Covert Video Research Articles

Unusual Event Detection

Abstract: The protection of privacy against covert video recordings presents a considerable societal challenge. Our objective is to develop a computer vision system, such as a robotic device, that can identify human activities and improve daily life, all while ensuring that it does not capture video contentthat may violate individuals' privacy. In this paper, we propose a fundamental approach to reconcile these seemingly conflicting goals: the recognition of human activities using highly anonymized videodata with extremely low resolution (e.g., 16x12). We introduce a new concept called "inverse super resolution" (ISR), which entails learning the optimal set of image transformations to generate multiplelow-resolution (LR) training videos from a single highresolution source. Our ISR framework learns diverse sub-pixel transformations that are specifically optimized for activity classification, enabling the classifier to leverage high-resolution videos, such as those found on platforms like YouTube, by generating multiple LR training videos tailored to the specific activity recognition task. Through empirical experimentation, we demonstrate that the ISR paradigm significantly enhances activity recognition from extremely low-resolution video data.

The prevalence of in-vehicle driver distraction in moving traffic

The diversion of a driver’s attention from the essential tasks required when driving a vehicle has been demonstrated to significantly increase the risk of having a road crash. Mobile phone use by drivers is widely recognised as increasing crash risk, while many other common distractions, such as eating or adjusting vehicle controls, are also problematic but less well understood. This study was aimed at objectively measuring the prevalence of various in-vehicle distracting driver behaviours in moving traffic. Covert video surveillance was deployed, using specialist video camera systems at four elevated locations on South Australian roads. Video was recorded and then analysed by multiple independent researchers. A total of 920 drivers were observed in the footage, and 8.9% of all drivers were observed to be potentially distracted. The majority of drivers were in passenger vehicles (94.6%) and among these drivers 8.6% were distracted in comparison to 14% of heavy vehicle drivers. The most prevalent driver distractions observed included mobile phone use (2.5%), reaching for, or holding an object (1.8%), eating or drinking (1.5%) and wearing headphones (0.9%). A higher speed zone was associated with a lower proportion of distracted driving behaviour. Reducing mobile phone use in vehicles through blocking technologies and police enforcement will decrease distracted driving and distraction related crashes; however, other in-vehicle distractions are also pervasive and require interventions to reduce distracted driving. Importantly, this methodology can be used to objectively monitor the prevalence of distracted driving behaviours over time and to evaluate interventions aimed at changing distracted driving behaviour.

Online UAV Trajectory Planning for Covert Video Surveillance of Mobile Targets

This article considers the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for covert video surveillance of a mobile target on the ground and presents a new online UAV trajectory planning technique with a balanced consideration of the energy efficiency, covertness, and aeronautic maneuverability of the UAV. Specifically, a new metric is designed to quantify the covertness of the UAV, based on which a multiobjective UAV trajectory planning problem is formulated to maximize the disguising performance and minimize the trajectory length of the UAV. A forward dynamic programming method is put forth to solve the problem online and plan the trajectory for the foreseeable future. In addition, the kinematic model of the UAV is considered in the planning process so that it can be tracked without any later adjustment. Extensive computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Note to Practitioners</i> —The “Follow Me” flight mode is available in many unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) products, and this technique enables a UAV to automatically follow a target. However, this flight mode may make the UAV noticeable to the target and compromise the video surveillance missions of the UAV. Inspired by some security surveillance applications where UAV surveillance is conducted so that a target would not take actions to avoid being monitored, we propose an efficient method to construct the trajectory for the UAV. The proposed method considers the visual covertness and the battery capacity limitation of the UAV, and it can produce a trajectory online for the UAV. The proposed method and scenario can potentially extend the “Follow Me” flight mode and generate new applications and market for UAVs.

