Covariance-based Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Market mavenism, tourists’ co-creation experience, loyalty, vaxication intention: mediating role of travel incentives in the post-COVID-19 environment

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between market mavenism, tourists’ cocreation experience, loyalty and the mediating role of travel incentives in the post-COVID-19 tourism environment in the context of vaxication intentions in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThis study used covariance-based structural equation modeling to empirically test the proposed hypotheses. A total of 348 respondents participated in the survey.FindingsThe findings of this study support the assumption that market mavenism (MM) engage in cocreating and sharing travel experiences (CCTE). Furthermore, the study reveals that market mavens tend to demonstrate loyalty (LTY) toward service providers when engaging in cocreation with travel industry professionals. In addition, the study establishes the significant mediating effect of travel incentives (TI) between MM and vaxication intention (VI).Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses the theory of planned behavior to examine tourists’ intentions for vaxication and the psychological factors influencing their decisions, while also using the macro–micro theory to explore industry-level factors like market mavens and customer engagement, leading to a comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 vaccination and tourism behavior. Further research is needed to address limitations such as country diversity, multiple locations and service providers, online behavior analysis, authenticity perception and identification of market mavens’ personality traits and travel preferences.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the scholarly literature in several ways. First, it explores the influence of market mavens on tourism experience cocreation and customer loyalty during the postpandemic era. Second, it empirically examines the mediating role of travel incentives, adding to the understanding of market mavens and vaccination intentions. Lastly, the study addresses the implications during and after the COVID-19 for managers and service providers in the tourism industry.

The Influence of Job Demand and Family Time on Driver's Effort with Burnout as Mediator (Empirical Study of Drivers of Online Ojek Provider Company)

Numerous studies seek to comprehend the emergences and processes of job performance, but they overlook the input of performance, which is effort. This research is not only headed in that direction, but also concentrates on exploring and analyzing the variables of job demand and work-family balance in relation to burnout and how it affects Goride Driver from Gojek's work effort. This research involved 229 Goride drivers from Gojek in Jabodetabek area. Covariance Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) was used to examine the data received from a 6-point Likert scale online survey. This study found that job demand negatively associated with work-family balance, but associated positively to burnout. Work-family associated positively with effort. Job demand and burnout associated negatively with effort. Burnout does not mediate the relationship of job demand and work-family balance to effort. This finding provides an explanation for variables such as job demands, work-family balance, burnout, and effort, and how they interact in the gig economy among gig workers such as the Goride driver.

Vaccines, associated risk and air transport industry post-COVID-19: A structural equation modelling-based empirical study in Hong Kong

The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacts the air transport industry. However, the availability of vaccines and achieving community immunity may change one's travel anxiety and the intention to travel after the pandemic. This study employs covariance-based structural equation modelling to investigate the relationships between the willingness to be vaccinated, perceived risk to travel via air transport, health risk propensity, prevention focus, pandemic travel anxiety, xenophobia, and post-pandemic intention to travel. We collected 442 responses in Hong Kong. It is thought-provoking that the effect of vaccines is not as significant as intuitively thought, which could be due to virus variants, data security, and the availability of a unified vaccination passport. People perceiving a higher risk to travel via air transport would reduce the post-pandemic intention to travel. Focusing on the post-pandemic age and the role of vaccination, this study provides insights on the key predictors for aviation recovery in Hong Kong from the psychological and behavioural aspects of travellers.

Leadership styles and employees’ commitment toward the national digital payment strategy: Multilevel mediating role of job satisfaction

This study examined the effect of leadership styles on employees' organizational commitment towards the National Digital Payments Strategy (NDPS) and the mediating role of job satisfaction. A self-administered questionnaire was employed to obtain survey data from twelve microfinance institutions in Ethiopia. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 502 employees to participate in the survey. Covariance-based structural equation modelling was used to examine the study hypotheses. The data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The result of the study showed that leadership style indicators such as transformational leadership qualities of leader (idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration and inspirational motivation) and transactional leadership qualities of leader (contingent reward, management by exception-active) have positive and significant effect on employees' organizational commitment toward the NDPS. Furthermore, the findings showed that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between leadership style qualities of leader (inspirational motivation, idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, individual consideration, contingent reward and management by exception-active) and employees' organizational commitment toward the NDPS. The study offers valuable insights for managers, stakeholder and policymakers in understanding the effect of leadership style on employees' organizational commitment toward the NDPS.

