Coverage Analysis Research Articles

Profiling and annotation of carbonyl compounds in Baijiu Daqu by chlorine isotope labeling-assisted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

Carbonyl compounds are among the most important flavor substances that affect the taste of Baijiu. However, high coverage analysis of carbonyl compounds is obstructed due to the poor ionization efficiency of these compounds. Here we report a chlorine isotope labeling-assisted ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry-based method (CIL-UHPLCHRMS) for profiling and annotation of carbonyl compounds in sauce flavored-Baijiu Daqu. 4-Chloro-2-hydrazinylpyridine was demonstrated to be a good labeling reagent that could achieve highly sensitive profiling and high-coverage screening of carbonyl compounds in the absence of heavy isotope labeling reagents. In the analysis of eight carbonyl standards representing different carbonyl categories, l-(-)-fucose, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, 2-hydroxyacetophenone and heptan-2-one could be ionized only after labeling and MS signals were significantly increased for other 4 standards with an enhancement factor ranging from 181-fold for 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde to 3141-fold for tridecan-2-one. The annotation was achieved based on multidimensional information including MS1, predicted tR, in silico MS/MS and manually annotated fragments. In total, 487 carbonyl compounds were detected in Baijiu Daqu, among which, 314 (64.5%) of them were positively or putatively identified. The outcome of the linearity (with a linear range of 2, 3 orders of magnitude), precision (less than 10%), and limit of detection (varied from 0.07 to 0.10 nM) indicated that the method was adequate for profiling carbonyl compounds in complex biological samples. The established method was successfully applied to study carbonyl compounds in Baijiu Daqu with different colors and different seasons. Taken collectively, the present work provides an effective, simple and economic strategy for comprehensive analysis of carbonyl compounds in complex matrix samples.

Coverage visualization and analysis of net inscriptions in coloured Petri net models

High-level Petri nets such as coloured Petri nets (CPNs) are characterized by the combination of Petri nets and a high-level programming language. In CPNs and CPN Tools, the inscriptions (e.g. arc expressions and guards) are specified using Standard ML. The application of simulation and state space exploration for validating CPN models traditionally focuses on behavioural properties related to net structure, i.e. places and transitions. This means that the net inscriptions are only implicitly validated, and the extent to which their sub-expressions have been covered is not made explicit. This paper extends our previous work on coverage analysis of net inscriptions of CPN models. In particular, we improve the CPN Tools library responsible for annotating, instrumenting and collecting the evaluation of Boolean conditions for determining the coverage criteria based on model executions. The library now automates most of the instrumentation parts that were done manually before and integrates the reports of the coverage analysis into the CPN Tools GUI. We evaluate our approach on new publicly available CPN models.

Concept Coverage Analysis of Ophthalmic Infections and Trauma among the Standardized Medical Terminologies SNOMED-CT, ICD-10-CM, and ICD-11

Widespread electronic health record adoption has generated a large volume of data and emphasized the need for standardized terminology to describe clinical concepts. Here, we undertook a systematic concept coverage analysis to determine the representation of clinical concepts in ophthalmic infection and ophthalmic trauma among standardized medical terminologies, including the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT), the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) version 10 with clinical modifications (ICD-10-CM), and ICD version 11 (ICD-11). Extraction of concepts related to ophthalmic infection and ophthalmic trauma and structured search in terminology browsers. The American Academy of Ophthalmology Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC), SNOMED-CT, and ICD-10-CM terminologies from the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics Athena browser, and the ICD-11 terminology browser. Concepts pertaining to ophthalmic infection and ophthalmic trauma were extracted from the 2022 BCSC free text and index terms. We searched terminology browsers to identify corresponding codes and classified the extent of semantic alignment as equal, wide, narrow, or unmatched in each terminology. The overlap of equal concepts in each terminology was represented in a Venn diagram. Proportions of clinical concepts with corresponding codes at various levels of semantic alignment. A total of 443 concepts were identified: 304 concepts related to ophthalmic infection and 139 concepts related to ophthalmic trauma. The SNOMED-CT had the highest proportion of equal coverage, with 82.0% (249 of 304) among concepts related to ophthalmic infection and 82.0% (115 of 139) among concepts related to ophthalmic trauma. Across all concepts, 28% (124 of 443) were classified as equal in ICD-10-CM and 52.8% (234 of 443) were classified as equal in ICD-11. The SNOMED-CT had significantly better semantic alignment than ICD-10-CM and ICD-11 for ophthalmic infections and ophthalmic trauma. This demonstrates opportunity for continuing advancement of representation of ophthalmic concepts in standardized medical terminologies.