Peculiarities of expert researches of the special technical means for covert audio or video control and observation over the person, thing or place

The article is devoted to the development of methodological support for forensic expert activity. The article discusses the issues of expert research of special technical means for covert audio and video control, and also examines the issues of their improvement in order to ensure the objectivity of expert opinions on classifying technical means as special technical means for covert obtaining of information. The indicators of technical means are analyzed, which are sufficient to classify them as special technical means for covert obtaining of information. On the basis of the analysis of scientific research in the field of forensic expertise activity, directions for improving expert methods and assessing its effectiveness are proposed. It is argued that the expert opinion is based on an expert assessment of research results, establishing the sufficiency of functionality, technical characteristics and design features of a technical means for classifying technical means as a special technical means of covert obtaining of information. The article provides an example of constructing an algorithm for solving typical problems during forensic expertise of special technical means for covert obtaining of information. In the context of the methodology of scientific knowledge, prospective directions for the improvement of expert methods are analyzed. Based on the analysis results of the special technical means for covert audio and video control features, approaches are proposed to ensure the effectiveness of the methodology, as well as the objectivity of expert opinions in order to the classification of a technical means as special technical means for covert obtaining of information.

Pulling the Wool Off Our Eyes: Medical Child Abuse.

Medical child abuse (MCA) continues to remain a challenging form of abuse to recognize, diagnose, and manage. The perpetrators of MCA have some common features that may heighten the suspicion that a child is the victim of MCA. Once suspected, the development of a multidisciplinary care plan that incorporates all subspecialists and health care providers involved in the child's care is essential. A structured approach to record review can clarify the concerns and discrepancies as well assist in potential future testimony. The use of overt or covert video surveillance systems are potential modalities to aid in making the diagnosis of MCA. If called to testify, it is helpful to understand the court system. Risks to the child from MCA are great and include a high level of long-term morbidity and mortality. Understanding this diagnosis and having a plan in place to address it when suspected can prevent further harm to the child. [Pediatr Ann. 2020;49(8):e354-e358.].

Social Influence on Handwashing with Soap: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Bangladesh.

We analyzed data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial conducted among 20 schools in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, to explore the role of social influence on handwashing with soap (HWWS) in a primary school setting. Using data collected through covert video cameras outside of school latrines, we used robust Poisson regression analysis to assess the impact of social influence-defined as the presence of another person near the handwashing location-on HWWS after a toileting event. In adjusted analyses, we found a 30% increase in HWWS when someone was present, as compared with when a child was alone (Prevalence ratio 1.30; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.47, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of HWWS was found when both child(ren) and adult(s) were present or when just children were present (64%). Our study supports the conclusion that the presence of another individual after a toileting event can positively impact HWWS in a primary school setting.

Issues and advances in research methods on video games and cognitive abilities.

The impact of video game playing on cognitive abilities has been the focus of numerous studies over the last 10 years. Some cross-sectional comparisons indicate the cognitive advantages of video game players (VGPs) over non-players (NVGPs) and the benefits of video game trainings, while others fail to replicate these findings. Though there is an ongoing discussion over methodological practices and their impact on observable effects, some elementary issues, such as the representativeness of recruited VGP groups and lack of genre differentiation have not yet been widely addressed. In this article we present objective and declarative gameplay time data gathered from large samples in order to illustrate how playtime is distributed over VGP populations. The implications of this data are then discussed in the context of previous studies in the field. We also argue in favor of differentiating video games based on their genre when recruiting study samples, as this form of classification reflects the core mechanics that they utilize and therefore provides a measure of insight into what cognitive functions are likely to be engaged most. Additionally, we present the Covert Video Game Experience Questionnaire as an example of how this sort of classification can be applied during the recruitment process.