The Antecedents of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning Applications Continuance Intention

The purpose of the research is to analyze the factors that influence the continuance intention to use Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) applications in the context of language courses in Indonesia. The study aims to understand the key factors that contribute to users' intention to continue using MALL applications, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shift towards online and remote language learning. The research used the expectation-confirmation model and self-determination theory. Moreover, the research utilized a mixed-methods approach to achieve its objectives. A quantitative approach was employed, involving a survey with 445 respondents who had experience using MALL applications. The survey data was then analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. Additionally, qualitative research was conducted through interviews with 17 respondents to gain a deeper understanding of rejected hypotheses and gather qualitative insights. The most important results of the research include identifying the factors that influence the continuance intention to use MALL applications. The study found that users' perceived usefulness of the application, their satisfaction with its usage, and their self-regulation ability significantly influence their intention to continue using MALL. These findings highlight the importance of these factors in shaping users' decision to persist with MALL applications for language learning. By understanding the factors that influence users' intention to continue using MALL, educational institutions and application providers can improve their offerings and tailor them to meet the needs and expectations of learners. This research advances the e-learning area by shedding light on the factors that influence the continuance intention to use MALL applications. By uncovering the importance of perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and self-regulation ability, the study contributes to the understanding of user behavior and decision-making in the context of e-learning. The findings can inform the design and implementation of MALL applications, leading to more engaging and effective language learning experiences in online and remote settings. This research contributes to the advancement of e-learning practices by providing evidence-based insights into the factors that drive user intention and adoption of technology in language learning.

Instilling employees with meaning to communicate: servant leadership affecting employee voice behavior through meaning

Purpose This study aims to analyze the connection between servant leadership and the promotive and prohibitive voice behavior of employees. In addition, this study explained how servant leadership affects promotive and prohibitive voice behavior through meaning. Design/methodology/approach For this study, data were collected from employee–manager dyads employed in the service sector. Each of the waves was initiated two months after the first wave. Finally, 286 useful responses were obtained. The collected data was analyzed through covariance-based structural equation modeling. Findings Servant leadership is related with meaning, promotive voice behavior and prohibitive voice behavior. Meaning is found to mediate the relationship between servant leadership and the two facets of voice behavior. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to explore the mediating role of meaning relating servant leadership to promotive and prohibitive voice behavior.

The Effect of Human Resource Practices on Hotel Performance during Crisis: A Case Study of Star-Rated Hotels in Mombasa, Kenya

Purpose: Star-rated hotels play a pivotal role in the global economy, contributing significantly to international tourism, job creation, and fostering cross-cultural exchanges. These establishments are luxurious havens and symbols of excellence and diplomacy, promoting economic growth and development, attracting foreign investment, and serving as ambassadors of local culture. In Kenya, star-rated hotels are essential contributors to the national economy, promoting sustainability and wildlife conservation. While these hotels have traditionally thrived due to Kenya's vibrant tourism sector, the industry faces an ever-present threat of crises. Therefore, this study, anchored in the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory analyzed the effect of human resource practices on the performance of hotels in Mombasa County during crises.
 Methodology: This research employed a Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) approach, well-suited for assessing direct and indirect associations among observed and latent constructs. The study utilized an ex post facto research design to investigate the impact of specific Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on the performance of star-rated hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya, particularly during crises. Structured questionnaires were meticulously administered to 198 management staff members working within star-rated hotels in Mombasa County. This population was chosen due to its critical role in hotel operations, allowing the research to gain comprehensive insights into the relationships under examination. The response rate, approximately 90%, was considered practical and representative of questionnaire-based research. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis techniques and presented in tabular format.
 Findings: The study indicated that Talent Retention and Training exhibited a statistically significant positive effect on hotel performance, with a substantial path coefficient of 0.619. Crisis Communication and Leadership also contributed significantly to hotel performance, showcasing a positive and statistically significant path coefficient of 0.355. On the other hand, Resource Management and Adaptability did not exhibit a statistically significant direct relationship with hotel performance, as indicated by a non-significant path coefficient (p = 0.607). The robust positive relationships discovered between Talent Retention and Training, Crisis Communication and Leadership, and hotel performance align harmoniously with previous research findings. These results underscore the critical roles these factors play within the hospitality industry. Investments in talent management and effective crisis management strategies are vital for a hotel's success. The non-significant relationship between Resource Management and Adaptability and hotel performance challenges conventional wisdom but emphasizes the importance of considering the specific contextual nuances.
 Recommendations: In conclusion, the study demonstrates that Talent Retention and Training, as well as Crisis Communication and Leadership, significantly contribute to the performance of star-rated hotels in Mombasa County, Kenya. These findings underline the need for hoteliers to prioritize investments in talent management, crisis management, and leadership skills. While the relationship between resource management, adaptability, and hotel performance appears more complex, further research is required to unearth any potential indirect effects or contextual nuances.