Spodosol formation on sandy ruins in a semi-arid climate in the Catimbau National Park, Northeast Brazil

The Catimbau National Park (CNP) is found in the Caatinga biome under a semi-arid climate. The soils of certain humid areas have horizons with morphology typical of Spodosols, and their occurrence in the CNP seems to be in discord with their formation model. This study aimed to investigate the genesis of Spodosols in the semi-arid climate of the CNP, testing the hypothesis that these soils are the result of local tectonic conditions associated with a past climate. As such, a sandy soils toposequence over sandstone of the Tacaratu Formation, under Caatinga vegetation and a semi-arid climate in northeast Brazil was studied. Sampling was based on the structural model of the pedological coverage, whereby physical and chemical analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and soil micromorphological analysis were carried out. The results indicate that paludization of the soils occurred in two more humid phases, being compounded by the occurrence of distended faults/fractures related to the geology of the CNP. Microbiological decomposition under hydromorphic conditions led to humification of the organic constituents, which acidified the environment and increased Al solubility, forming organometallic complexes with fulvic and humic acids. The FTIR spectra and the presence of charcoal confirm the condensed aromatic nature and the abundance of carboxylic groups in the soils, these being related to the pyrolysis of biotransformed plant residues. Podzolization occurred in pulses promoted by intense rains under a dry climate and Fe-poor parent material, which favored the translocation of organometallic compounds of Al. The dense packing of fine organomineral material in the Bh horizons and the open matrix in the adjacent horizons indicate that the narrowing of the porous environment may be an important factor for the immobilization of translocated material. With the return of the current drier conditions in Brazil’s semi-arid, the podzolization process remains incipient.

Regional Disparities in Pediatric Uveitis Care Availability in the United States

A service coverage analysis of pediatric uveitis care in the United States was implemented to determine geographic disparities between subspecialists and the pediatric population. There were substantial potential service deserts, including several small metropolitan areas.

Analysis of Non-motorised Transport and Public Transport Facilities Using Bicycle Compatibility Index and Stop Coverage Ratio, in Vijayanagar, Bengaluru

Transportation development is one of the parameters indicating the development of any country. Due to improper maintenance of infrastructure, non-eco-friendly designs and practices etc. have led to congestion, accidents and environmental depletion. These problems can be addressed by developing a structured transportation system integrated with sustainability and safety. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing facilities in the study area and to suggest integration of non-motorised transport and public transport through questionnaire survey. The bicycle compatibility index is calculated to find the bicycle level of service of the study area. The bus stop coverage analysis was done by calculating the ideal stop accessibility index, actual stop accessibility index and stop coverage ratio index. From bicycle compatibility index, it can be concluded that the compatibity of the surveyed region was moderately high for bicyclists. Based on bus-stop coverage analysis, Kalyan nagar bus stop is said to have good accessibility whereas ITI layout has poor accessibility.

Theoretical analysis of transmission and phase coverage by a symmetric metasurface across dissimilar media

Metasurfaces are widely used for manipulating wavefront control, but so far, they are mainly applied within a single medium. While perfect transmission and entire 2π-phase coverage are possible if metasurfaces are installed in a single medium, there is no theoretical analysis of the transmission efficiency and phase coverage when they are installed to manipulate wavefront across dissimilar media. This study theoretically analyzes the maximum efficiency of the symmetric metasurfaces across dissimilar media and possible phase changes for the metasurface of the maximum efficiency. Our analysis shows that the transmission efficiency can no longer be 100%, and the maximum efficiency can be achieved only at discrete phase changes. If the entire 2π-phase should be covered, the efficiency becomes significantly hampered. We also carried out numerical simulations to validate our theoretical analysis where acoustic wavefronts are manipulated for beam steering and focusing using metasurfaces across two dissimilar media. This study gives insight into the future metasurface research aiming at perfect transmission with nearly entire 2π-phase coverage across dissimilar media.

