Court Of Ukraine Research Articles

Тенденції реформування системи судоустрою України з часів незалежності і до сьогодення

Тенденції реформування системи судоустрою України з часів незалежності і до сьогодення

Переваги та недоліки скасування Конституційним Судом України статті про кримінальну відповідальність за незаконне збагачення (ст. 368-2 КК України)

У статті аналізується питання незаконного збагачення, що стало наслідком обговорення серед усіх кіл громадськості. Здійснюється дослідження передумов необхідності внесення змін до КК України, щодо існування статті про незаконне збагачення, що є вимогою Європейської спільноти та дій України щодо виходу на Європейський простір. Акцентується увага на понятті «корупції», як одного із ключових компонентів незаконного збагачення, що передбачене ст. 368 КК України. Здійснюється аналіз норм Рішення Конституційного Суду України від 26 лютого 2019 р. у Справі за конституційним поданням 59 народних депутатів України щодо відповідності Конституції України (конституційності) ст. 368-2 КК України. Робиться акцент на основних ключових моментах доцільності скасування статті про незаконне збагачення. Досліджується Окрема думка судді Конституційного Суду України Сліденка І.Д. стосовно Рішення Конституційного Суду України у справі за конституційним поданням 59 народних депутатів України щодо відповідності Конституції України (конституційності) ст. 368-2 КК України та Розбіжна думка судді Конституційного Суду України Головатого С. стосовно Рішення Конституційного Суду України у справі за конституційним поданням 59 народних депутатів України щодо відповідності Конституції України (конституційності) ст. 368-2 КК України. Виокремлюються основні аргументи, щодо недоцільності скасування статті про незаконне збагачення у КК України. Досліджуються основні переваги та недоліки скасування Конституційним Судом України статті про кримінальну відповідальність за незаконне збагачення (ст. 368-2 КК України), що викладаються у конструктивних висновках. Ключові слова: корупція, незаконне збагачення, презумпція невинуватості, Конституційний Суд України

Perspectives of improvement of the activity of the constitutional court of Ukraine in the conditions of modern social transformations

The article deals with the basic directions of activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine as a result of the implementation of the constitutional reform in Ukraine, amendments to the Basic Law, the adoption of a new law on the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, year 2017, The rules of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, year 2018, corresponding personnel changes, etc. The positive dynamics and efficiency of the body of constitutional jurisdiction in Ukraine is marked, especially in the context of the review of constitutional complaints, protection of the rights of man and of the citizen, which were violated, by legal norms. Despite some problems, the activity of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in General demonstrates the formation of the system of constitutional justice in the European model. It also emphasized that the issues of improvement of its legal status, improving the efficiency of operation and trust, are designed to be the center of attention of the relevant government institutions, scholars and the public European model.Attention is paid to achieve the main goals that stand today before the Constitutional Court of Ukraine: the development of technology activities the great Chamber, Senate, boards and services of each judge to ensure the timely, fair, effective cases, optimization of acceptance and consideration of constitutional complaint, the establishment of the Court as an integral part of the judicial system, the structural element of the judiciary, a body that provides specific direction of litigation and is one of the most public authorities.The necessary prerequisites to achieve these goals are the permanent analysis and generalization of their own practice of the Constitutional Court, the regular holding of scientific-theoretical and scientific-practical conferences, symposia, round tables with domestic and foreign leading scientists. The question of constitutional proceedings are being discussed, the extension of the proceedings in the Court's activities are information and communication technologies, taking into account the practice and implementation of the positions and decisions of International courts, etc.

