these losses will take a long time. In addition, in this study, the steps taken by the aviation authority and aviation companies to prevent the pandemic and to reduce its effects for the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated.

CHALLENGES FACED BY ZIMBABWE’S SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN MANAGING SCHOOLS: A CASE OF GWERU DISTRICT

In Zimbabwe, problems with school administration have arisen as a result of Zimbabwe's constantly changing macro- and microenvironment. The COVID-19 pandemic emergency, which introduced additional demands including social isolation, exacerbated the preexisting issues. This study's primary objective is to examine the difficulties Zimbabwean school administrators experience in running their institutions, with a focus on the Gweru District Schools. The study's key conclusions were that administrators faced challenges primarily due to the weakening economy, absenteeism, a lack of enthusiasm, low pass rates, and insufficient financial resources. Violence, judicial constraints, and the updated COVID-19 compliance requirements were further issues. The administration should address the political and economic issues, according to the recommendation. To enhance education in the district, the administration was urged to procure more educational materials from foreign partners. The new infrastructure and resource demands resulting from compliance with COVID-19 necessitate collaboration among parties.

Italian farms during the COVID-19 pandemic: main problems and future perspectives. A direct analysis through the italian FADN

The spread of the COVID-19 virus in Italy during the first phasis of the pandemic (February-May 2020) has caused a large-scale crisis, with an almost immediate decrease of industrial production and a consequent contraction in domestic consumption and external trade. However, the issue of food security was immediately recognized as one of the most sensitive, so that the Government has decreed the priority role of the food system, which has been included among those considered fundamental services and economically essential, allowing the related activities to be carried out during the lockdown. Agricultural production activities transformation, and commercialization remained fully operative during the lockdown; nevertheless, the sector has faced many difficulties related to the contraction of some of the marketing channels (restaurants, on farm sales, agritourism, problems with the logistics and many other ones). To better understand the effects of the initial phasis of the pandemic on the Italian agricultural sector and provide useful information to the government and decision makers, a survey was carried out with a CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interviewing) sent to over 10,000 farmers belonging to the sample of the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). The number of respondents has been of 733 farms, which represents around 7% of the Italian FADN sample. The results of the questionnaire have been matched with FADN data on the structure and the economic performance of farms, allowing a more precise evaluation of the condition and effects of the pandemic. The results highlight a relevant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency on the agricultural sector: 37% of the interviewed farmers declared a significant liquidity crisis, while 60% predicted a contraction in turnover. These effects are more relevant for the wine, olives, and horticulture types of farming and more frequent in medium/large farms. A better situation has been found for farms which usually outsource processing and/or marketing/sale of the products.

Transformational and transactional sales leadership during a global pandemic

Transformational (TFL) and transactional leadership (TAL) are foundational leadership styles in sales practice and have been intensively studied by past sales research. However, prior research conflicts on the effectiveness of TFL and TAL to help salespeople cope with the persisting changes of a global pandemic, such as COVID-19. Combining leadership theory with perceived uncertainty theory, we develop and test a longitudinal growth model explaining how TAL and TFL affect sales performance during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. Using transactional and survey data of 16,275 customers and their respective salespeople during the first months of the pandemic, we show that sales performance declined and that TAL was more effective than TFL at mitigating the drop of sales performance. We ascribe this finding to salespeople’s uncertainty resulting from the persisting changes brought about by the pandemic, which requires leaders’ continuous feedback rather than a focus on long-term visions. To substantiate our findings, we conducted a second study confirming that an increase in TAL is more effective at mitigating the performance decline and that salespeople’s perceived effect uncertainty and response uncertainty moderate this effect. Our findings offer timely and valuable implications for leadership theory and practice how to manage pandemic challenges.