The “CNN Effect” and Its Influence on US Foreign Policy Decision-Making

The “CNN effect” is a term that has been used to describe the influence of 24-hour news coverage on foreign policy decision-making, particularly in the context of the United States. The term was coined in the early 1990s following the Gulf War, during which CNN's live coverage of the conflict was widely credited with shaping public opinion and influencing US foreign policy decisions. Since then, the concept of the “CNN effect” has been the subject of much debate and analysis in the field of media and foreign policy. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of the 'CNN effect' on US foreign policy, with a specific focus on its role in shaping public opinion and influencing policy outcomes. Through a case study of US foreign policy initiatives in Somalia, this study analyzes the relationship between media coverage and policy decisions. The methodology used in this study involves conducting an in-depth analysis of media coverage and policy decisions in the selected cases. A combination of primary and secondary sources, including news reports, government documents, and academic literature, was used to develop a comprehensive understanding of the “CNN effect” on US foreign policy decision-making. The findings of this study suggest that the “CNN effect” is a real phenomenon that has had a significant influence on US foreign policy decision-making. Media coverage can create pressure on policymakers to take action by generating a sense of urgency and demand for response among the public and other stakeholders. In addition, media coverage can shape the international community's response to a crisis or conflict, which can further influence policymakers. However, the impact of media coverage on foreign policy decisions is complex and multifaceted, as decision-makers must balance the information presented in the media with other factors, such as strategic interests and long-term goals. This paper contributes to the understanding of the relationship between media coverage and foreign policy decision-making, highlighting the importance of considering the influence of media in policy outcomes. Understanding the “CNN effect” can inform the strategies of policymakers, journalists, and the general public in shaping the discourse and decisions of US foreign policy.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 18 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

Impact of RBI's monetary policy announcements on government bond yields: evidence from the pandemic.

We investigate how the bond market responded to the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) monetary policy actions undertaken since the start of the pandemic. Our approach involves combining a narrative analysis of the media coverage together with an event-study framework around RBI's monetary policy announcements. We find that the RBI's actions early in the pandemic were helpful in providing an expansionary impulse to the bond market. Specifically, long-term bond interest rates would have been meaningfully higher in the early months of the pandemic if not for the actions undertaken by the RBI. These actions involved unconventional policies providing liquidity support and asset purchases. We find that some of the unconventional monetary policy actions had a substantial signaling channel component where the market perceived the announcement of an unconventional monetary policy action as representing a lower future path for the short-term policy rate. We also find that the RBI's forward guidance was more effective in the pandemic than it had been in the couple of years preceding the pandemic.

FEATHERS IN THE PRESS: HOW MEDIA COVERAGE SHAPES BIRD CONSERVATION

<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of this study is to analyze the media coverage and impact of five different bird conservation cases, namely Recovery of the California Condor population, Bird collisions with buildings, Plastic pollution in oceans affecting seabirds, Illegal bird trade in Southeast Asia, and the conservation of the Spoon-billed Sandpiper.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research Methodology</em></strong><em>. For this study, we conducted a literature review of relevant articles, news reports, and scientific papers on the five selected cases. We analyzed the media coverage and impact of these cases using a table format, which included information such as the research data, case description, media coverage, media impact, and suggestions for future coverage.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>. Our analysis revealed that the media plays a crucial role in raising awareness and driving action on bird conservation issues. For example, in the case of the Recovery of the California Condor population, the media coverage helped to create public support for conservation efforts. Similarly, in the case of the Illegal bird trade in Southeast Asia, media coverage raised public awareness, leading to policy changes and stricter law enforcement. However, our analysis also revealed that some cases received less media coverage than others. For instance, the issue of Bird collisions with buildings received less attention, despite being a significant threat to bird populations globally. We suggest that the media can use interactive techniques, such as virtual reality experiences, to increase public awareness of this issue and drive action towards reducing bird collisions.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty</em></strong><em>. This study’s novelty lies in its comprehensive analysis of media coverage and impact across five different bird conservation cases. We provide suggestions for future coverage and highlight the importance of media engagement in driving conservation efforts.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical Importance</em></strong><em>. Our analysis provides insights into the media’s role in bird conservation and suggests strategies for effective coverage of these issues. This study’s practical importance lies in its potential to drive action and create public support for bird conservation efforts globally.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> Bird conservation, Media coverage, Media impact, California Condor, Bird collisions, Plastic pollution, Illegal bird trade, Spoon-billed Sandpiper.</em></p>

Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Bencana Banjir dan Pemetaannya Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG)

The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of flood locations in the Rokan Hulu regional administrative area and to determine the socio-economic impact of flooded households by modeling the distribution of flood locations based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The population is residential residents of Rokan Hulu Regency and floodplain sampling points located in the floodplains. The possibility of a flood disaster in Rokan Hulu Regency is very vulnerable and is divided into 16 districts. The research data was evaluated using point analysis method. There are two types of spatial mapping used, namely spatial mapping and spatial overlay. Spatial mapping is a description of conditions on a map, while spatial overlay is an analysis of several maps to create a new map. This mapping produces a flood hazard map, as well as a combination of point analysis and coverage analysis.