Procedural Guaranteeing of Tenants Rights in Case of Land Use for Farming

The article is primarily aimed at the settlement of practical problematic aspects of realizing the procedural protection of the rights of the participants of leasehold land legal relationships.
 In order to protect the procedural rights of individuals during the settlement of land disputes, the author has analyzed legal scientific studies on the realization of the rights of land tenants, who, as ordinary citizens of Ukraine, concluded land rental agreements necessary for them to create and maintain farms. The author has studied the state of scientific doctrine and legal guarantees in the sphere of ensuring the protection of the rights of the participants of leasehold relationships, including procedural one. The main problems and shortcomings of the current legislation on procedural guaranteeing of the rights of tenants of land plots used for farming have been outlined.
 It has been emphasized that disputes on the termination of land rental agreements and sometimes the simultaneous collection of rent arrears initiated by the authorities in relation to individuals – the tenants as parties to the agreement have the special status within land disputes, whereas legal entities – farm enterprises actually use the land plots. These disputes are relevant and widespread in the practical field, but at the same time they are hardly protected by the doctrine and are imperfectly protected by the norms of the current legislation, which originates to significant violations of the rights of the participants of leasehold land legal relationships. Thus, starting from 2018, within the framework of the judicial reform and the creation of a new Supreme Court of Ukraine, a prudent legal position began to emerge regarding the need to appeal in these situations to commercial courts within the economic jurisdiction and to file claims against farm enterprises, which as legal entities are the defendant in the case, being the actual user.
 Taking into account the above, the author has studied the scientific environment within the aspect of solving the issue of procedural guaranteeing of the rights of the tenants of land plots that are actually used by farm enterprises for conducting this activity. The author has also made an attempt to study the current legislation, focusing on the problematic aspects and gaps that need to be addressed by improving legal regulation.

Принцип правової визначеності у рішеннях конституційних судів України та деяких сусідніх держав

Принцип правової визначеності у рішеннях конституційних судів України та деяких сусідніх держав

Peculiarities of the Renewal of Procedural Terms in Cases in Which Parties are Asylum Seekers

In this article analyzes the rights of refugees or persons who need of additional protection regarding the sustainability of family ties and family reunification in cases of recognition of asylum seekers and their family members by refugees or persons who need of additional protection by the State Migration Service of Ukraine and courts. Suggestions are made to improve the protection of rights of asylum seekers and their family members to reunite families and ensure the sustainability of family ties. The author also provides recent research on the legal status of refugees or persons who need of additional protection. The list and analysis of the main international and national normative legal acts in the sphere of securing the rights of asylum seekers and their family members for family reunification and ensuring the sustainability of family ties are presented. The judicial practice on cases of claims of asylum seekers in Ukraine to the State Migration Service of Ukraine for recognition as illegal and the cancellation of decisions refusing to recognize them as refugees or persons who need of additional protection are analyzed. The main problems are the observance of the rights of asylum seekers regarding the sustainability of family ties and the reunification of their families in Ukraine. In the article analyzes that the European Court of Human Rights has taken the position of prioritizing the sustainability of family ties and family reunification in cases of recognition of the asylum seeker and his or her family as refugees. The author gives an example of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights on the topic of this article. The author concludes that in order to solve the problems of ensuring the priority of the sustainability of family ties and reunification of the family in cases of recognition of the asylum seeker and his family as refugees, courts of Ukraine should apply the positive practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The article describes cases of restrictions on ensuring the sustainability of family ties and restrictions on the right of reunification of family of asylum seekers in Ukraine.

Crime In Ukraine: Consequences Of Emergencies And Catastrophes

Through quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effects of the phenomenon, the article focuses on the magnitude and social dangers of modern careless crime associated with emergencies and disasters. The emergence of the latter is becoming increasingly real in the face of unacceptable public policy, lack of effective controls, effective prevention mechanisms, inaction of control and oversight bodies and corrupt components in conducting inspections.
 The criminogenic dimension of socio-humanitarian and socio-economic losses of society is outlined: in the form of dead and injured persons, material losses, destroyed and damaged buildings and structures; the dynamics of emergencies was evaluated. It is argued that human resource reductions, physical harm to health, property and other losses are relevant to the development and implementation of effective state counteraction policies. The position was expressed on the urgent need to adopt a long-term concept of prevention (prevention) of offenses and approval of a plan of measures aimed at its implementation. The current level of lawmaking does not meet the requirements of systematic and interconnectedness in terms of adoption of regulatory acts by the legislative and executive branches of government.
 The enforcement level, as the level of implementation of the policy of combating negligent crime related to emergencies and catastrophes, does not explicitly take into account the danger of its consequences. On the basis of the analysis of the statistical information of judicial and law enforcement agencies (2014-2018), the status of pretrial investigation and trial of cases of individual crimes against public safety and security of production was determined. The ineffectiveness of the work of the bodies of the prosecutor’s office in the part of the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses envisaged by art. 270, 271-273, 275 of the Criminal Code ofUkraine was emphasized. The number of cases examined by the courts of Ukraine, as well as data on individuals whose life, health or material status were harmed, do not correspond to the actual state of negligent crime in the relevant sphere on a national scale.