Customers’ Satisfaction of E-Banking in Bangladesh: Do Service Quality and Customers’ Experiences Matter?

The banking sectors are optimistic that electronic banking (E-banking) will help them provide better customer service and strengthen customer relationships. Despite this, a relatively low priority has been given to the level of satisfaction that E-banking users in Bangladesh have regarding the quality of the services they receive and their overall experiences. Consequently, this study aims to determine the effect of service quality and customer experiences on the level of satisfaction perceived by E-banking customers in Bangladesh. Using a convenience sampling technique and a self-administered questionnaire, we gathered data from 315 E-banking customers. The independent variable (service quality and customer experience) and dependent variable (customer satisfaction) on a five-point “Likert-Type Scale” explain the degree to which participants agree or disagree with the questionnaire’s statements. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was utilised to analyse the gathered data. The findings of this study indicate that service quality and customer experience significantly positively affect E-banking customer satisfaction in Bangladesh. The outcomes of this study will urge the banking authorities to prioritize service quality to boost customer satisfaction by suggesting several steps to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and security of the E-banking system.

An Empirical Study of User Adoption of Cryptocurrency Using Blockchain Technology: Analysing Role of Success Factors like Technology Awareness and Financial Literacy

The study aims to investigate how an individual’s technology awareness, subjective financial literacy and personal innovativeness characteristics impact the intention to use blockchain-based digital currencies such as cryptocurrency. The UTAUT 2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2) model is extended with crucial constructs to develop the conceptual model. A total of 312 responses are analysed using Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM). The moderation effects are assessed using multi-group analysis. The findings show a significant moderating effect of technology awareness and subjective financial literacy on the relationship between performance expectancy (PE) and behavioural intention to use cryptocurrency (BI). It further identified that performance expectancy (PE) mediates personal innovativeness (PI) and usage intentions (BI). The study adds to the growing literature of digital currency adoption by focusing on individual innovativeness, technology awareness and financial literacy. It also proposes a research model that can be generalised for new-age consumer-based financial technology adoption.

Missing link in ‘new-normal’ for higher education: nexus between online experiential marketing, perceived-harm, social distancing concern and university brand evangelism in China

ABSTRACT Chinese universities were the first to experience the massive shock waves of the COVID-19 pandemic that disrupted higher education globally. Despite extensive research on higher education in the ‘new normal’, empirical evidence on the potential role of online experiential marketing and university brand evangelism is still little to none. To address this critical research gap, the present study is the first to explore university brand evangelism in China and how it is influenced by online experiential marketing. In addition, the moderating effects of perceived harm and social distancing concern on the relationship between online experiential marketing and university brand evangelism were also tested. Based on a sample of university students in China (N = 242) and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), the findings revealed that online experiential marketing (including sense, feel, think, act, and relate dimensions) significantly magnifies university brand evangelism in China. Interestingly, this relationship becomes more strengthened when the Chinese students have a high intensity of perceived harm of COVID-19 and social distancing concerns. These novel findings provide new insights to both policymakers and marketers globally about the powerful medium of online experiential marketing to successfully promote university brands (during and after the global pandemic) using university brand evangelism more strategically.

Factors Influencing Intentions to Return Express Delivery Packages for Next Use in A Developing Country

The rapid growth of the e-commerce and logistics industries has generated considerable express packaging waste, which is steadily harming the environment. Thus, achieving a sustainable e-commerce system has become crucial. This study aims to identify the factors that affect intentions to return Express Delivery Packages (EDPs) for next use by applying the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in a developing country context. The research data were gathered through an online survey in Thailand. In total, 426 responses were obtained using convenience sampling. This paper presents the constructed model and results of the empirical data analysis which utilized a Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modelling (CB-SEM) approach. The results reveal that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and awareness of consequences, significantly impact intentions. Surprisingly, the hypotheses for convenience, incentive, and risk perception, did not affect intentions to return. The contributions to the literature on reverse logistics include improving understanding of the consumer perspective as well as providing insights to the government and express delivery operators for understanding the relative magnitude of factors that lead to intentions to return EDPs, which can provide guidance in forming strategies that will encourage the involvement of more enviormentally friendly practises, in line with circular goals.

