COVID-19 Cases In Indonesia Research Articles

A Mathematical Model Analysis of COVID-19 Transmission with Vaccination in Caputo Fractional Derivatives: Case Study in Indonesia

This study aims to investigate a fractional-order mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission using the Caputo derivative definition which suitable to epidemiological cases by its advantage to explain memory effects. The model incorporates compartments for asymptomatic infections and includes a vaccination strategy aimed at mitigating the spread of COVID-19. We derived the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points for the fractional model and computed the basic reproduction number (R_0 ) using the Next-generation Matrix method. Additionally, we conducted sensitivity analyses of parameters affecting R_0. The stability of the fractional model requires specific conditions to be met by the model parameters. To approximate active COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, we utilized the Explicit Grunwald-Letnikov method which well fit with Caputo fractional differential system. Simulation results demonstrate that the fractional-order model offers a flexible approach for modelling active COVID-19 cases in these regions. We found that fractional order for active cases COVID-19 in Indonesia is α=0.9856. The simulation showed that decreasing the vaccination rate and the efficacy of the vaccine would affect the reduction of COVID-19 transmission.

Covid-19 Vaccination Impact on Four Asean Countries’ Stock With Spatial Dependency: A Comparison of Panel and Geographically Weighted Regression

Research about various policies and responses toward COVID-19 cases and its impact on stocks has grown recently. It shows that spatial influence is one of the keys in this research. The pandemic is not free from spatial dependence regarding how it indirectly impacts a country’s economy. Each country has different policies to handle COVID-19, such as lockdowns and vaccination. WHO stated that all countries require vaccination to build human immunity against COVID-19 in the future. Naturally, ASEAN implemented this policy; thus, it is crucial to see the extent of the impact of vaccination on the ASEAN economy. However, the residuals have heterogeneity problems when using the panel regression model. One of the reasons is that there is spatial dependence, especially when modeling the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, comparing panel regression with a geographically weighted regression panel (GWR-Panel) is substantial when exploring the reaction of stock returns to vaccination and positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand

How Does the Covid-19 Pandemic Affect the Learning Process of IPS Subjects at the Primary School Level in Indonesia?

Since President Joko Widodo announced the first COVID-19 case in Indonesia in March 2020, the country has faced a prolonged pandemic, officially ending in June 2023. This period saw significant transformations across various sectors, particularly in education. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a shift to online learning, presenting numerous challenges such as limited student understanding, inadequate facilities, teacher proficiency in technology, and access issues. These challenges highlighted gaps in the national education system as outlined in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003. This study employs a qualitative, descriptive approach through literature review to explore the impact of the pandemic on elementary social studies education in Indonesia. Data collection involved extensive review of secondary sources, including books, scientific articles, and research reports. The analysis focused on the COVID-19 pandemic's influence on the learning process, revealing significant challenges and proposing solutions such as optimizing learning media, fostering collaboration between teachers and parents, and creating contextual learning modules. The study underscores the necessity for improved digital infrastructure, enhanced digital capabilities, and government support to ensure effective and efficient online education. The findings contribute to understanding the broader implications of the pandemic on education and propose strategies for the future in.

SUSCEPTIBLE VACCINATED INFECTED RECOVERED SUSCEPTIBLE MODEL: EQUILIBRIA POINTS AND APPLICATION ON COVID-19 CASE DATA IN INDONESIA

Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is the infectious agent that causes COVID-19. A vaccine program is an effort to stop the spread of COVID-19 infections in Indonesia. The susceptible vaccinated infected recovered susceptible (SVIRS) model can be used to represent the spread of infectious diseases. This study aims to construct the SVIRS model, identify the equilibria points thus apply it to COVID-19 case data in Indonesia, and determine transmission patterns, model accuracy, and interpretation. Literature and applications are the research methodologies employed. First-order nonlinear differential equations form the obtained SVIRS model. The model has two equilibrium points: a disease-free equilibrium point, and the other is endemic equilibrium point. The SVIRS model on the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia was obtained using daily secondary data from January 11 to November 30, 2022. The model is solved by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The model’s accuracy is accurate enough to explain the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia with a mean average percentage error (MAPE) value of 43%. According to the transmission pattern, the number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia peaked on July 27, 2022, then decreased to zero, obtaining an equilibrium point when no more cases of the disease were present.