Benessere, resilienza e prosocialità: il loro intreccio in alcune trame familiari

In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency, the world of education and training quickly came to the family’s side, designing and implementing new methods of teaching/learning/evaluation and educational support, including at a distance. Nevertheless, statistics reveal a worrying increase in the level of discomfort, incomprehension and frustration experienced in family relationships at the time of Covid. These critical issues have prompted the international pedagogical community to intensify theoretical and practical research on the family, creating new spaces for reflection and comparison of a multidisciplinary nature, to address the current historical moment. The aim of scholars is not limited to a critical reading of what is happening in family relationships and the effects that the pandemic is producing now and will produce in the future, but also aims to understand the deep reasons, hidden in the folds of existence, that can make some families particularly vulnerable compared to others. If, in fact, for some types of families and parental figures the health crisis seems to have had and still has particularly harsh and disorientating consequences, such as to overwhelm the intra-family relations that form and sustain the fabric of our society, for others the same has not been true. Alongside vulnerable families, there are, in fact, some positive family situations, which seem to be resisting the pandemic crisis and which do not show particularly obvious signs of collapse and/or implosion. Faced with this lack of homogeneity in their experiences, the question arises: what can affect the resilience and well-being of families, given the same socio-cultural and economic conditions, in crises such as the present one? To answer this question, we conducted a qualitative and quantitative exploration of 156 families on four continents – Europe, America, Asia and Africa – between 2020 and 2021. This paper therefore describes the investigative pilot, presenting for the first time the results obtained.

Supporting each other: Pacific emergency care clinicians navigate COVID-19 pandemic challenges through collaboration

Supporting each other: Pacific emergency care clinicians navigate COVID-19 pandemic challenges through collaboration

Lessons from the frontline: The COVID-19 pandemic emergency care experience from a human resource perspective in the Pacific region

BackgroundThis study explores emergency care (EC) and other frontline healthcare worker (HCW) experiences responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Pacific region. The crisis has reinforced the crucial role well-trained, resourced, and supported EC providers play in supporting vital health systems and services in all global regions not only during ‘business as usual’ periods, but in times of tremendous stress and surge.MethodsQualitative data were collected from EC providers and relevant stakeholders in three research phases in 2020 and 2021. Data on the World Health Organization's (WHO) Human Resources Building Block, adapted for the Pacific EC context, was thematically analysed. Key findings were further analysed to identify enablers and barriers to effective EC pandemic management.Findings116 participants from across the Pacific region participated in this study. Five themes emerged: (1) EC providers performed multiple pandemic roles; (2) Importance of authorities’ valuing frontline HCWs; (3) HCW mental health and exhaustion; (4) HCW tension managing stigma, personal/professional expectations, and chronic health needs; and (5) Building health and human resource capacity.InterpretationThis study significantly contributes to the limited scientific literature on HCW experiences responding to COVID-19 across the Pacific. Recommendations arising out of this research align with consensus priorities and standards that were identified pre-pandemic by health stakeholders across the Pacific for enhancing EC system development. With limited HCWs available for many Pacific nations, it is imperative the dignity and welfare of local HCWs is genuinely prioritised.FundingEpidemic Ethics/WHO, Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office/Wellcome Grant 214711/Z/18/Z. Co-funding: Australasian College for Emergency Medicine Foundation, International Development Fund Grant.

Frailty and Malnutrition Among Dialysis Patients Stratified by Age: Before and After Emergence of COVID-19 Pandemic

Frailty and Malnutrition Among Dialysis Patients Stratified by Age: Before and After Emergence of COVID-19 Pandemic