Generaltheoretical research of combined legal subjectity

Combined legal subjectity is the genus of legal subjectity which subjects of law acquire as a result of legitimate filling of gaps in the structure and/or content of their legal subjectity by the relevant parts of the legal subjectity of other persons. According to the author, there are three groups of cases in which the subject of law is forced to attract an external legal-subjectity resource in order to supplement the potential of its own legal subjectity.The first group should include situations of complete absence or limited presence in the legal subjectity of a social actor of one or more of its structural elements, which are legal capacity, delictual capacity and active capacity. This kind of «combined legal subjectity» is referred to by the author as «structurally-directed» and the model for its shaping is defined as «substitution».Example: involving in the legal subjectity of minor children the active capacity and delictual capacity of their parents.The second group consists of cases, where the subject of law is fully capable, but for the realization of private interests of the subject and/or fulfillment of certain social functions it`s required the external addition to its subjectity resource. Such legal subjectity arises due to the combination of fragments of legal subjectity of several persons with non-identical legal status and occurs according to the model of «supplement». The author calls this kind as «functionally-directed». Example: using by buyers and sellers of securities of a legal subjectity of licensed securities traders.The third group consists of cases, when subjects of law attract an external legal subjectity resource in order to overcome mainly geographical, temporary and other actual barriers that make it difficult for them to independently implement their own legal subjectity. The model for shaping of this kind of «combined legal subjectity» is the «combining» and, properly speaking, it can be conventionally referred to as «practically-directed». Example: execution of mandates of foreign courts by Ukrainian courts as well as execution of mandates of Ukrainian courts by foreign courts

DETERMINING THE WARRANTIES OF THE JUDGE OF INDEPENDENCE TOWARDS THE LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Purpose: definition of guarantees of the independence of a judge, taking into account the legal position of the European Court of Human Rights. Methods of research: general scientific and special methods - epistemological, comparative-historical, sociological and hermeneutical. Results: a scientific approach was adopted to determine the essence of the guarantees of the independence of judges. The necessity of applying a system approach to determining the guarantees of independence of a judge, which follows from the understanding of the judge's independence and the relationship between the judiciary, the court and the judge, is substantiated. The classification of these guarantees is formed. Discussion: the problem of determining the system of guarantees of the independence of judges within the framework of constitutional and administrative law, modern issues regarding the guarantees of independence of judges in the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. The article is devoted to the definition of guarantees of independence of judges, taking into account the legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights. The necessity of providing a system of guarantees of the independence of a judge, which includes general and special guarantees, is proved. The constitutional and legal basis for the general guarantees of the independence of a judge is the constitutional formula for guaranteeing the independence and immunity of a judge by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, and the prohibition of any influence on a judge (ch. 1, 2 st. 126). Special guarantees of the independence of judges, based on the legal position of the ECHR, include material and procedural guarantees. The latter relates to the formation of a proper legal procedure for review and resolution of cases in the courts, the adoption of a justice decision. It is substantiated that the guarantees of independence of a judge should be indicated not in the elemental, but in the systemic meaning, that is, as a guarantee system. It is determined that the application of a system approach to determining the guarantees of independence of a judge derives from an understanding of the independence of the judge and the relationship between the judiciary, the court and the judge. It is proved that the system of guarantees of the independence of the judge constitutes general and special guarantees. The existence of general guarantees is due to the fact that the courts in Ukraine carry out exclusively courts. The existence of general guarantees is due to the fact that the courts in Ukraine carry out exclusively courts. Special guarantees of the independence of judges, based on the legal position of the ECHR, include material and procedural guarantees. Material special guarantees are related to the formation of the judiciary, the implementation of appropriate procedures.

Конфіскація поза межами кримінального переслідування (цивіль- на конфіскація): міжнародно-правовий аспект

Метою статті є розкриття окремих аспектів міжнародно-правового врегулювання конфіскації поза межами кримінального переслідування (цивільної конфіскації).
 Наукова новизна. У статті комплексно досліджено міжнародно-правове регулювання конфіскації поза межами кримінального переслідування. Окрему увагу приділено практиці Європейського Суду з прав людини, яка стосується цього типу конфіскації.
 Висновки. У контексті, з одного боку, визнання Конституційним Судом України норми кримінального закону про незаконне збагачення неконституційною, а з іншого, наявності в державі проблеми корупції як вкрай актуальної та болючої, пропонується активізувати пошуки нових шляхів удосконалення чинного антикорупційного законодавства з урахуванням найкращих міжнародних практик. Однією із таких є конфіскація поза межами кримінального переслідування, яка застосовується у багатьох державах, серед яких Велика Британія, Італія, США, Швейцарія та багато інших. Серед переваг такої конфіскації: можливість застосування без засудження особи за вчинення злочину, у тому числі стосовно майна, яке перебуває за кордоном, а також майна тих осіб, яких наділено імунітетом від кримінального переслідування. Вказана конфіскація відповідає положенням міжнародних договорів, згоду на обов’язковість яких надано Верховною Радою України, а також практиці Європейського суду з прав людини. Питання, пов’язані з інститутом конфіскації поза межами кримінального переслідування, потребують подальшого широкого наукового вивчення та дослідження насамперед на предмет імплементації в законодавство України.