Computational identification of a multi-peptide vaccine candidate in E2 glycoprotein against diverse Hepatitis C virus genotypes

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is estimated to affect nearly 180 million people worldwide, culminating in ∼0.7 million yearly casualties. However, a safe vaccine against HCV is not yet available. This study endeavored to identify a multi-genotypic, multi-epitopic, safe, and globally competent HCV vaccine candidate. We employed a consensus epitope prediction strategy to identify multi-epitopic peptides in all known envelope glycoprotein (E2) sequences, belonging to diverse HCV genotypes. The obtained peptides were screened for toxicity, allergenicity, autoimmunity and antigenicity, resulting in two favorable peptides viz., P2 (VYCFTPSPVVVG) and P3 (YRLWHYPCTV). Evolutionary conservation analysis indicated that P2 and P3 are highly conserved, supporting their use as part of a designed multi-genotypic vaccine. Population coverage analysis revealed that P2 and P3 are likely to be presented by >89% Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules from six geographical regions. Indeed, molecular docking predicted the physical binding of P2 and P3 to various representative HLAs. We designed a vaccine construct using these peptides and assessed its binding to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) by molecular docking and simulation. Subsequent analysis by energy-based and machine learning tools predicted high binding affinity and pinpointed the key binding residues (i.e. hotspots) in P2 and P3. Also, a favorable immunogenic profile of the construct was predicted by immune simulations. We encourage the scientific community to validate our vaccine construct in vitro and in vivo. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Genomic and Transcriptional Profiles of Kelch-like (klhl) Gene Family in Polyploid Carassius Complex.

Genome duplication supplies raw genetic materials and has been thought to be essential for evolutionary innovation and ecological adaptation. Here, we select Kelch-like (klhl) genes to study the evolution of the duplicated genes in the polyploid Carassius complex, including amphidiploid C. auratus and amphitriploid C. gibelio. Phylogenetic, chromosomal location and read coverage analyses indicate that most of Carassius klhl genes exhibit a 2:1 relationship with zebrafish orthologs and confirm two rounds of polyploidy, an allotetraploidy followed by an autotriploidy, occurred during Carassius evolution. The lineage-specific expansion and biased retention/loss of klhl genes are also found in Carassius. Transcriptome analyses across eight adult tissues and seven embryogenesis stages reveal varied expression dominance and divergence between the two species. The expression of klhls in response to Carassius herpesvirus 2 infection shows different expression changes corresponding to distinct herpesvirus resistances in three C. gibelio gynogenetic clones. Finally, we find that most C. gibelio klhl genes possess three alleles except eight genes that have lost one or two alleles due to genome rearrangement. The allele expression bias is prosperous for Cgklhl genes and varies during embryogenesis owning to the sequential expression manner of the alleles. The current study provides global insights into the genomic and transcriptional evolution of duplicated genes in a given superfamily resulting from multiple rounds of polyploidization.

Revelation, Reckoning and Recovery: Bearing Witness Proximally in Local Journalism

ABSTRACT At a time when local journalism is under threat, regional newsrooms can play a crucial role in working with communities to confront shameful truths and profound failures. The regional city of Ballarat emerged as an “epicentre” of clergy sexual abuse through Australia’s landmark Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse (2013–2017). This article examines how the regional city’s newspaper, The Courier, bore witness to these crimes and their impacts within its local community. A content and thematic analysis of coverage of child sexual abuse from 2010 to 2019 documents how The Courier’s locally produced journalism revealed to its audience the extent of abuse, helping to acknowledge and face crimes that had occurred in Ballarat’s local institutions. The interlinked themes of revelation, reckoning and recovery demonstrate how local journalism can work with its community to address traumatic events that occur within its geosocial space. Local media bore witness on multiple levels, as both the amplifier of stories told by survivors and the facilitator of community processes of reckoning and recovery. We refer to this special form of local journalism as “proximal” media witnessing.

Framing a New Nutrition Policy: Changes on Key Stakeholder's Discourses throughout the Implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling Law.