Conditions of Workers Who Worked from Home during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Work from Home (WFH) is one of the policies implemented by the Indonesian government to contain the cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia since March 2020. People were required to adapt to the new normal way of working by means of WFH. WFH applied to workers in both formal and informal sectors. While those working in the formal sector can get a lot done through remote working, the types of work that can be done remotely in the informal sector are still very limited. The WFH way of working has finally become a trend that is considered flexible and has advantages for the workforce to be more productive without having to leave the house. By using the logit model, this study seeks to answer the characteristics of the formal and informal sector workers who work at home as an effect of the Covid-19 pandemic. The result show that the Covid-19 pandemic was the primary reason why workers did WFH and that a majority of them are from the formal sector. The activities of the majority of the workforce during WFH are communication, promotion, and transactions which are mostly carried out by married women workers. In addition, workers who do WFH tend to be young workers who are highly educated and are familiar with the internet. Keywords: labor characteristics, work from home, Indonesia

The Impact of the Pandemic on the Performance of Industrial Construction Projects in Indonesia

The Covid-19 outbreak has caused economic downturns and recession. In 2021, Covid-19 cases in Indonesia has a significant increase. The construction sector in Indonesia faced substantial challenges due to the pandemic, evidenced by contracted growth. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the construction industry cannot be viewed solely from an economic perspective but must consider various factors. Issues in the construction industry affect project performance. Previous research could not interpret the relationship between individual pandemic impacts and project performance levels. Therefore, this study aims to determine factors Covid-19 pandemic affects construction project performance in Indonesia. The study identifies five factors that may influence project performance: (1) challenges in implementing social distancing, (2) movement restrictions, (3) challenges of working from home (WFH), (4) planning for worker limitations, and (5) use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Data was collected using questionnaires distributed to project managers in the construction industry. Primary analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results indicate that three variables significantly impact project performance in the construction industry. The level of movement restrictions during the pandemic (lockdown) and the planning for worker limitations negatively affect project performance, while movement restrictions positively affect the challenges of implementing social distancing.

Paramedic Mental Workload in Pandemic Covid-19 Era

The number of Covid-19 patients hospitalized continues to increase in line with the increase in Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. The increasing number of Covid-19 patients in hospitals is increasing the workload of paramedics. High workloads will cause saturation and fatigue. In addition, an increase in the number of Covid-19 patients increases anxiety and depression will be infected when treating patients. Paramedics should also use personal protective equipment during shift guards which causes dehydration and discomfort. This situation can degrade the quality of service to patients. The study aims to measure the mental workload of paramedics by NASA-TLX (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index) method and find out the factors that affect mental workload levels. This research is a quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. The research was conducted at Hospital X type C in Malang Regency in October 2020. The samples used were all 100 Hospital X paramedics. Research instruments in the form of questionnaires shared through Google Form. Data analysis is done with descriptive analysis and Chi-Square analysis with p value <0.05. The results found paramedics had a low mental workload of 1%, a moderate mental load of 3%, a high mental workload of 47%, and a very high mental workload of 49%. The Chi-Square test results found that age factors had an effect on the mental workload level of paramedics.

Evaluating Driving Factors of Environmental Behavior of Red Brick Industry Actors During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, with a total death toll of 143 445 people as of November 1, 2021, ranked second highest in Asia, disturbing many livelihoods, including the red brick industry. This study aims to analyze the extent to which environmental behavior manifests and assess the capacity and incentive driving forces that affect the environmental behavior of actors in the red brick industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted through questionnaires, data processing, and analysis of descriptive and inferential data using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the environmental behavior of actors in the red brick industry was less good (12.12%), pretty good (69.69%), and good (18.18%). This study utilized the capacity and incentive variables as driving forces. The variables that contribute to capacity can be categorized as environmental knowledge, social capital, financial capital, natural capital, and physical capital. On the other hand, the incentive variables specifically encompass market signals and government incentives. Neither of the variables have been effective in motivating environmental behavior toward a better or optimal direction. Moreover, their concurrent influence on environmental behavior was weak (8.2%). The study of human behavior focuses on the causal chain. It is, therefore, multi-dimensional, meaning that control or influence of certain factors over behavior is relatively difficult to achieve. The optimal contribution of society toward environmental protection and control has not been realized.