The Law as a Drawbar, or Judicial Arbitrariness: Recidivism = Repetition of Crimes in the Framework of Circumstances Aggravating the Punishment

The author has studied the current problem in Ukrainian criminal law – the problem of the courts’ understanding of the general jurisdiction of the repetition of offences, as well as their recidivism in the framework of the circumstances aggravating criminal punishment. Attention at the beginning of the paper, has been paid to the importance of understanding the regulatory act as the main source of criminal law in Ukraine. It has been demonstrated that it is the regulatory act that should determine the rules, which should be obeyed by the judicial authorities of Ukraine. It has been emphasized that it is necessary to take into account the law while interpreting the prescriptions of normative acts by the national courts; it has been stressed that such interpretation should proceed from the definitions and formulations available, first of all, in the legislation. The author has emphasized on the importance of adhering to the rules and regulations, in the course of such interpretation, used in the law without such unreasonable extension or distortion of their content by relevant court decisions.
 Having analyzed the relevant Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, as well as the verdict of one of the Courts of Appeal of Ukraine, the author tries to prove that the aforementioned courts violated the limits of its interpretation in explaining the provisions of the criminal law on repetition of offences and recidivism, while unjustifiably giving the value of one criminal feature to another one. According to the author, these judicial authorities have formally taken the formulation of the content of the repetition of offences and recidivism, which are legally saturated in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine. Thus, they actually ignored the increased public risk of recidivism against the backdrop of the repetition of offences. The specificity of committing the offenses inherent to the recidivism is not taken into account, when a person has already a previous conviction for unlawful activity, as well as the fact that such crimes are usually characterized in terms of their consistency and randomness.
 On this basis, the author has substantiated the incorrectness (criminal injustice) of the approach recommended by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine to the application of the institutions of recidivism and the repetition of offences in deciding the issue of punishment. Proper arguments have been provided. Specific conclusions have been formulated.

He attitude of the prosecutor's office and the autocracy court to the activities of members of the Ukrainian political parties of the Dnieper in the early twentieth century.

The actions of the juridical branch of power of the autocracy in relation to the activity of oppositional political parties founded at the end of the 19-th – beginning of the 20-th centuries in Russian Empire and headed liberator and national-liberator movement in the country, which were aimed at cease of their political activity and occurred simultaneously with administrative repressions over political opponents of the existing system. After all, the law in force in the empire until October 1905 did not allow the existence and activity of any political parties in the country. In the conditions of the lawfulness proclaimed by tsarist (even with all its limitations), the authorities were forced to resort to court assistance. The accusatory verdict was the most severe punishment. According to the law of the country, the most important matters are cases of corruption (and the case of state-owned crime was political, against officials, for example, were the most serious crimes) were subject in essence only in district courts and chambers of court. Similar order was launched in 1864, during the course of the reformation, which entered three-stage court system. The courts of the first instance were district courts. There were twenty-eight district courts in Ukraine. The courts of the second instance were judicial chambers. In Ukraine, there were three of them –in Kyiv, Odessa and Kharkov. Here are just some examples. In 1901 the prosecutor of the Kyiv court chamber considered the case concerning the members of the secret organization «Kiev an revolutionaries independent» the carpenter E. Shcherbak and locksmith P. Petrov who were accused of distributing in Kyiv a brochure «How to keep yourself on interrogation», the magazine «Svoboda» and another illegal literature, noted in their working papers, and the court punished them for it. During the peasant riots in the Poltava and Kharkov regions in the spring of 1902, the Kharkov Chamber of Justice acted expeditiously, punishing the peasants for their participation in them. In July 1904, in Lipovets, in the Kyiv region, a peasant Dmitry Perebyinos found brochures «Uncle Dmitry», which he distributed among his fellow villagers. The Kiev an court chamber condemned D. Perebynos according to art. 130 of criminal code for two weeks imprisonment. During the First Russian Revolution, which began at this time, the judiciary in every way promoted the local administrative authorities in defining its properties of the committed «criminal acts» and punishing the perpetrators.