Imposed upper airways obstruction

Though uncommon, imposed upper airways obstruction (IUAO) is important as a differential diagnosis of infantile epilepsy. It is also extremely dangerous. Because most cases eventually involve the police and legal arguments and because consent for publication can rarely be obtained, IUAO is a difficult subject to write about and those making such a diagnosis may be persecuted [1]. That makes it difficult for the clinician to find convincing published evidence to help in making the diagnosis of IUAO. This discussion should be read in the light of these caveats. IUAO usually means intentional suffocation or smothering of an infant by the mother in the context of what Professor Roy Meadow [1] called Munchausen syndrome by proxy and I called ‘active’ Meadow syndrome [2]. The presentation is as unexplained seizures or syncopes or severe cyanotic attacks or apparently life-threatening events. Although as shown in Table 1 the clinical and monitoring features should make it easy to distinguish IUAO from the better understood alternative diagnoses, doctors still have great difficulty, perhaps because of fears of personal consequences [1]. In my opinion, the features in Table 1 make it unnecessary to undertake covert video surveillance [3] but Courts of law are daunting places of argument.

Private Policing of Insurance Claims Using Covert Surveillance

This article presents the findings of an examination into private policing of surveillance in injury claims. The article examines the main assumptions in academic and legislative discourse relating to the regulation and control of surveillance within an insurance claim environment. The data is based on Australian 378 insurance claims where the insurer considered undertaking surveillance. The article describes and analyses the results of covert optical video surveillance of claimants in Australia. Specifically, it documents the use of surveillance by insurance companies more as a claims management tool rather than as a means of gathering evidence for future criminal fraud prosecutions.

The Video Camera Surveillance (Temporary Measures) Act 2011: An Unprecedented Licence to Search

This article examines the Video Camera Surveillance (Temporary Measures) Act 2011 which was passed as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in the case Hamed v R. This Act provided that a search was not unlawful simply because video surveillance was used. The article explores the previous court decisions on the lawfulness of police use of covert video surveillance in order to ascertain whether the premise upon which the Act was based, that video surveillance was lawful before Hamed v R, was correct. It then looks at the ratio decidendi of Hamed v R and the potential wider implications of this judgment. Finally, it assesses the state of the law under the Video Camera Surveillance (Temporary Measures) Act and whether this Act limited the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure which is contained in s 21 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990.

How can we protect children from abuse by carers working for charities, humanitarian aid agencies or faith-based organizations?

How can we protect children from abuse by carers working for charities, humanitarian aid agencies or faith-based organizations?

Apparent Life-Threatening Events

Apparent Life-Threatening Events

Table of Contents

Abstract Cover Story Improve student retention, success rates with case management model Case manager model improves high‐risk students' success Choose right case management model Briefs Mental health concerns revealed in study N. Carolina colleges bar dangerous students Gun ban constitutional, court rules DIY repair station promotes bicycling Assessment Advice Weigh pros, cons of commercial surveys Campus Safety Plan ahead to keep ‘Occupy’ demonstrations peaceful Follow safety tips for ‘Occupy’ protests Generating Opportunities ‘March Madness’ stirs up friendly competition among donors GO! Grant Watch Student Conduct Ensure impartial student conduct system Avoid courtroom terminology Managing Your Office Make your conference plans now for the rest of the year You Be The Judge Did university wrongfully expel student for conduct violations? Law &amp; Campus PRIVACY Covert video surveillance leads to lawsuit STUDENT CONDUCT Group conduct hearings could violate FERPA DIRECT THREAT Inadequate procedures lead to student reinstatement ACADEMIC INTEGRITY University expels student for cheating on exams Leaders &amp; Innovators RYAN HOLMES, ASSOCIATE DEAN OF STUDENTS &amp; DIRECTOR OF JUDICIAL AFFAIRS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO Transform students' perspective of conduct professionals Word of Advice Keep listening and learning

Covert Video Monitoring in the Assessment of Medically Unexplained Symptoms in Children

Diagnosis of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) occurs after thorough evaluations have failed to identify a physiological cause for symptoms. However, families and providers may wonder if something has been missed, leading to reduced confidence in behavioral treatment. Confidence may be improved through the use of technology such as covert video monitoring to better assess functioning across settings. A 12-year-old male presented with progressive neurological decline, precipitated by chronic pain. After thorough evaluation and the failure of standard treatments (medical, rehabilitative, and psychological) covert video monitoring revealed that the patient demonstrated greater abilities when alone in his room. Negative reinforcement was used to initiate recovery, accompanied by positive reinforcement and a rehabilitative approach. Covert video monitoring assisted in three subsequent cases over the following 3 years. In certain complex cases, video monitoring can inform the assessment and treatment of MUS. Discussion includes ethical and practical considerations.