Pemilihan di Masa Krisis: Refleksi Dampak Media Pemberitaan Terhadap Kepercayaan Dan Partisipasi Politik di Tengah Krisis Kesehatan Covid-19

The use of news media is believed by most researchers to be proven to be able to influence people's political beliefs which then facilitate people's participation in the political process. Political trust in the government and other political institutions is a key indicator of public participation in the democratic process. Specifically, this research aims to test the extent to which media exposure to information regarding the Covid-19 virus outbreak influences people's political trust in one of the regions that has the highest rate of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia and is holding regional head elections during a pandemic. Apart from that, this research also tests whether there is a relationship between political trust and the level of electoral participation during a pandemic. By surveying 211 respondents, this research found several findings. First, even during a health crisis due to the Covid-19 virus outbreak and concerns about being exposed to the virus, the level of public participation in the 2020 Local Election tends to be high. Second, the use of information media affects people's political trust during the pandemic. Third, political trust resulting from exposure to media reports has a positive correlation with the level of public participation in the Regional Head Election during the Covid-19 pandemic

COVID-19 Case Growth Prediction Using a Hybrid Fuzzy Time Series Forecasting Model and a Machine Learning Approach

The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into a global health crisis, with Indonesia particularly affected due to its high death rates compared to the rest of Asia. A significant number of unacknowledged, undocumented, or unaddressed cases further exacerbate the situation in Indonesia. Challenges arise from the growing patient population and a scarcity of resources, medical experts, and facilities. This study analyzes the daily development of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, aiming to estimate the number of confirmed cases, recoveries, and fatalities. Introducing a novel hybrid forecasting model, we utilize the Holt-Winter triple exponential smoothing statistical method and the fuzzy time series rate of change algorithm. We apply the Triple Exponential Smoothing Holt Winter statistical model to predict future periods to the fuzzy time series. Based on the testing results, our proposed hybrid forecasting model demonstrates a very high level of predictive capacity. The acquired data are highly accurate, with a 0.15 percent confirmation rate, 0.15 percent recovery rate, and a 0.20 percent mortality rate, along with an average absolute error of less than 10% for each COVID-19 case. The findings indicate that early awareness by the COVID-19 Task Force of the status of cases is highly advantageous. This awareness can aid in formulating appropriate policies for future planning, organization, and accelerated treatment of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Consequently, successful efforts can be made to slow the emergence and spread of COVID-19 in the country.

Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine (IL-10) Profiles and Ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in Covid-19 Patients

Background: The number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has continually increased since the first cases appeared in March 2020. This disease is due to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in the respiratory system that induces an immune response. The innate and adaptive immune response triggered the secretion of an excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine-caused cytokine storm that became one of the mechanisms of acute respiratory distress (ARDS). The anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13, and IL-4) were secreted as the immune response in the ARDS condition. Purposes: This study aims to determine the ratio of the IL-6/IL-10 profile as basic information for the therapeutic approach to prevent ARDS. Methods: This cross-sectional study used stored biological material in plasma form from COVID-19 patients in Jakarta Islamic Hospital – Pondok Kopi and Dr. M. Goenawan Partowidigdo Hospital, Cisarua. The plasmas were from severe (n=20) patients and mild to moderate severity (n=25). The negative control sample was collected from 13 healthy subjects. Assessment of IL-10 levels in plasma using ELISA technique. Results: Our analysis showed that IL-10 has no statistical difference between negative control, mild to moderate, and severe categories (p=0.629). Meanwhile, the ratio IL-6/IL-10 presented statistical differences between mild to moderate and severe categories (p=0.011). The average ratio of IL-6/IL-10 in severe categories is two-fold higher than in mild-moderate categories. Conclusion: We conclude that there is a cytokine storm condition in severe COVID-19 patients with an imbalance ratio of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and could be used as basic information for drug development in cytokine storm conditions to prevent ARDS.

COVID-19 PORTABLE RESPIRATORY DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE

COVID-19 PORTABLE RESPIRATORY DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE

Evaluation of Mortality Risk Factors of COVID-19 in Jakarta Tertiary Hospital During Peak of Second Wave and Predictive Utility of Community RT-PCR Low CT Values