The global implementation of structural policies to tackle obesity has been slow, likely because of the competing interests of governments and the food industry. We used the discussion of the Chilean Food Labeling Law to identify influential stakeholders in the media and their frames during different periods of the law's implementation. This involved a content analysis of the food regulation media coverage in five key periods from 2007, when the food bill was first introduced in Congress, to 2018, when the second phase of the law was implemented (N = 1295). We found that most of the law coverage was through elite press. Half of the sources were from the food industry (26.7%) and government (26.2%), while other stakeholders, were less prevalent. Frames were mostly competing, except for cooperation with the law. The main food industry frame used during the discussion of the law was the "economic threat" (41.9%), whose prevalence decreased at the post-implementation period (13%, p < 0.01). No other relevant stakeholders changed their framing. Our results highlight that there are several aspects of public health communication, such as the type of media used, the involvement of scholars and civil society, and the framing, that could be improved to advance food environment policies.

Demonstrating the Potential Impacts of Assimilating FY-4A Visible Radiances on Forecasts of Cloud and Precipitation with a Localized Particle Filter

Abstract The Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager (AGRI) on board the Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) satellite provides visible radiances that contain critical information on clouds and precipitation. In this study, the impact of assimilating FY-4A/AGRI all-sky visible radiances on the simulation of a convective system was evaluated with an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) using a localized particle filter (PF). The localized PF was implemented into the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The results of a 2-day data assimilation (DA) experiment generated encouraging outcome at a synoptic scale. Assimilating FY-4A/AGRI visible radiances with the localized PF significantly improved the analysis and forecast of cloud water path (CWP), cloud coverage, rain rate, and rainfall areas. In addition, some positive impacts were produced on the temperature and water vapor mixing ratio in the vicinity of cloudy regions. Sensitivity studies indicated that the best results were achieved by the localized PF configured with a localization distance that is equivalent to the model grid spacing (20 km) and with an adequately short cycling interval (30 min). However, the localized PF could not improve cloud vertical structures and cloud phases due to a lack of related information in the visible radiances. Moreover, the localized PF was compared with the ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) and it was indicated that the localized PF outperformed EAKF even when the number of ensemble members was doubled for the latter, indicating a great potential of the localized PF in assimilating visible radiances.

Conflictual cultural politics: unpacking local tensions in three Austrian cities

ABSTRACT In this exploratory paper, we discuss local cultural political tensions in Austria’s three largest cities (Vienna, Graz, and Linz). Against the backdrop of COVID-19, which hampered, yet also created new opportunities to host cultural events in public space, we analyze large-scale cultural events (Vienna and Graz), and a newly emerging cultural policy theme (Linz). Drawing on 30 qualitative interviews with cultural politicians, administrators, cultural producers, and artists (2020–2022), situational mapping, and the analysis of media coverage, we unpack (1) agential conflicts that manifest in unequal access to funding and decision-making; (2) symbolic conflicts that variously instrumentalize culture; (3) procedural conflicts that problematize lack of transparency and collaboration; and (4) spatial conflicts that materialize in diverging views about safety, cleanliness, and ownership of public space between state and self-organized cultural actors. Ultimately, we argue for a conflict-oriented approach to cultural policy to grasp the interrelations between power, agency, and space in cultural politics.

Assessment of vaccination coverage in patients with functional or surgical asplenia: analysis of vaccination coverage for pneumococcus and influenza in the population of Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale

Assessment of vaccination coverage in patients with functional or surgical asplenia: analysis of vaccination coverage for pneumococcus and influenza in the population of Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale

Pogorelich at the Chopin: Towards a sociology of competition scandals

Controversies are a regular feature on the international classical music competition circuit, and some of these explode into scandals that are remembered long afterward. This essay draws from the sociology of scandal to identify the conditions that predispose classical music competitions to moral disruption and to examine the cultural process through which a scandal attains legendary status. The case considered in depth is the International Fryderyk Chopin Piano Competition and the controversy surrounding Ivo Pogorelich’s elimination from the 10th Competition in 1980. Through an analysis of media coverage in Polish and English, I show how the scandal was discursively constructed through two interpretive frameworks: the collective memory of previous controversies at the Chopin Competition, and a generational divide. I also trace the legacy of the scandal over the decades that followed. Following Durkheim, I argue that controversies at classical music competitions should not be taken as an indication of their decline. Rather, scandals – especially legendary ones – can have positive effects for competition organisations and the wider social world of classical music, as long as they do not become chronic.

Assessment of vaccination coverage in Diabetic patients: analysis of vaccination coverage for pneumococcus and influenza in the population of Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale

Assessment of vaccination coverage in Diabetic patients: analysis of vaccination coverage for pneumococcus and influenza in the population of Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale