COVID-19 In Indonesia Research Articles

Distribution of ACE gene I/D genotypes and clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension and COVID-19 in Indonesia

Distribution of ACE gene I/D genotypes and clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension and COVID-19 in Indonesia

Cost Analysis and Treatment of Covid-19 Patients with Comorbidities at Rspad Gatot Soebroto

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the global health sector, especially in patients with comorbidities such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Patients with these comorbidities require special attention and proper handling during the COVID-19 treatment process, given the higher risk of complications in this group. Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital, as a referral center for COVID-19 in Indonesia, faces the complexity of handling patients who often have complicated clinical conditions which are also related to the costs required. Therefore, analyzing the cost and treatment of COVID-19 patients who also suffer from comorbidities such as hypertension, type-2 diabetes mellitus, type-2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension is essential to improve care management. This study took place from January to July 2021 at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital. The purpose of the study was to determine the cost and treatment of COVID-19 and the relationship between severity and outcomes. The method used was retrospective observational in COVID-19 patients with these comorbidities. The results showed that the largest cost expenditure came from room and accommodation costs. The highest average total cost came from a combination of comorbid hypertension and type-2 DM. The frequently used treatment profile showed antiviral therapy (favipirapir), antibiotics (Levofloxacin and Azithromycin), anticoagulants (heparin), corticosteroids (dexamethasone), and symptomatic (paracetamol). Improvement in clinical condition was the highest clinical outcome. The result of Chi-Square test analysis between severity and clinical outcome was significant (p-value 0.007<0.05). In conclusion, the treatment profile is adjusted to the clinical condition and the severity of COVID-19 affecting the clinical outcome.

Covid-19 Vaccination Impact on Four Asean Countries’ Stock With Spatial Dependency: A Comparison of Panel and Geographically Weighted Regression

Research about various policies and responses toward COVID-19 cases and its impact on stocks has grown recently. It shows that spatial influence is one of the keys in this research. The pandemic is not free from spatial dependence regarding how it indirectly impacts a country’s economy. Each country has different policies to handle COVID-19, such as lockdowns and vaccination. WHO stated that all countries require vaccination to build human immunity against COVID-19 in the future. Naturally, ASEAN implemented this policy; thus, it is crucial to see the extent of the impact of vaccination on the ASEAN economy. However, the residuals have heterogeneity problems when using the panel regression model. One of the reasons is that there is spatial dependence, especially when modeling the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, comparing panel regression with a geographically weighted regression panel (GWR-Panel) is substantial when exploring the reaction of stock returns to vaccination and positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand

Pengaruh Earning Per Share, Return on Equity dan Price to Book Value Terhadap Harga Saham Periode 2019-2021 (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponenya di BEI)

The phenomenon that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic that spread in Indonesia in early 2020 has an impact on all aspects of life, including the capital market. The spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia has caused fear for investors so that many of them choose to leave risky assets. This affects the movement of the Composite Stock Price Index (IHSG). The problem in this study aims to determine the effect of EPS (Earning Per Share), ROE (Return on Equity) and PBV (Price to Book Value) on stock prices in automotive companies listed on the IDX for the period 2019 - 2021. The type of research used is quantitative research with secondary data sources. The population in this study is automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019 - 2021 as many as 15 companies. Sampling using purposive sampling technique as many as 10 companies that meet the criteria. Data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that EPS can influence stock prices, and ROE also influences stock prices, and PBV influences company value. Simultaneously, the variables EPS (Earning Per Share), ROE (Return on Equity) and PBV (Price to Book Value) influence stock prices.