Background: The Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 led to a surge in COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the demographic profile and mortality rates of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in YARSI referral hospital, Jakarta, comparing pre-Delta and Delta wave periods. The study also investigated whether low CT values in RT-PCR tests indicated heightened viral transmission before the Delta wave surge. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 1,457 COVID-19 patients hospitalized at YARSI (January-August 2021) and 25,279 RT-PCR test results from walk-in patients (April-August 17, 2021). Differences were evaluated using Chi-square or Fisher’s Exact Tests while binary logistic regression was used to assess mortality risk factors. Results: There were increased proportions of pregnant women, patients aged 20-29 and those with coronary artery disease during the Delta wave. This period also showed a significant increase in mortality rates, with the highest seen in patients >60 years old or those with multiple comorbidities. Notably, most of the deceased patients (131 of 139) were unvaccinated. Analysis of RT-PCR data showed rising percentages of positive results with low CT values (below 21 or 15) from April to June. Conclusion: The Delta wave saw a higher risk of hospitalization among young individuals and pregnant women, despite their low mortality risk. The unvaccinated and those with multiple comorbidities faced higher mortality risks. Increases in RT-PCR positivity with low CT values preceded the July COVID-19 case surge.

Stopping the Virus; Study on Participatory Journalism and Digital Humanitarian during a Non-Natural Disaster in Indonesia

Philanthropic initiatives during disaster events have become embedded in Indonesian society. It also manifests in a digital humanitarian practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, categorized by the government as a non-natural disaster from 2020 to 2023. The spreading of misinformation and inaccurate data on cases of COVID-19 patients, have become an obstacle in the early stages of efforts to stop fatalities. As the government imposes lockdown and restrictions access to information, the news media as one of the key sources of information is under attack. Thus, citizen initiatives in stopping the pandemic are worth documented as a lesson learned when managing disasters in the future. By conducting qualitative method, this research describes the implementation of participatory journalism in practice related to the data gathering and reporting on COVID-19 cases in Indonesia by "LaporCovid-19" and "KawalCOVID19". This research finds both platforms carry out digital humanitarian practices while organizing citizens and producing, curating, and disseminating information. As the government imposes lockdown and restricted access toward media and journalists, the digital humanitarian practice involves citizens through decentralization, self-organization, volunteerism, and the optimization of digital platforms. The collaboration is a multidisciplinary subject that combines crises management, communications, network collaborative organizational structures, social computing and technology. In conclusion, their efforts offer a model to develop citizen participation in the non-natural disaster using digital apps and citizen resources. The model intertwines participatory journalism and digital humanitarian practices that engage citizens during the pandemic on both digital platforms contribute to other citizens' efforts to prevent and overcome health crises.

Langkah Taktis Gaya Kepemimpinan Lurah Sunter Jaya Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi COVID-19

At the beginning of 2020 the world was hit by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) disaster, this virus attacked the human respiratory tract. Covid-19 was first discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. . The first Covid-19 case in Indonesia began with 2 (two) residents of Depok, West Java who were given treatment at the Infectious Disease Hospital (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso. The spread of this virus has changed the way of life and conditions of society. In this case, it is a test for the village leader to show the characteristics of the leadership style in dealing with the Covid-19 virus. This research is to determine the tactical steps of the leadership of Lurah Sunter Jaya in dealing with Covid-19. Qualitative research methods are research approaches applied in natural situations, where the researcher acts as the main instrument. Data collection using various techniques combined, and data analysis was carried out with inductive and qualitative approaches to explain research findings related to the role of a village head during the Covid-19 pandemic, exemplifying one's own behavior to subordinates, as a leader you must be the front troop, taking a role in strategic matters, conveying to subordinates that sub-district employees are community servants or the foundation of the community to solve the Covid-19 problem, there must be involvement from the community.

Implementation of Health Protocol on Nursing Students in The Dormitory During Pandemic

Global prevalence data released by WHO (2021) shows a decrease in positive cases of COVID-19 in Indonesia by 18%. One of the government's policy efforts to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus is establishing health protocols, including physical distancing, wearing masks, and hand washing. There is an increase in the number of dormitory residents at one of the western Indonesian universities, which causes a decrease in the effectiveness of implementing health protocols. The study aims to identify the application of health protocols, including physical distancing, wearing masks, and hand washing among nursing students. This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods. The instrument used is an online questionnaire, a random sampling technique with univariate data. The results showed that the 2019 and 2020 nursing students, 232 respondents (99.1%) and two respondents (0.9%) did not apply health protocols properly. In conclusion, most nursing students in Western Indonesian universities applied health protocols. Suggestions for students are expected to be able to maintain and improve the implementation of health protocols in dormitories to prevent the increase in the spread of COVID-19 or other infections. For further research, we are expected to use bivariate analysis to suppress the increase in respiratory infection cases.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ MOTIVATION AND LEARNING OUTCOMES WITH SCIENTIFIC LEARNING APPROACH

