Context Of COVID-19 Pandemic Research Articles

Problem Identification of Islamic Law Implementation in COVID-19 Mortuary Practice in Indonesia from the Perspective of Forensic Pathologists

Indonesia consists of many different ethnic groups and religions. Islam is the major religion in Indonesia, thus also rendering Islamic tradition as being significant in Indonesia. This is also the case with Islamic law. In March 11, 2020, COVID-19 was declared as pandemic by WHO. Since then, there were reported cases of forceful seizure of deceased bodies by the deceased’s family in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to understand the problems related with Islamic law implementation in COVID-19 mortuary practice in Indonesia from the perspective of forensic pathologists. This study also aims to analyze whether the solutions given are in accordance with Islamic law.The sampling method used was convenience sampling. The respondents were forensic pathologists from different areas in Indonesia. 19 out of 20 respondents reported problems and solutions. The solutions were in accordance to Islamic law.Problem that is present in mortuary practice in the context of muslim COVID-19 patients are related to the bathing and shrouding process. There is distrust on whether proper care had been carried out. The situation happened due to the community’s lack of comprehensive understanding of proper Islamic mortuary practice in COVID-19 pandemic context.

Factors Affecting the Length of Stay in the Emergency Department in Psychiatric Emergency Patients in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context.

To reduce overcrowding in emergency departments (ED), which is a serious international problem, it is important to reduce the length of ED stay (ED LOS) of emergency patients. In particular, due to the COVID 19 pandemic, psychiatric emergency patients spent much longer in ED. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of psychiatric emergency patients who visited the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors affecting ED LOS. This retrospective study was conducted on adult patients aged 19 years or older who visited a psychiatric emergency center operated by an ED from 1 May 2020 to 31 April 2021 because of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, the average ED LOS of psychiatric emergency patients was 7.8 h. Factors affecting ED LOS for over 12 h were isolation (OR = 2.39, CI = 1.409-4.052), unaccompanied police officers (OR = 2.106, CI = 1.338-3.316), night-time visits (OR = 2.127, CI = 1.357-3.332), use of sedatives (OR = 1.671, CI = 1.030-2.713), and restraints (OR = 1.968, CI = 1.172-4.895). The ED LOS of psychiatric emergency patients is longer than that of general emergency patients, and a long ED LOS causes ED overcrowding. To reduce the ED LOS of psychiatric emergency patients, they must be accompanied by a police officer when visiting the ED, and the treatment process should be reorganized so that a psychiatrist can promptly intervene. Furthermore, it is necessary to reorganize the isolation guidelines and admission criteria for mental emergency patients.

Pandemic sports: The media reception of Novak Djokovic’s Adria Tour

In this article, I deal with the Adria Tour?s media reception, an exhibition tennis tour held in June 2020 in Belgrade, Serbia, and Zadar, Croatia, organised by Novak Djokovic, a high-rank tennis player and one of the most famous public figures in the post-Yugoslav region. Enthusiastically promoted in the media, the Tour eventually failed after several participants, including Djokovic himself, tested positive for the new coronavirus. The Tour fell under heavy criticism, especially in world media, while locally it reignited the Serbian-Croatian national rivalry, dividing the public into pro and contra Djokovic?s behaviour during the pandemic. Drawing on the theoretical platforms of the sociology of sport and nationalism studies, I here problematise the role of a world-leading athlete in the Covid-19 pandemic context, primarily focusing on the reconstruction of the discourses produced on the actual Tour and the fact that Djokovic was infected. Pointing to the ways public figures shape the discourses on pandemics, I also address the role of sociology and cognate disciplines in dealing with the sport as a theoretical issue during the pandemic. I argue that the Adria tour was both an attempt to make a difference in the pandemic world and a means of escapism. It reproduced most of the narratives present in Serbia and Croatia, thus eventually appearing to be a sort of cathartic experience. After the phase of fear and chaos, dealing with the pandemic required recreating the community through the institution of sport and sportspersons.