Munchausen Syndrome Masquerading as Bleeding Disorder in a Group of Pediatric Patients

This short communication is about Munchausen's syndrome in a group of pediatric patients and co morbid Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. A 7-year-old girl presented with spontaneous bleeding from forehead, eyes and scalp. The girl was investigated thoroughly by pediatricians at a tertiary care hospital in western India for all possible bleeding disorders, but there was no conclusive diagnosis. After two days, cases with similar complaints were reported among children residing in the same locality and with similar socioeconomic background. All of them were investigated in detail for possible causes of bleeding but nothing came out. There was a media reporting of the cases as a mysterious bleeding disorder. At this point of time, an expert opinion from the psychiatrist was demanded. Covert video surveillance and series of interviews revealed Munchausen's syndrome and possible Munchausen's syndrome by proxy. An in-depth literature review with special reference to Munchausen's syndrome was carried out to come to a final conclusive diagnosis.

Riding through red lights: The rate, characteristics and risk factors of non-compliant urban commuter cyclists

This study determined the rate and associated factors of red light infringement among urban commuter cyclists. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a covert video camera to record cyclists at 10 sites across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia from October 2008 to April 2009. In total, 4225 cyclists faced a red light and 6.9% were non-compliant. The main predictive factor for infringement was direction of travel, cyclists turning left (traffic travels on the left-side in Australia) had 28.3 times the relative odds of infringement compared to cyclists who continued straight through the intersection. Presence of other road users had a deterrent effect with the odds of infringement lower when a vehicle travelling in the same direction was present (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.28–0.53) or when other cyclists were present (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.19–0.36). Findings suggest that some cyclists do not perceive turning left against a red signal to be unsafe and the opportunity to ride through the red light during low cross traffic times influences the likelihood of infringement.

Special Report: Highlights of the 2004 Institute on Psychiatric Services

Special Report: Highlights of the 2004 Institute on Psychiatric Services

Covert Video Surveillance in Pediatric Care: The Fiduciary Relationship with a Child

Covert Video Surveillance in Pediatric Care: The Fiduciary Relationship with a Child

Parents, Lies, and Videotape: Covert Video Surveillance in Pediatric Care

Parents, Lies, and Videotape: Covert Video Surveillance in Pediatric Care

Covert Video Surveillance of Parents Suspected of Child Abuse: The British Experience and Alternative Approaches

One million cases of child maltreatment and twelve hundred child deaths due to abuse and neglect occur per year. But since many cases of abuse and neglect remain either unreported or unsubstantiated due to insufficient evidence, the number of children who are abused, neglected, and killed at the hands of family caregivers is probably higher. One approach to combat child abuse in the U.K. has been the employment of hospital-based covert video surveillance (CVS) to monitor parents suspected of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSBP). The use of CVS, however, raises concerns about voluntary informed consent, research on human subjects, privacy, and the appropriateness of healthcare providers to conduct CVS. More broadly, the use of CVS raises concerns about the ethical life of healthcare institutions and their moral obligations to the families and communities they serve. The U.K. protocol for CVS is examined in light of these concerns. Three alternative CVS protocols and two procedures for selecting a protocol are then proposed for use in the U.S. The paper concludes that any CVS protocol selected for use by hospitals ought to be selected by means of open and democratic processes that permit community input and, subsequently, the possibility of a consensus on the moral status and scope of CVS.