Spatio-temporal clustering using generalized lasso to identify the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia according to provincial flight route-based connections

Indonesia is a country that has been greatly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In the almost three years that the pandemic has been going on, the spread of Covid-19 has penetrated almost all regions of Indonesia. One of the causes of the rapid spread of Covid-19 confirmed cases in Indonesia is the existence of domestic flights between regions within the archipelago. This research is aimed to identify patterns of Covid-19 transmission cases between provinces in Indonesia using spatio-temporal clustering. The method used a generalized lasso approach based on flight connections and proximity between provinces. The results suggested that clustering based on flight connections between provinces obtained more reasonable results, namely that there were three clusters of provinces formed with different patterns of spread of Covid-19 cases over time.

Does The Declaration of The Covid-19 Occurrence in Indonesia Affect Abnormal Return and Trading Volume Activity? Research on Jakarta Islamic Index

The Coronavirus, which causes the disease outbreak known as Covid-19, spreads rapidly over the world and attacks the human respiratory system. The Covid-19 in Indonesia on March 2, 2020 has been confirmed by the Indonesian government. The financial market has been impacted by this situation, and stock markets worldwide have declined. The aim of this investigation is to ascertain whether a noticeable discrepancy exists between abnormal return and trading volume activity on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) both prior to and subsequent to the declaration of Covid-19 in Indonesia. The results derived from this examination demonstrate that the statistical significance of the Difference Test, which examines the abnormal return on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) both prior to and subsequent the Covid-19 announcement in Indonesia, is observed to be 0.024, which is less than the conventional alpha level of 0.05. Furthermore, The statistical significance level of the Difference Test in relation to the trading volume activity on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) prior to and following the Covid-19 announcement in Indonesia has been determined to be 0.009, which is less than the commonly accepted threshold of 0.05. The inference that can be drawn from this investigation is that there exist notable discrepancies in the abnormal return and trading volume activity on the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) prior to and subsequent to the disclosure of Covid-19 in Indonesia.

The Effect of Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, and Inflation on Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG) during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors on the Jakarta Composite Index during the Pandemic of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The macroeconomic factors used in this study as independent variables are Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, and Inflation. While Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) or Jakarta Composite Index is used as the dependent variable. This study uses daily data during the pandemic period in Indonesia, from April 2020 to June 2023. The secondary data are obtained from several official websites, such as www.investing.com and www.bi.go.id. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing with STATA tools. The results obtained show that all independent variables have a significant effect on the dependent variable. Exchange rate and interest rate have a negative significant impact on IHSG. Conversely, the inflation effect is positively significant to IHSG. This research adds to our understanding of the financial dynamics in difficult times and provides insightful information for investors, analysts, and policymakers attempting to manage the intricacies of the stock market in the context of COVID-19.

The Moderating Effect of Profitability and Leverage on The Influence of Eco-Efficiency on Firm Value

This research was conducted because of the emergence of cases of environmental pollution due to excessive production activities and the lack of awareness of business actors towards environmental conservation. Since the emergence of COVID-19 in Indonesia, the demand for medicines and other consumer products has increased. Public demand for companies to continue to care about environmental sustainability to reduce the negative impact of company activities on the environment. One concept that can be applied by management to handle problems that occur between the environment and the company is the concept of eco-efficiency. The purpose of this study is to, first, test the effect of eco-efficiency on firm value, second, test the effect of eco-efficiency on firm value with profitability and leverage as moderating variables. The sample of this research is manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2020-2023 using purposive sampling method. This research analysis method uses simple regression analysis and moderating analysis regression (MRA). This study provides evidence that environmental management implemented by the company can significantly provide good company value, besides that the high level of profit earned by the company can moderate the relationship between eco-efficiency and company value with a positive effect but in this study leverage cannot moderate the eco-efficiency relationship.

Policymaking and the role of government in promoting public health during Covid-19 in Indonesia?

The global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted inadequate physical activity, which has an impact on public health. Government policies are critical in supporting public health and encouraging physical activity during COVID-19. In addition, collaboration between public and health authorities, influencers, and governments is essential in implementing public education campaigns to promote physical activity and healthy behaviors. In Indonesia, strategies to encourage physical activity among children can include home-based physical activity programs, online physical education classes, and outdoor activities that adhere to social distancing guidelines.