Digital Skills for Project Managers: A Systematic Literature Review

Nowadays, project managers are facing various challenges related to volatile and dynamic environment. They should be able to manage successfully changing requirements, budget constraints and multicultural teams across several countries. Due to Covid19 pandemic context, digital skills have become even more important in order to manage remote teams and to handle increasingly complex projects. In this paper, we've conducted a systematic literature review so as to explore the main digital skills which enhance project managers’ efficiency. By analyzing the main extracted concepts from the papers resulting from our systematic literature review, we've concluded that adopting digital skills is as important as technical classic project management skills and soft skills. Also, we've performed a quantitative assessment of the 15 selected articles by using bibliometric tools. Indeed, our clustering analysis on the selected papers confirms the rise of digitals skills importance since the Covid19 pandemic. In light of the above, we believe that adopting and mastering digital skills is a requirement for current project managers in order to succeed in a changing and volatile environment. Digital skills will undoubtedly play a central role for project managers to stand out and thrive in this new normal.

The Language of Job Advertisements as Part of Employer Branding

The article offers the analysis of job advertisements as part of employer branding from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. It gives the insight into how the companies attract prospective employees by creating a positive image of the company, which appeals to the target audience. The authors study online job advertisements with the intention of specifying which linguistic and visual means help create the brand of the company at the stage of recruitment. As part of CDA method, a wide range of social, economic and psychological contexts are taken into account when carrying out the analysis. The coding process of the analysis is performed at the descriptive and interpretative levels. The authors explore the structure of a typical online job post highlighting the unique characteristics of each element. The article focuses on the strategies and tactics employers use in Employer Description section in order to target the best candidates who share the same values, win acclaim for the company, and form its distinct image. Particular emphasis is placed on the outlining the primary components of successful employer branding and their linguistic expression. Extra consideration is given to the impact of prevailing social values on the choice of strategies implemented in the job advertisements. The authors consider the specifics of COVID-19 pandemic context and its reflection on recruitment.

Testing reliability and validity of the Vietnamese version of the eHealth literacy scale (eHEALS) among medical students in Vietnam

BackgroundIn the context of COVID-19 pandemic, eHealth Literacy is important and essential for healthcare workers, especially medical students; eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was developed to measured eHealth literacy of individuals, with higher eHEALS scores indicated greater ehealth literacy. ObjectivesThe study evaluates the reliability and validity of Vietnamese version of eHEALS and analyzed some factors affecting on eHEALS score among Hanoi Medical University students in Vietnam. MethodsA cross-sectional study design was adopted, and data were elicited from 494 medical students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA); Cronbach’s alpha and correlation coefficients; split-half assessment; Poisson regression analysis were applied. ResultsThe total score of our subjects in the eHEALS was 30.34 ± 4.57. The results from Bartlett’s test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, calculated Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test–retest reliability were high. Poisson regression identified that eHEALS scores of participants was significantly associated with device, ongoing medical condition and trustworthiness of health information source (p < 0.05). DiscussionOur study helps researchers who conduct studies in eHealth develop optimal applied and intervention researches in subjects with medical knowledge. Additional studies need to be required with numerous different groups of people in Vietnam. ConclusionThe Vietnamese version of eHEALS is a reliable and valid measure. Device, medical condition and trustworthiness of health information source are factors affecting on eHEALS score of students in Hanoi Medical University.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antifungal consumption: a multicenter retrospective analysis

BackgroundIn the context of COVID-19 pandemic, antifungal overuse may have occurred in our hospitals as it has been previously reported for antibacterials.MethodsTo investigate the impact of COVID-19 on antifungal consumption, a multicenter retrospective study including four medical sites and 14 intensive care units (ICU) was performed. Antifungal consumption and incidences of invasive fungal diseases before and during COVID-19 pandemic, for non-COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 patients, were described.ResultsAn increase in voriconazole consumption was observed in 2020 compared with 2019 for both the whole hospital and the ICU (+ 40.3% and + 63.7%, respectively), whereas the incidence of invasive aspergillosis significantly increased in slightly lower proportions in the ICU (+ 46%). Caspofungin consumption also increased in 2020 compared to 2019 for both the whole hospital and the ICU (+ 34.9% and + 17.0%, respectively) with an increased incidence of invasive candidiasis in the whole hospital and the ICU but in lower proportions (+ 20.0% and + 10.9%, respectively).ConclusionsWe observed an increased consumption of antifungals including voriconazole and caspofungin in our hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and explained in part by an increased incidence of invasive fungal diseases in COVID-19 patients. These results are of utmost importance as it raises concern about the urgent need for appropriate antifungal stewardship activities to control antifungal consumption.