The Influence of S-Commerce Dimensions on Repurchase Intention of BTS Merchandise with Customers Engagement as a Mediation Variable on Army in Padang City

The purpose of this study is to analyze the extent of the influence of the S-Commerce Dimension in increasing the repurchase intention of BTS Merchandise products. The population in this study are all BTS Merchandise consumers whose number is not known with certainty. While the number of samples in this study were consumers who had purchased and used BTS Merchandise products, totaling 320 respondents using a purposive sampling method. The survey method for data collection in this study used a structured questionnaire, in which respondents were asked to provide their responses to experiments conducted on BTS Merchandise products. Covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) was used to analyze the hypothesized relationships in the research model. The findings show that: 1) The Trust variable has a significant positive effect on the Customer Engagement variable on BTS merchandise products. 2) The Responsiveness variable does not have a significant effect on the Customer Engagement variable on BTS merchandise products. 3) The Reliability variable has a significant and positive influence on the Customer Engagement variable on BTS merchandise products. 4) The Compatibility variable does not have a significant effect on the Customer Engagement variable on BTS merchandise products. 5) The Customer Engagement variable has a significant and positive influence on the repurchase intention variable on BTS merchandise products. 6) Customer engagement mediates the relationship between trust and repurchase intention on BTS merchandise products. 7) Customer engagement does not mediate the relationship between responsiveness and repurchase intention on BTS merchandise products. 8) Customer engagement mediates the relationship between Reliability and repurchase intention on BTS merchandise products. 9) Customer engagement does not mediate the relationship between compatibility and repurchase intention on BTS merchandise products.

The Development of the Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM)

Due to the advancements in real-time information communication technologies and sharing economies, rideshare services have gained significant momentum by offering dynamic and/or on-demand services. Rideshare service companies evolved from personal rideshare, where riders traveled solo or with known individuals, into pooled rideshare (PR), where riders can travel with one to multiple unknown riders. Similar to other shared economy services, pooled rideshare is beneficial as it efficiently utilizes resources, resulting in reduced energy usage, as well as reduced costs for the riders. However, previous research has demonstrated that riders have concerns about using pooled rideshare, especially regarding personal safety. A U.S. national survey with 5385 participants was used to understand human factor-related barriers and user preferences to develop a novel Pooled Rideshare Acceptance Model (PRAM). This model used a covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM) to identify the relationships between willingness to consider PR factors (time/cost, privacy, safety, service experience, and traffic/environment) and optimizing one’s experience of PR factors (vehicle technology/accessibility, convenience, comfort/ease of use, and passenger safety), resulting in the higher-order factor trust service. We examined the factors’ relative contribution to one’s willingness/attitude towards PR and user acceptance of PR. Privacy, safety, trust service, and convenience were statistically significant factors in the model, as were the comfort/ease of use factor and the service experience, traffic/environment, and passenger safety factors. The only two non-significant factors in the model were time/cost and vehicle technology/accessibility; it is only when a rider feels safe that individuals then consider the additional non-significant variables of time, cost, technology, and accessibility. Privacy, safety, and service experience were factors that discouraged the use of PR, whereas the convenience factor greatly encouraged the acceptance of PR. Despite the time/cost factor’s lack of significance, individual items related to time and cost were crucial when viewed within the context of convenience. This highlights that while user perceptions of privacy and safety are paramount to their attitude towards PR, once safety concerns are addressed, and services are deemed convenient, time and cost elements significantly enhance their trust in pooled rideshare services. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of user acceptance of PR services and offers actionable insights for policymakers and rideshare companies to improve their services and increase user adoption.