Адміністративно-правовий статус апеляційних судів в Україні: аналіз його елементів

У статті досліджується поняття адміністративно-правого статусу апеляційних судів України. Звертається увага на його структурні елементи. Визначається, що адміністративно-правовий статус апеляційних судів в Україні характеризується тим, що його основу складають його елементи. Серед основних елементів виділяються повноваження та функції апеляційних судів. Ключові слова: адміністративно-правовий статус, суд, елементи адміністративно-правого статусу, апеляція, апеляційний суд, відповідальність, функції, повноваження, принципи, гарантії.

Special Features of the Crime’s Subject Under the Article 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

On the basis of the analysis of criminal and legal literature, certain provisions of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and court practice of their application, the author has determined that the description of special features of the crime’s subject through the construction of “in connection with the performance of official duties” used by the legislator in the disposition of the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine indicates the identity of the subject to the category of officials. At the same time, taking into account the dualism of criminal and legal approaches to the definition of the term of “an official” in the descriptions of a victim and the crime’s subject, the author has emphasized on the application of the more narrow concept laid down in Part 3 of the Art. 18 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine dated from April 26, 2002 No. 5 “On judicial practice in cases of bribery”.
 As a result, the author has come to the conclusion that a special subject of the crime under the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine may be officers of the departments of the National Police of Ukraine, the State Investigation Bureau, the Security Service of Ukraine, the Foreign Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine, the Office of State Security, the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, the State Penal Service of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the President of Ukraine, officials of the President’s Administration of Ukraine, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, Supreme High Command General Headquarters of Ukraine, the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the General Staff of Armed Forces of Ukraine, the unions, military units and units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the State Special Transport Service, the State Service for Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regional, district, city and district in the cities, state administrations and local self-government agencies, as well as officials of enterprises, institutions and organizations that carry out state defense orders, conduct research and perform development in the defense area, etc.

Some issues of application of the Association Agreement as the source of copyright of Ukraine

The article covers the main aspects of the Association Agreement as a source of copyright and problems of its application.On the example of the practice of the Court of the European Union, the criteria on the basis of which the law of the EU can be applied directly and without the implementation in the domestic law were established.Based on the analysis of the rules of the current legislation of Ukraine, it was concluded that the Association Agreement is the part of the national legislation and is applied in the same manner as foreseen for the rules of the national legislation. In the context of copyright, the Agreement has primacy over domestic law provisions that contain rules other than those in the Agreement.Since Ukrainian courts do not refer to the authentic text of the international treaty in a foreign language but to its official translation, the article analyses the legislation in this regard. It is established that in the law of Ukraine there is no provision which obliges to use only the official translation of the international treaty and prohibits the use of the authentic text of the treaty in another language in which it was concluded. However, if the party of the case indicates that the translation of the text of the international treaty is inaccurate and will refer to the authentic text in a foreign language, the court will not take this into account. The article gives an example of such a case, where the claimant tried to draw the court’s attention to the English text of the Association Agreement but the court used the text of the official translation.There are some problems in the official translation of the text of the Association Agreement illustrated by two examples. In Part 2 of Art. 180 translators added the term «mathematical expression» which significantly influences the criteria for providing legal protection to computer programs while in the original text of the Agreement there is no such a term. In Art. 174 translators confused «right of making the work available to the public for the first time» and «right of communication to the public» and incorrectly translated the term «exhaustion of rights». As a result of these errors, a new content was formed which completely differs from the wording of this article in the authentic English text.Due to the fact that some errors found in the official translation of the text of the Agreement have a direct effect on the legal relationships in the field of copyright, this means that the same legal relationship in the EU and Ukraine is regulated differently by the same rule of the Agreement. It is concluded that the official translation of the Association Agreement needs to be amended as the accuracy of the translation is very important for the application of the Agreement.