O Stress Ocupacional em Profissionais de Saúde durante a Pandemia por Covid-19

Introduction Currently, the world is going through a major challenge in the context of public health, after the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. This problem, in addition to cause inconvenience to the population, proves to be an inducing factor for occupational stress for those who need to face the virus directly, the healthcare workers. Objectives What is the level of occupational stress among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic? What are the possible strategies to be adopted by the occupational health service in order to provide support and follow-up to health professionals? Based on the questions raised, the aim is to analyze which individual and organizational variables predispose healthcare workers to higher levels of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify which strategies should be adopted by occupational health services, to provide support to their workers Methodology This is an integrative literature review, initiated through research carried out in February 2021, in the scientific databases CINAHL plus with full text, Medline with full text, Academic Search Complete, MedicLatina, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection and Repositório Científico do Instituto Nacional de Saúde. Results Seven articles were included. Through the studies analyzed, it was possible to conclude that the workload of healthcare workers increased during the pandemic. Healthy lifestyle habits were neglected by those professionals and the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and sugar increased. Females and professionals with fewer years of experience, lower educational qualifications or with less income earnings experienced higher levels of stress. Conclusions Due to the COVID-19 pandemic that has spread around the world, a mental health emergency is now considered. A large number of professionals work in jobs that are already considered to generate high levels of stress. Healthcare workers are an indisputable example. During a pandemic, they often have to work longer and stay for continuous shifts, in addition to the recommended hours. Health professionals presented themselves as a population with high levels of stress in a pandemic context, so the great majority of them mention the importance of having psychological support available. Through the identification of which individual and organizational variables predispose healthcare workers to higher levels of occupational stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is possible to plan and develop strategies that mitigate or eliminate the effects caused, providing an improvement in the quality of work life. The articulation between the occupational health and psychology services of the institutions is highlighted. Keywords: COVID-19, Sars-Cov-2, Coronavirus, Occupational stress, Healthcare Workers, Occupational Health Nursing.

Company Strategies on Social Well-being during COVID-19 Pandemic: A systematic literature review

In the competitive world of business, companies need to always be prepared in facing external threats that could put their sustainability in danger. The most recent crisis that had put businesses in a threat is the emergence of Covid-19 pandemic on December 2019. The purpose of the systematic review is to analyse the measures or strategies adopted by companies in order to cope with Covid-19 crisis. Based on the review conducted, several recommendations are highlighted to ensure in the future, company are more ready to face any crises beforehand. Keywords: Businesses; Strategies; Covid-19; Sustainability eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3348

TATA KELOLA KOLABORATIF MANAJEMEN TANGGAP DARURAT BENCANA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL (Collaborative Governance Covid-19 Pandemic Disaster Emergency Response Management In Gunungkidul Regency)

This research is about collaborative governance of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency response management. The Covid-19 has a negative impact on society. Collaboration of stakeholders is important so that handling of the impact of Covid-19 is more effective. By the principles of collaborative governance that government, private, and community have responsibility for solving public problems. This study aims to find out how collaborative governance is for emergency response management for the Covid-19 in Gunungkidul Regency. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach. Informants are determined with purposive sampling, including elements of the local government, the private sector, and the community. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that during the Covid-19 pandemic disaster emergency response, collaborative governance was carried out by various stakeholders. This is shown by the realization of the principle of togetherness, shared motivation, and the capacity for joint action of the actors in various emergency response activities. The handling of Covid-19 has been carried out according to the new public management principle in the form of a partnership between the public and the private. Suggestions for further researchers are to examine the collaboration governance in the economic and social recovery after the pandemic.

The Influence of The TASC (Thingking Actively In A Social Context) Model Using Whatsapp Social Media on Online Learning Materials for Classification of Land Capability in the Emergency Period of the Covid 19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine the effect of the Tasc model using WhatsApp social media on online learning for Land Capability Classification Analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type using a factorial design. The samples in this study were students of class X IPS 1 and class X IPS 2. The results of this study were analyzed in stages, namely: data description, prerequisite test, and hypothesis testing. The prerequisite tests carried out are the normality test of the data distribution, the homogeneity of variance test, and the t test. The results showed that after the learning was carried out and the post-test was given to the experimental class and the control class, the results obtained ttest > t 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 indicating was accepted . Where that the learning outcomes of students on the material elements of hadith using the TASC learning model are better than conventional learning. Where the class that uses the TASC model seems enthusiastic about sending information on the Whatsapp group because the TASC learning model helps students to construct their own knowledge and makes it easier for students to understand the classification of land capability.