The research experience of postgraduate students: a mixed-methods study

ABSTRACT Research experience is widely used in quality assurance exercises to benchmark postgraduate education at the institutional level. However, individual differences in students’ research experience have been largely neglected. Furthermore, little is known about how differences in students’ research experience are associated with skill development and overall satisfaction. This study addressed these gaps using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Study 1 was a quantitative study that involved surveying 590 research postgraduate students (i.e. 421 PhD and 168 MPhil students). A person-centered approach, specifically latent profile analysis, was used to analyze the data. Our findings revealed that students could be divided into three groups based on their research experience: rewarding, ordinary, and unsatisfactory. Those with a rewarding research experience experienced greater development in their skills and higher levels of satisfaction, while those in the unsatisfactory group demonstrated the worst outcomes. Study 2 was a qualitative study that involved interviews with 10 PhD students. The qualitative findings largely triangulated the quantitative results but also uncovered emerging themes, including the importance of student-supervisor misfit, publication pressure, and the COVID-19 pandemic context. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Do Message Framing and Source Credibility Matter? : Examining Framed COVID- 19 Prevention Messaging in Saudi Arabia

This paper aims to examine the influence of different message framings (utilitarian, deontological, religious, virtue-based message, and God's punishment-based messages) on Saudi Arabians’ beliefs and behavioral intentions related to COVID-19 and the influence of message source (religious advocate, Saudi COVID-19 monitoring committee member, close person, physician, journalist, and social media influencer) on communicating messages in the COVID-19 pandemic context. The between-subject design experiment (n =222) was conducted online due to the Covid-19 restrictions in force at the time of this study and in an attempt to derive a representative sample from the general Saudi population. The results showed that the God’s punishment-based message was less effective than other moral and religious messages, including the non-framed messages, and member of the Saudi COVID-19 monitoring committee, followed by physicians, were believed to be the most effective message sources. Overall, the current research contributes to the knowledge about health and crisis communications in the collectivistic cultural context.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ONLINE CONSUMER BEHAVIOR FOR THE BOOK MARKET IN ROMANIA

The COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdown, along with the social distancing rules imposed by governments around the world, have caused major changes in the publishing industry and, therefore, in the book consumption patterns. The main goal of this paper is to identify the changes in the purchasing habits of book consumers within two different frameworks of motivations: utilitarian and hedonic – both studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. A model was developed to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as a circumstantial impact, because it implicated the temporary shutdown of physical bookshops, the uncertainty of contracting the virus by visiting the shops once they re-opened along with the upgrades that online bookshops developed during the pandemic to attract customers. Data were gathered from 410 Romanian consumers by applying an online survey. Multivariate data analysis applied to the model showed that the COVID-19 pandemic context had a positive and significant influence on the customers’ intents of online book purchasing. Moreover, while hedonic reasons exerted a compelling influence on the customers’ intents to buy books online, the association between utilitarian reasons and online buying intents is positive, but insignificant. These results could support all stakeholders within the book market, such as publishing firms and online bookshops to strengthen their online presence – to develop their websites, their social media pages, as well as expand their advertising operations through different channels. The outcomes of this research are important and useful also for the academic environment, as the changes within the book market and the evolution of book consumption behavior influence research and academic writing overall.

The Student Teachers’ Anxiety during Field Experiences in the beginning of New Normal