A Longitudinal Survey of Job Satisfaction among Pharmaceutical Executives: An Unconditional Latent Growth Curve Study

Cross-sectional studies have been done to explore job satisfaction (JS) among pharmaceutical executives. However, limited evidence of increment or decrement in JS is provided in cross-sectional studies. Latent growth curve models provide a computational framework for evaluating changes in perception and behavior using longitudinal data. Drawing from Locke’s theory of satisfaction, the study explored change in the perception of JS among pharmaceutical executives. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to use a longitudinal design to explore the trajectory of change in JS among pharmaceutical marketing executives using unconditional latent growth curve analysis. Data were collected using an online survey questionnaire from a cohort sample of 1,023 pharmaceutical executives over 3 unequal time waves- T1 (406, June 2021) during COVID-19; and post-COVID periods-T2 (401, July 2022); and T3 (216, March 2023) using random sampling. Covariance-based structural equation modeling in EQS 6.4 was used for analysis. The model showed an acceptable fit. The mean score of JS was significant and positive (Intercept factor; M=2.265, p<0.01). The positive linear growth trend in JS was obtained (growth factor increment=4.594, p<0.01) at each time point. Initial satisfaction states of individual executives were not necessarily linked to changes in mean values over time. The study observed that JS has been on a positive growth trajectory since the COVID-19 pandemic. The study indicates improvement in working conditions by employers since the pandemic and/or coping strategies by employees. This study gives a simple guide to performing latent growth analysis in behavioral research. Keywords: Covid-19, Job satisfaction, Latent growth curve, Locke’s theory of satisfaction, Longitudinal study, Pharmaceutical marketing, Structural equation modeling.

Facebook-based social media marketing and Facebook-based online purchases: evidence from the Facebook page admins of selected South Asian fashion retailers

PurposeThis study intends to explore the connection between Facebook-based social media marketing (FSMM) and Facebook-based online purchase order (FOPO) for 20 popular online fashion retail brands across three South Asian countries: India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. FSMM was further divided into four components: Perceived trust (PT), Perceived informativeness (PInf), Perceived interactivity (PInt) and Perceived benefit (PB). Design/methodology/approachThe authors selected 20 popular Facebook-based online fashion brands involved in clothing and fashion accessories businesses in those three countries. Later, the authors purposively selected 114 region-based Facebook page administrators (admins) responsible for operating those brands' Facebook pages and taking Facebook-based online orders. The authors collected primary data from those admins as respondents through a structured survey instrument. The authors applied SPSS 25 for descriptive analysis and a covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) (through AMOS 25) for testing the hypothesized relations.FindingsBased on the valid responses and application of proper statistical measures, it was revealed that three FSMM components: PT, PInf and PB have significant positive relationships with FOPO, while PInt has an insignificant relationship with FOPO. Originality/valueSouth Asia is a growing business hub and the largest consumer market in terms of population. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between FSMM and FOPO in the three most prominent South Asian countries. As the first study was undertaken ever on customer perceptions of FSMM in a multi-country South Asian context, this paper is expected to be helpful for academics in conducting further empirical investigations on Facebook-based marketing as well as practitioners and policymakers in formulating and implementing Facebook-based marketing strategies.

Using social presence theory to predict online consumer engagement in the emerging markets

The purpose of this paper was to contribute to the dimension of online consumer engagement in the emerging markets. The study is based on the social presence theory factors. The study evaluated 443 data sets obtained through a standardized Qualtrics online survey to examine social presence theory to predict online consumer engagement in the emerging markets. The study employed AMOS v24 with the covariance-based structural equation modelling technique to investigate the relationship between social context, online communication, interactivity, privacy and online consumer engagement. The study also assessed social gratification as a mediator in the relationship between online communication and online consumer engagement. Furthermore, the study evaluated technology gratification as a moderator of interaction effect in the relationship between online communication and online consumer engagement. The study results showed that the effect of social context was not significant. In contrast, online communication, interactivity and privacy’s effects on online consumer engagement were significant. The social gratification as a mediator and technology gratification as a moderator were significant towards online consumer engagement. This paper is pioneering in that it generates the effects of social presence theory factors and some intervening variables in the context of online consumer engagement in the emerging markets at the micro-level. This area is relevant to scholars, marketing and brand practitioners in digital consumer social behaviour.

The influence of status consumption and social media marketing strategies on consumers’ perceptions of green and CSR strategies: How the effects link to emotional attachment to restaurants