With the decrease in COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, learning activities are expected to return to normal in the new academic year 2022/2023. To increase the interest and motivation of civil engineering students, a student-centered approach is needed in theory-practicum learning. Scientific learning approach was implemented to increase students’ motivation and learning outcomes of Civil Engineering students after the Covid-19 Pandemic. This study is class action research conducted at Politeknik Negeri Ketapang with 29 samples. The scores of learning interest, learning motivation, and learning outcomes were analyzed by comparing student scores with the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria) score and making a percentage of class completeness. In cycle I, the completeness of student motivation and interest in learning was still less than 50%, so it was continued to cycle II, and at the end of cycle II, motivation and interest in learning still had not reached 50%, then the cycle was continued. At the end of cycle III, it was found that motivation and interest in learning were 68.97% and 79.31%, respectively. In addition to motivation and interest in learning, researcher also compared it with student learning outcomes in each cycle. It was found that, on average, the number of students who completed the percentage of completeness and the minimum and maximum scores for student learning outcomes also increased in each cycle. So, it can be concluded that the scientific approach can improve learning interest, learning motivation, and learning outcomes through classroom action research.

Buzzing before the Storms: Infodemic Pattern of COVID-19 in Indonesia

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic that Indonesia has been facing as a country with diversity and a high population, hoaxes and misinformation have become an acute problem. The Ministry of Communication and Informatics recorded 1,600 hoaxes related to COVID-19 from January 2020 to June 2021. By using the concept of infodemic and the theory of uses and gratification, this research attempt to describe and analyze categories of fake news, the types of media used, the description of the issues raised in the fake news, and the frequency of hoaxes spread during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia; and examine the relationship between the number of new COVID-19 cases and the frequency of hoaxes in the early days of the pandemic. This study used quantitative methods, with trend analysis in data processing of 1970 hoax issues released by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics to the number of new cases of COVID-19 patients during the same time frame. The results show no relationship between total COVID-19 cases and real issues. The frequency pattern of hoax issue distribution during the COVID-19 pandemic follows infodemic conditions, with the peak of hoax circulation equal to the start of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. Although the Indonesia government has made various efforts to address the problem of hoaxes and misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, this research shows that further action is still required to reduce the negative impact of hoaxes and misinformation on Indonesian society. Keywords: COVID-19, hoax, infodemic, pattern, social media.

The Impact of Social Media Strategies of Non-Profit Organizations on Covid-19 Donation Intention in Indonesia

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> When a disaster strikes, non-profit organizations working in the field of donations will be beneficial, as their role is to raise funds and direct them toward disaster recovery. A large number of internet and social media users in Indonesia provides opportunities for non-profit organizations to use social media strategies in fundraising promotions. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between non-profit organization strategies on social media such as interactivity and disclosure, as well as transaction safety in influencing the intention to donate in the Covid-19 case in Indonesia. The non-profit organization in this study was a non-profit organization that raised funds through social media for Covid-19 assistance. Social media in this study was not specific to one platform, but to Instagram and Facebook users who know the non-profit organization.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted on Indonesians who have social media accounts and know about the social media of non-profit organizations that were raising funds for Covid-19.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The study found that interactivity, disclosure, and transaction safety influenced the intention to donate through trust mediation. However, these factors have no direct impact on donation intention. Therefore, trust is an important factor in implementing social media strategies for non-profit organizations because it is the full mediator in this case.</p><strong>Originality:</strong> This study was novel in that it examined the effect of social media strategy on intention to donate, taking into account the perception of payment safety, specifically for the promotion of Covid-19 fundraising through social media by non-profit organizations in Indonesia.

Abnormal Returns around the Announcement of Covid-19 Cases on Stock Prices in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is a difference in abnormal returns on the day around the first announcement of the COVID-19 case and to find out whether there is a difference in abnormal returns after and before the first announcement of the COVID-19 case in Indonesia in pharmaceutical industry stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study are pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. While the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used in this study was a one-sample t-test on normally distributed data and one sample Wilcoxon signed ranked test for abnormally distributed data for days around the announcement of Covid 19. The results of this study show whether there is no difference in abnormal returns around the announcement of Covid -19. And also there is no difference in abnormal returns 5 days before and after the announcement of Covid 19.