The study had the objectives to 1)study student teachers&amp;rsquo; anxiety during field experiences in the beginning of the new normal on 7 aspects: 1) own personality, 2)teaching context, 3)supervision context,4) classroom management, 5) subject content, 6) teacher professionalism context, and 7) Covid-19 pandemic context, and 2) compare the levels of the student teachers&amp;rsquo; anxiety, classified by sex, duration of bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree study, and the academic level. The sample consisted of 457 student teachers. The collection of data employed a questionnaire inquiring about anxiety and a focus group discussion record. The research found that: 1) The student teachers&amp;rsquo; anxiety during the field experience in the beginning of the new normal was at a high level; 2)When classified by sex, there were differences in the supervision context, with statistical significance at the .05 level; females had higher anxiety than males; no significant differences were found on the other aspects; 3) When classified by the duration of bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree study, there were differences in the teaching context and the supervision context, with statistical significance at the .05 level; the student teachers in the 4-year bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree study had higher anxiety than those in the 5-year bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree study; no significant differences were found on the other aspects; 4) When classified by the academic level, there were differences in the teaching context, the supervision context and the teacher professionalism context, with statistical significance at the .05 level; the student teachers in the master&amp;rsquo;s degree study had higher anxiety than those in the bachelor&amp;rsquo;s degree study; no significant differences were found on the other aspects.

Experience report of nursing students in a supervised curricular internship in the COVID-19 pandemic context

Objective: To report Nursing students' experience during a curricular internship in a hospital environment in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Methods: This is an experience report, of a descriptive-reflective nature, about the experiences of four students attending the 9th semester of the Nursing course at a Public University from the state of Minas Gerais, during the Supervised Curricular Internship in a hospital environment in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Results: The initial practice in a hospital environment generated insecurity in the students, due to fear in the face of the current scenario of increased COVID-19 cases. The students experienced frustration in not providing dignified care to these patients and fear of contaminating themselves and being a means of spreading the virus to others. In addition, some students presented symptoms suggestive of mental distress. Conclusion: The leading role of the Nursing team was observed by the students when they witnessed, in their everyday lives, the set of actions provided for the assistance and care of patients aggravated by COVID-19. Despite the professionals' work overload and non-guarantee of rest between shifts, there was care continuity.

Postnatal mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on mothers’ postnatal sense of security and on mother-to-infant bonding

BackgroundThe unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic context imposed new living conditions which greatly modified women's experience of the postpartum period and brought significant changes to postnatal care. ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic context on maternal sense of security and on mother-to-child bonding in the postpartum. DesignThis study had a mixed research design. We compared levels of mother-child bonding disturbances and of maternal emotional security amongst two samples of postnatal women recruited before and during the pandemic. Postnatal depression was also evaluated. A qualitative analysis of the participants' comments on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was performed with an open-coding approach. ParticipantsTwo samples of French-speaking mothers in the first six months after their childbirth, recruited before the pandemic (N=874) and during the pandemic (N=721). FindingsMother-child bonding disturbances measured with PBQ and levels of emotional security levels evaluated with PPSSi did not differ significantly between the samples. A high prevalence of women at risk of postnatal depression was found in both samples. However, participants’ comments on their postnatal experience during the pandemic contrasted with their quantitative data. Fears of contamination, social isolation, and lack of support were the main factors of insecurity. Lack of closeness with relatives and friends, limited presence of the partner in the maternity ward, and early interactions with the newborn with a mask appear to have altered mother-child bonding during this pandemic period. Conclusions and implications for practiceThe findings highlight the importance of considering social and environmental factors and needs when evaluating postnatal mental health and providing postnatal care to new mothers during a health crisis. Health services and professionals should pay particular attention to mothers’ mental health and well-being and guarantee continuity of care to avoid parents’ isolation in the sensitive postpartum period.

Maternal Distress during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period: Underlying Mechanisms and Child's Developmental Outcomes-A Narrative Review.

Maternal mental health may be considered a determining factor influencing fetal and child development. An essential factor with potentially negative consequences for a child's psychophysiological development is the presence of maternal distress during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The review is organized and presented to explore and describe the effects of anxiety, stress, and depression in pregnancy and the postpartum period on adverse child developmental outcomes. The neurobiology of maternal distress and the transmission mechanisms at the molecular level to the fetus and child are noted. In addition, the paper discusses the findings of longitudinal studies in which early child development is monitored concerning the presence of maternal distress in pregnancy and the postpartum period. This topic gained importance in the COVID-19 pandemic context, during which a higher frequency of maternal psychological disorders was observed. The need for further interdisciplinary research on the relationship between maternal mental health and fetal/child development was highlighted, especially on the biological mechanisms underlying the transmission of maternal distress to the (unborn) child, to achieve positive developmental outcomes and improve maternal and child well-being.