Due to the rise of environmental consciousness amongst consumers, this study explores how consumer perceptions of green and corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies influence consumers' emotional attachment resulting in their advocacy and willingness to pay premium prices (WTP) at green restaurants. The moderating roles of perceived seriousness of environmental problems (PSEP) and ascription of responsibility (AR) were examined between the effects of green and CSR strategies on emotional attachment. To have a better understanding of green consumption, this research further explores if social status and social media marketing have an effect on consumers’ perceptions of green strategies, which in turn influence how they perceive the image of eco-friendly restaurants. Therefore, two studies were designed to collect data, and covariance-based structural equation modelling was adopted for data analysis.Study 1 shows that green and CSR strategies lead to consumers' emotional attachment to restaurants, influencing their advocacy and WTP. Furthermore, PSEP and AR significantly moderate the effect of green strategies on consumers' emotional attachment. Study 2 shows that status consumption and social media strategies affect consumers' perceptions of green strategies at restaurants, which in turn, influence restaurant image. Uniqueness was tested as a moderating effect of social media on consumers’ perceptions of green strategies. The results suggest that consumers with high levels of uniqueness are more likely to be aware of eco-friendly strategies applied by restaurants than those with low levels. Our study contributes extensively to the literature by explaining the results through customer value, social identification, and signalling theories.

Emotional Intelligence as a Mediator between Parenting Style and Antisocial Behavior among Youth in Malaysia

Despite the relentless effort by the local government, educational institutions and the social community, antisocial behaviors are still rampant in society, with 65% of those involved in antisocial behavior being youth. The main objective of this study was to investigate the mediation effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between parenting style and antisocial behaviors among the youth in Malaysia. Parenting style was separated into three categories: permissive, authoritarian and authoritative. Emotional intelligence is the ability to manage and understand one own’s emotions as well as others’ emotions. Besides the parent–child relationship, emotional intelligence also plays an important role in the relationship between youth and antisocial behaviors, as multiple studies have found that youth with higher emotional intelligence are less likely to engage with antisocial behavior. A total of 400 young individuals (mean age 22.70 years) participated in this quantitative study by answering the Parental Authority Questionnaire; in addition, the Subtypes of Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire and the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale were employed. Pearson’s correlation coefficients, simple linear regression analysis, and covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) were used to analyze the data. The results indicate a negative association between permissive and authoritative parenting styles and antisocial behavior among youth, while authoritarian parenting displays a positive association with antisocial behavior. The results show that emotional intelligence acts as a significant full mediator of the relationship between the permissive parenting style and antisocial behavior in Malaysia. Thus, this study affirms the importance of instilling emotional intelligence in the youth and providing positive social sustainability development intervention programs that aim to reduce antisocial behaviors among the youth, especially for those with permissive parents.

Destination image, unforgettable traveling experience, and revisit intention: Viewpoint from tourists visiting cultural attraction

Bandung is recognized as a flower city because of its beauty. Besides, it provides several destinations for tourists. One is Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU), oriented to Sundanese culture. For the tourism business, the revisiting intention of tourists becomes valuable for its sustainability. Therefore, this study reveals the determinant of revisiting intent. According to previous research, they are a destination image and an unforgettable traveling experience. In other words, this study aims to check and analyze three effects. The first and second are the influence of destination image on revisiting intention and unforgettable traveling experience. The third is the impact of the memorable touring experience on this intention. Then, to achieve this purpose, it employs 169 domestic tourists visiting SAU as the sample and the covariance-based structural equation model with its feature to examine three hypotheses formulated. After investigating them, this study concludes destination image positively affects revisit intention and unforgettable traveling experience. Similarly, this positive sign exists for the relationship between this experience and intention.

Measuring situational factors in theory of attribution to consumer attitudes towards unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Ghana with special reference to Sunyani: a mediation and moderation analysis

Consumer attitudes towards the unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Ghana, particularly Sunyani, continue to be a challenge. The study is based on the attribution theory. A sample size of seven hundred and twenty-seven (727) was selected through convenience sampling. Data collected were analysed using the covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) technique with AMOS v24. The results revealed that three factors of task difficulty, luck and feelings under the situational factors were considered. Based on these three factors, two variables were found to be significantly related to the unlawful disposal of solid waste products, namely luck and feelings. The study also assessed media channel type as a mediator in the relationship between situational factors and unlawful disposal of solid waste products. Furthermore, the study evaluated consumer identity as a moderator of the interaction effect in the relationship between feelings and unlawful disposal of solid waste products. The media channel type as a mediator and consumer identity as a moderator were significant towards the unlawful disposal of solid waste products. This paper is pioneering, in that it generates the effects of using the theory of attribution and some intervening variables conceptualized in the context of solid waste product disposal towards unlawful disposal of solid waste products in Sunyani at the micro-level. This area is relevant to scholars, marketing-oriented firms and brand practitioners, who will be aided to lead the advocacy for the consumer solid waste product disposals starting from the point of sales in consumer buying behaviour.