SUSCEPTIBLE VACCINATED INFECTED RECOVERED SUSCEPTIBLE MODEL: EQUILIBRIA POINTS AND APPLICATION ON COVID-19 CASE DATA IN INDONESIA

Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19. A vaccine program is an effort to stop the spread of COVID-19 infections in Indonesia. The susceptible vaccinated infected recovered susceptible (SVIRS) model can be used to represent the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to construct the SVIRS model, identify the equilibria points thus apply it to COVID-19 case data in Indonesia, and determine transmission patterns, model accuracy, and interpretation. Literature and applications are the research methodologies employed. First-order nonlinear differential equations form the obtained SVIRS model. The model has two equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium point, and the other is endemic equilibrium point. The SVIRS model on the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia was obtained using daily secondary data from January 11 to November 30, 2022. The model is solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The model’s accuracy is accurate enough to explain the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia with a mean average percentage error (MAPE) value of 43%. According to the transmission pattern, the number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia peaked on July 27, 2022, then decreased to zero, obtaining an equilibrium point when no more cases of the disease were present.

Conditions of Workers Who Worked from Home during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Work from Home (WFH) is one of the policies implemented by the Indonesian government to contain the cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia since March 2020. People were required to adapt to the new normal way of working by means of WFH. WFH applied to workers in both formal and informal sectors. While those working in the formal sector can get a lot done through remote working, the types of work that can be done remotely in the informal sector are still very limited. The WFH way of working has finally become a trend that is considered flexible and has advantages for the workforce to be more productive without having to leave the house. By using the logit model, this study seeks to answer the characteristics of the formal and informal sector workers who work at home as an effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The result show that the Covid-19 pandemic was the primary reason why workers did WFH and that a majority of them are from the formal sector. The activities of the majority of the workforce during WFH are communication, promotion, and transactions which are mostly carried out by married women workers. In addition, workers who do WFH tend to be young workers who are highly educated and are familiar with the internet. Keywords: labor characteristics, work from home, Indonesia

Modeling and optimal control of COVID-19 with comorbidity and three-dose vaccination in Indonesia

This paper presents and examines a COVID-19 model that takes comorbidities and up to three vaccine doses into account. We analyze the stability of the equilibria, examine herd immunity, and conduct a sensitivity analysis validated by data on COVID-19 in Indonesia. The disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than one, while an endemic equilibrium exists and is globally asymptotically stable when the number is greater than one. Subsequently, the model incorporates two effective measures, namely public education and enhanced medical care, to determine the most advantageous approach for mitigating the transmission of the disease. The optimal control model is then determined using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The integrated control strategy is the best method for reliably safeguarding the general population against COVID-19 infection. Cost evaluations and numerical simulations corroborate this conclusion.

Knowledge Relates to People’s Attitudes

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) has become a pandemic worldwide, including in Indonesia. The transmission of Covid-19 in Indonesia is very fast and affects 34 provinces, many of which are in red zones. Central Java is one of the provinces with a very fast Covid-19 transmission. Public knowledge and attitudes towards the Covid-19 pandemic are very important to reduce the risk of infection among the community. The purpose of this study was to knowledge is related t people’s attitudes. The research design used was descriptive analitik with cross sectional approach, with a sample size of 65 respondents who were selected using the random sampling method. Data collection used a google form questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square. The results showed knowledge is related to people’s attitudes with a p value (0.000). Good knowledge and a positive attitude from the public in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic can make people take real action to reduce the risk of contracting Covid-19.