“Early Treatment”, Anti-Vaccination, and Denialism: who are the Doctors for Life in the COVID-19 pandemic context in Brazil?

The article aims to identify who the "Doctors for Life" are, their academic and professional information, which assumptions have been mobilized for the defense of "early treatment" and the denial of vaccines for COVID-19, and the representativeness of their discourses in the medical practice context in Brazil. The analysis is based on a list of 276 doctors' names, cataloged from their website, and on academic and professional information obtained through research on the Federal Medical Conseil website and the Scientific and Technological Development Nacional Council platform. The content analysis points to the centrality of the medical specialties of homeopathy and acupuncture in the population of Doctors for Life when compared to the set of specialist doctors in Brazil. The significant accession of homeopaths and acupuncturists to the Doctors for Life movement can clarify the understanding of specific medical rationalities, allowing us to distinguish which categories and ideas about the health-disease process are in dispute. It is concluded that, more than describing the problem, it is needed to establish its correlations with a group of events, practices, political decisions, economic linkages, shared beliefs, and a chain of processes that configure its undeniably social characteristics.

Attracting international students to a developing Asian country: Push–pull factors for a niche market, the case of a Vietnamese higher education institution

Student mobility has become a global phenomenon with an upward trend in the past two decades, and Asian countries are becoming important receiving countries. Such phenomenon has been increasingly investigated producing a growing body of literature on Asia-bound international student mobility. However, while some countries stand in the spotlight of international student scholarship, other lesser known destinations remain underrepresented. This article provides an exploratory effort to examine factors that attract international students to Vietnam, a country which has not been visible on international student mobility landscape as a receiving destination. The study employs push–pull factors framework and a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods (n = 94) to examine the push–pull factors that influence the decision of international students to choose Vietnam as the destination country and a Vietnamese higher education institution as host institution. Research findings show that major push factors include aspirations for new experiences, home country economic outlook and pessimistic job prospects at home. Regarding pull factors, at national level, bright economic prospect is the top pull factor attracting international students to a developing country like Vietnam, and at institutional level, the university’s reputation and its Vietnamese Studies and language programmes are the most important pull factors attracting international students to the university to study. Based on the research results, recommendations are proposed for higher education institutions in Vietnam and other developing Asian countries to attract international students with implications against the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Health Literacy in Health Professionals Two Years into the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Scoping Review.

BackgroundHealth literacy (HL) is an important public health goal but also crucial in individuals providing medical care. During the pandemic, COVID-19–related HL of health professionals (HPs) has gained momentum; it helps to minimize the risk of self-infection, on the one hand, and to protect patients and relatives from infection, on the other. However, comprehensive information about the levels of individual pandemic-related HL in HPs is scarce.ObjectiveIn this paper, we aimed at describing the extent of existing research on HL (concept) conducted in HPs (population) in the COVID-19 pandemic (context). The review intends to map the literature on HL in HPs, thereby highlighting research gaps.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted using the methodology of Khalil et al (2016). This involved an electronic search of PubMed (MEDLINE) and PsycInfo and a hand search. The included studies were iteratively examined to find items representing the four HL dimensions of access, understand, critically appraise, and apply COVID-19–related health information.ResultsThe search yielded a total of 3875 references. Only 7 (1.4%) of the 489 included studies explicitly stated to have addressed HL; 2 (0.4%) studies attempted to develop an instrument measuring COVID-19–related HL in HPs; 6 (1.2%) studies included an HL measure in an observational survey design. Of the remainder, the vast majority used a cross-sectional design. The dimensions access and understand were frequently examined, but few studies looked at the dimensions critical appraisal or apply. Very few studies reported an intervention aiming to improve a COVID-19–related HL outcome.ConclusionsHigh levels of COVID-19–related HL among HPs are necessary to ensure not only safe practice with necessary protection of HPs, their patients, and relatives, but also successful care delivery and subsequently improved health outcomes in the long term. To advance our understanding of how high COVID-19–related HL manifests itself in HPs, how it relates to health outcomes, and how it can be improved, more research is necessary.Trial RegistrationOpen Science Framework dbfa5; https://osf.io/dbfa5/