Співпраця України та ОБСЄ у сфері захисту прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання

Метою статті є аналіз основоположних документів НБСЄ – ОБСЄ та їх вплив на вітчизняне законодавство у сфері свободи совісті і віросповідання, а також співпраця нашої держави й ОБСЄ щодо захисту свободи совісті і релігійних прав людини та громадянина.
 Наукова новизна полягає в аналізі нормативної бази співпраці України й ОБСЄ щодо захисту прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання, відповідності національного законодавства нашої держави принципам і рекомендаціям ОБСЄ щодо захисту прав віруючих, а також реалізації двосторонніх проектів, які забезпечують демократичні перетворення у нашій державі.
 Висновки. Україна тісно співпрацює з ОБСЄ у сфері захисту прав людини і громадянина, у тому числі у сфері свободи совісті і віросповідання. Більша частина відповідних рекомендацій ОБСЄ імплементована в національне законодавство, розробляються нові законодавчі зміни, покликані врахувати рекомендації ОБСЄ щодо забезпечення прав віруючих і релігійних громад. Правовою основою двосторонньої співпраці додатково виступають Меморандум про взаєморозуміння між Урядом України й Організацією з безпеки і співробітництва в Європі (ОБСЄ) щодо створення нової форми співробітництва від 13 липня 1999 р., а також меморандуми про: взаєморозуміння між Міністерством внутрішніх справ України та Бюро з демократичних інститутів і прав людини ОБСЄ (БДІПЛ) від 5 липня 2012 р., співробітництво між Конституційним Судом України та Координатором проектів ОБСЄ в Україні від 16 липня 2014 р., співробітництво між Верховним Судом України та Координатором проектів ОБСЄ в Україні від 24 липня 2014 р. Ці правові акти стали основою для реалізації у 2015 – 2016 рр. проекту ОБСЄ/БДІПЛ «Зміцнення безпеки релігійних громад та інших груп в Україні». Активну діяльність провадять Координатор проектів ОБСЄ в Україні та Спеціальна моніторингова місія ОБСЄ в Україні, які співпрацюють з Уповноваженим Верховної Ради з прав людини. Завдяки такій інтенсивній співпраці ОБСЄ й України удосконалюється не лише національне законодавство у сфері захисту прав людини на свободу совісті і віросповідання, а й судова практика, що є гарантією демократичних перетворень у нашій державі

How they joined? Militants and informers in the armed conflict in Donbas

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of recruitment strategies is crucial for sustainability of any insurgent campaign. This paper identifies eight mechanisms used to encourage overt and covert participation in the armed conflict in Donbas and shows that they varied depending on the type of service expected from a recruit. It relies on the original dataset compiled from studying 798 court cases of insurgents and informers convicted in Ukrainian courts in the period from October 2014 to March 2017. The paper finds that militants were more responsive to contractual or hierarchical mechanisms of recruitment, while informers who provided cover support were more likely to join through ideological appeals or activation of prior social ties.

Формалізація та алгоритмізація як шляхи забезпечення правильного застосування практики Європейського суду з прав людини

Referring to the Supreme Court of Ukraine Grand Chamber’s jurisprudence in administrative cases the author suggests that domestic courts of Ukraine systematically apply the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the European Court of Human Rights case-law in manner which is non-uniform, unmotivated, irrelevant and erroneous in essence, which is incompatible with the rule of law dictating clear, foreseeable, and adequately accessible national law to enable individuals to act in accordance with the law. In particular, the author exemplifies the foregoing with Supreme Court of Ukraine Grand Chamber’s judgments, in which European Court of Human Rights case-law was applied: in cases concerning solely the two public administration bodies; in cases with no legal connection with any conventional human right and fundamental freedom; without any meaningful attempt to articulate conclusions or guidelines relating to specific way to use provisions of Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the European Court of Human Rights case-law in context of a particular case or in abstract and as well manner, in which that is to be used by domestic courts in further cases. With a view to prevent such occurrences the author maintains that there is a pressing need to formalize and algorithmize ways of application of these sources of law. There are some best practices to serve as a starting point for these rules such as the approach of Ukrainian courts to initially consider the case bearing in mind national statutes and other legislation and, subsequently, assess whether the way to solve the case determined by national law aligns with Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the European Court of Human Rights case-law.

Interpretation and implementation of European standards of human rights and fundamental freedoms protection in Ukrainian court practice: Problems and Prospects

The Research shows that an essential but complicated question rises when it comes to the implementation of European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) practice in Ukrainian courts. Problems that hinder national courts’ effective operation while implementing legal principles of the European court indicate that the Supreme Court of Ukraine must elaborate conceptual approaches and methods to ensure European standards in Ukrainian courts. Also to develop recommendations on an adequate and equal application of the Convention norms and Euro-pean Court of Human Rights practice when administering justice.

Актуальність створення військових судів в Україні: огляд результатів дослідження

Актуальність створення військових судів в Україні: огляд результатів дослідження