Social media as a supporting mechanism during COVID-19 in Indonesia: A quantitative study on isolation among elders

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has posed mental health challenges for people from all walks of life, including the elders in Indonesia. Due to the wide-ranging effects of this pandemic due to various phases of smart, partial, or full lockdown, people worldwide have faced serious problems particularly with their mental health. MethodsThis quantitative study analyses the experiences of the general public particularly focused on elders, those who are in isolation due to the COVID-19 protocols and limited social or physical interaction within the society. For investigating the social support mechanism among respondents, we have gathered a sample of respondents who are elders and using social media. The data reflect the opinion of respondents on elders during this pandemic. A survey was designed to gather data from elders facing mental health issues and using social media platforms to seek information in Indonesia. An online social support scale, self-awareness and insight scale were deployed to measure responses to the issue at hand. ResultsThe data show that the elders had varied conceptualisations about COVID-19 relating to the pandemic, i.e., eating habits, fear of death, strengthening religiosity in eating practices, fear of interacting with people, and interaction patterns. Elders were restricted to their places and had limited physical social interactions, thus social media platforms have played a significant role in developing online interaction among elders, to speak and discuss their matters for coping with the issues of isolation and mental health. ConclusionThe online media platform is considered a great support for elders to stay connected with families, friends, as well as with other communities. The study concludes that despite declaring the non-emergency status of COVID-19, elders have still suffered with long-term repercussions of this pandemic affecting their mental health.

IMPROVING THE WELFARE OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) AFFECTED BY ECONOMIC CHANGE THROUGH A COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT APPROACH IN LAMPUNG PROVINCE

The spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia has had wide-ranging impacts on human life, particularly on the economy. Therefore, a breakthrough is needed to address this issue by actively involving the community and working with the government to develop a community economic development program. This background prompted this study intending to obtain the right program for MSMEs affected by Covid-19 in Lampung Province. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods, including observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis method used is qualitative analysis, with conclusions drawn using deductive thinking frameworks. The results of this study indicate that the community economic development approach by the Lampung Provincial Government has been implemented using the processes and stages outlined in existing theories. From the process perspective, this approach has successfully gone through each process, and so far, the program is considered capable of addressing the problems faced by MSMEs affected by Covid-19. This approach is considered more effective, as the program has been widely felt and successfully fostered creativity, trust, discipline, optimism, and improving family economies. This approach has also been implemented by Islamic economic values , which consist of the values of divinity, justice, and cooperation.

Multi-objective Optimization Model for Medical Waste Supply Chain Management Without Landfill Tax During COVID-19 In Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought various problems into our daily life, and one of them is an increase in the volume of medical waste, which poses a risk to the environment and health.An evaluation of how optimal the supply chain management of medical waste as a whole can assist in the development of medical waste management and policy making. In this paper, the study on observing and reformulating the existing medical waste supply chain optimization model using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) is discussed. This study is done by modifying the objective function and the constraints with considering elimination of the landfill tax variable. The resulted model is also a multi-objective optimization problem. To this end, the Lexicographic Method is employed to obtained the optimal solution. In this model, the most prioritizes that is considered in the environmental condition to the medical waste supply chain. A numerical experiment is done in this paper which it results suggests two things, first, the cost of medical waste processing is much greater than its revenue, and second, the waste processing through incineration is not favorable. Thus, it can be concluded that this study provides a modified medical waste optimization model and decisions in determining the combination of the amount and method for each subtype of medical waste to be processed by maximizing profit and the amount of waste sent to the landfill.

Social media as a supporting mechanism during COVID-19 in Indonesia: A quantitative study on isolation among elders

BackgroundCOVID-19 pandemic has posed mental health challenges for people from all walks of life, including the elders in Indonesia. Due to the wide-ranging effects of this pandemic due to various phases of smart, partial, or full lockdown, people worldwide have faced serious problems particularly with their mental health. MethodsThis quantitative study analyses the experiences of the general public particularly focused on elders, those who are in isolation due to the COVID-19 protocols and limited social or physical interaction within the society. For investigating the social support mechanism among respondents, we have gathered a sample of respondents who are elders and using social media. The data reflect the opinion of respondents on elders during this pandemic. A survey was designed to gather data from elders facing mental health issues and using social media platforms to seek information in Indonesia. An online social support scale, self-awareness and insight scale were deployed to measure responses to the issue at hand. ResultsThe data show that the elders had varied conceptualisations about COVID-19 relating to the pandemic, i.e., eating habits, fear of death, strengthening religiosity in eating practices, fear of interacting with people, and interaction patterns. Elders were restricted to their places and had limited physical social interactions, thus social media platforms have played a significant role in developing online interaction among elders, to speak and discuss their matters for coping with the issues of isolation and mental health. ConclusionThe online media platform is considered a great support for elders to stay connected with families, friends, as well as with other communities. The study concludes that despite declaring the non-emergency status of COVID-19, elders have still suffered with long-term repercussions of this pandemic affecting their mental health.