Depression, anxiety, stress, and physical activity of Australian adults during COVID-19: A combined longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worsening of mental health and health behaviors. While physical activity is positively associated mental health, there is limited understanding of how mental health and physical activity evolve throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine changes in depression, anxiety and stress and physical activity, and associations between depression, anxiety, and stress with physical activity in Australian adults across three-time points during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and methodsThis study collected both longitudinal and cross-sectional data at three-time points during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (i.e., April, July/August, and December 2020). Australians aged 18 years and over were invited to complete online surveys hosted on Qualtrics survey platform. Linear mixed models with random subject effect and general linear models were used to analyze the longitudinal and repeated cross-sectional data respectively.ResultsThe number of participants in cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal surveys was 1,877 and 849, respectively. There was an overall reduction between time 2 vs. time 3 in depression (d = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.20, 1.85), anxiety (d = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.02, 1.12), and stress (d = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.21, 2.04) scores but no significant differences in physical activity across three-time points. On average, participants who met the physical activity guidelines had lower depression (d = −2.08, 95% CI = −2.90, −1.26), anxiety (d = −0.88, 95% CI = −1.41, −0.34), and stress (d = −1.35, 95% CI = −2.13, −0.56) scores compared to those not meeting the guidelines.ConclusionIn the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, both governments and service providers should continue to provide the public with timely mental health support and promote the benefits of physical activity, as a cost-effective strategy to improve mental health and wellbeing.

Evaluating clinician emotion regulation during a serious illness conversation in oncology using multimodal assessment: A pilot study.

439 Background: Clinician emotion regulation (ER), self and the patient’s, likely moderates successful prognostic discussions with patients, yet challenges around its evaluation limit its investigation. We performed a pilot study to develop and assess an experimental framework that uses multimodal assessment (self-report, observer, and biometric data) to measure clinician ER during a simulated, serious illness conversation (SIC). Methods: We developed our experimental framework in four steps: 1) drafted a patient case and assessment framework; 2) refined the data collection strategy using a multidisciplinary research team; 3) trained our actor; and 4) iteratively piloted the case to optimize data collection. For the assessment, we conducted a cross-sectional, case series pilot study with physicians trained in SIC to assess its feasibility and acceptability, defined a priori as an enrollment rate &gt;60% of approached clinicians, &gt; 90% completion rate of survey items, &lt; 20% missing data from wearable heart rate variability (HRV) sensors. To characterize clinician ER strategies, we analyzed the visit dialogue, physician interviews performed while watching the visit back, and physician SIC documentation generated post visit. We used a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development based on preexisting ER theory. Results: The development phase yielded two major modifications: 1) abandoned use of AppleWatch since it did not provide continuous HRV measurement; and 2) used telehealth with video given context of COVID-19 pandemic. We approached 12 physicians and 11 enrolled, of which 5 were female and 10 white, 5 were medical oncologists, and 6 specialty palliative care physicians. All participants completed all study survey items. The results of our three HRV sensors were as follows: Empatica E4 and Polar H10 met our pre-specified HRV collection in all 11 resting tasks and SIC encounters, and the Scoche R24 the benchmark in 7/11 resting tasks and 4/11 of simulated encounters. Preliminary qualitative analysis suggests investigators can characterize clinician use of intrapersonal and interpersonal ER strategies. Conclusions: The use of multimodal assessment of clinician ER in a simulated, telehealth SIC visit was acceptable and feasible.

Socio-Structural Factors and HIV Care Engagement among People Living with HIV during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study in the United States.

Achieving HIV prevention goals will require successful engagement in each stage of the HIV continuum. The present study sought to understand the ways in which socio-structural factors influence HIV care engagement among people living with HIV (PLH) within the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-five PLH were recruited from January to October 2021. Semi-structured interviews discussed various socio-contextual factors that influenced engagement in HIV-related care as a result of the pandemic. A thematic content analysis reported semantic level themes describing factors influencing HIV care following an integrated inductive–deductive approach. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes that either supported or hindered engagement in care within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) social determinants of health, (2) social support, and (3) modes of healthcare delivery. The results underscore the need to assess socio-structural factors of health as means to promote successful engagement in the HIV care continuum and shed new insights to guide future practice in the era of COVID-19.