The Innovation of Sustainable Tourism Business after the COVID-19 in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the correlation of the innovation of sustainable tourism business after covid-19 in Indonesia. The sample size for the research was 488 respondents who had experienced at least once visiting Indonesia. This research attempts descriptive research and quantitative methods with observations innovation of sustainable tourism business after covid-19 in Indonesia. The findings show that the total number of international tourist arrivals visiting Indonesia from ASEAN, BRICS, APEC and G-20 amounted to 5,546,971 international tourists or 94,19 percent from total tourist arrivals visiting Indonesia. Secondly, international tourist visiting Indonesia from ASEAN in one year is three-four times, Asia-Pacific in one year is two-three times and Europe and America in one year is one-two times. Thirdly, international tourist visiting Indonesia from ASEAN is one until two provinces, Asia-Pacific is two until three provinces and Europe and America is three until four provinces. Fourthly, based on the results that important of continuously the innovation of sustainable tourism business after covid-19 in Indonesia. Furthermore, the means are high, positive correlation and significant. It indicates high demand for sustainable tourism business after covid-19 in Indonesia. In addition, sustainability without innovation is useless and innovation without sustainability is inevitability.

Community-Centric Approach: Bhabinkamtibmas Strategies in Mitigating Covid-19 Transmission Within The Cultural Landscape Of Hukurila

The escalation of Covid-19 in Indonesia, including Maluku, underscores varying levels of public awareness concerning health protocols, notably non-compliance with mask-wearing, public gatherings, and other breaches of Covid-19 regulations. This article delves into the pivotal role of Bhabinkamtibmas, an integral part of the police force, in addressing these community issues. The research aims to elucidate Bhabinkamtibmas' strategies in curtailing the virus's spread in the indigenous community of Negeri Hukurila, employing a community-centric approach with qualitative methods like in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. Research findings highlight Bhabinkamtibmas' active participation in health education, mask distribution, and vaccination programs. They are also integral to the 3T strategy, establishing health centres, innovating health protocols in restaurants, fortifying places of worship, conducting vaccinations, implementing colour zoning, and forming Covid-19 data task forces. Bhabinkamtibmas goes beyond education, fostering security and discipline in the community's adherence to health protocols during the pandemic. Collaborating with Babinsa, they actively curb virus spread through socializing health protocols, participating in evacuations, and overseeing quarantine measures. Despite distinct roles, Bhabinkamtibmas and Babinsa maintain synergy, underscoring the need for community involvement and cross-institutional collaboration for optimal Covid-19 management.

Development of an innovation ecosystem model in handling the covid-19 in Indonesia

Technological innovation in the medical area is vital when the COVID-19 pandemic strikes, including in Indonesia. One of the essential innovations is a health facility for infection testing. Through the TFRIC-19 program, several Indonesian researchers have developed a mobile laboratory named Mobile Lab Biosafety Level 2 (MBSL2). MBSL2 is one of the medical innovations from the TFRIC-19 program as a measure to handle the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. TFRIC-19 is an innovation system initiated by government institutions in the RnD area. Establishing TFRIC-19 was the initial step in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This research aims to identify the actor's role in developing MBSL2. The technique uses the Ecosystem Pie Model (EPM) approach for analysis. It was found that the most essential aspect of creating innovation is collaboration between involved actors.