Honorable Court Research Articles

Lawyer, Littérateur, and Legislator: On Gronemann’s Profession, Self-Perception and Place in Scholarship

Abstract The essay explores the multifaceted career of Sammy Gronemann, emphasizing his overlooked role as a lawyer within the context of his better-known identities as a Zionist and a man of letters. Gronemann’s professional life, particularly his work as a lawyer and judge, is examined in detail, shedding light on his significant contributions to Zionist legal institutions such as the Court of Honor. The paper highlights the evolving trends in scholarly research on Gronemann, which primarily focuses on his literary achievements while neglecting his legal career. Through Gronemann’s own writings and historical documents, the paper delves into his self-perception, revealing a complex interplay between his identities as a lawyer and a writer. Ultimately, it argues that Gronemann’s passion and success spanned across his various roles, challenging conventional categorizations and underscoring the interconnectedness of his legal, literary, and Zionist endeavors.

MORAL AND ETHICAL COMPONENT OF SCIENCE IN TIMES OF WAR

MORAL AND ETHICAL COMPONENT OF SCIENCE IN TIMES OF WAR

Ethnic Clashes in Manipur: Conflict against Subaltern Subjugation

The Manipur is now in a hotbed of violent ethnic clashes between Meiteis and Kukis. The ethnic clashes begun after the verdict given by Manipur High Court. The honorable court urged the state government to recommend the proposal to the Union Ministry to consider the ST tag to the Meiteis. The All Tribal Student Union Manipur (ATSUM) organized the ‘Tribal Solidarity March’ on 3rd May to protest against the High Court verdict. Demographically the Meiteis are the majority with 53% population but not considered as native inhabitants. Therefore, they constantly demanded the Schedule Tribe status. But the other tribal communities opposed the inclusion of the Meiteis as tribal or ST status. The state government role was not active to control of the situation.

Deconsecration: Symbolic Sanctions, “Courts of Honour,” and the Cleansing of Denmark’s Who’s Who After the German Occupation, 1940–1945

How may elites experience a symbolic fall from grace? Elite scholarship has typically described how symbolic structures contribute to consecrate and reinforce existing power relations. Processes of deconsecration are, however, less well described. Deconsecration as a social process is distinct from déclassement, as well as from cultural or juridical processes of exclusion. It is the loss of the very status as “elite.” We address the question of deconsecration through a historical case study of the exclusion of elite groups from the Danish Who’s Who and professional bodies in the wake of the liberation after the German occupation of Denmark 1940–1945.

Due Reparation. Honour Disputes in Biomedical Sciences in Buenos Aires, 1870–1940

Summary This manuscript focuses on the incidents, trials at courts of honour and duels involving important figures at the University of Buenos Aires School of Medical Sciences, which ruptured the peaceful surface of this institution in order to protect epistemic practices and settings. The existence in itself of the honour culture in the Buenos Aires aristocratic elite is, perhaps, as curious as its use by distinguished local doctors with the purpose of resolving disputes caused by clashing interests—which were related to their profession and experimental work. The conflicts discussed here shed light on a classic issue in the social history of science, technology and medicine: the collective bargaining of credibility in matters personal, professional and research-related.

A LOOK AT THE UNCONSTITUTIONAL STATE OF AFFAIRS RECOGNIZED BY THE SUPREME COURT OF BRAZIL

Approaching factors of multiple orders and touching the national Penitentiary and Prison System is to seek to understand the roots and constraints of the formal and legal structure assumed by penal establishments that, today, are recognized as an “Unconstitutional State of Things” due to decision, in 2020, in the Argument of Non-compliance with Fundamental Precept n. 347 at the Honorable Court of the Federative Republic of Brazil. First of all, here we have bibliographical research (supported by literature of political and legal classics, eg, Immanuel Kant, Norberto Bobbio), documental ( vg Constitutions of 1824 and 1988, angular and underlyingly supported) and jurisprudential (Arguição de Descumprimento of Fundamental Precept - ADPF n. 347 sustained in a jusphilosophical construct), with a qualitative and interdisciplinary focus, on the recognition of the "Unconstitutional State of Things" to fall on the Prison System in Brazil with a view to critically and reflexively understanding the prison environment and the vectors that affirm the “state of affairs”.

“Worth More Than Life Itself”: Military Honour and the Birth of Its Courts in Spain (1810–1870)

ABSTRACT This article deals with military honour in nineteenth-century Spain, after first examining how the meaning of this term evolved from the revolutionary Napoleonic wars onwards. This highly important moral value was learnt from the moment someone joined the army, and even before then, through education and common public military demonstrations. It related to individual behaviour, while also maintaining a high collective and corporative aspect, and it varied depending on gender or class and on the identity of the social group. It was part of the political thought of most relevant Spanish generals, and consequently it influenced the political dynamics of Spain. The Court of Honour, an institution in Spain that was not regulated until 1811, controlled honour compliance. The last section of this article focuses on how and why these institutions were born and explains their early legislative evolution. Spanish political and military development are inevitably bound together to the extent that an understanding of the nature of honour and its effects on the army and civilian ethics provides us with a deep socio-political and ethical analysis of the country during the nineteenth century.

PRINCIPLES, METHODS, FORMS AND TYPES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF STUDENT SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE UNIVERSITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURIES

In the process of scientific research, it was found that the following bodies of student self-government were active during the studied period: Stage I (1804–1863) – student economic organizations, scientific societies, society of lovers of domestic literature, Bible society, literary circles, public intellectual circles, Slavophile circles, student theater, Kharkiv-Kyiv secret society, social court (court of honor), student libraries and reading rooms, private libraries, Lithuanian Corporation of Kyiv University, mutual aid funds, communes; Stage ІІ (1863–1884) – mutual aid societies, compatriots, student canteens, mutual aid funds, educational circles and public educational organizations, self-education circles, libraries, self-education circles; Stage ІІІ (1884–1900) – fellowships, library associations, cash registers and mutual aid societies, scientific circles, student canteens, Union Councils, Kharkiv Union Council of United Organizations and Fellowships, Ukrainian Student Community, Union Council of United Fellowships and Organizations, and the Executive Committee of the Imperial Novorossiysk University; Stage IV (1900–1917) – elders, student military wives, canteens, professional unions, cash registers and mutual aid societies, student shops, scholarship commissions, social courts, fellows, scientific circles, student senate, Council of Student Deputies of Kharkiv Imperial University.
 The principles of student self-government (democracy, legality, openness, equality, accountability, responsibility, etc.) are highlighted; methods (communication, introspection, conversation, discussion, the example of an older person, self-control, etc.); forms (associations, communes, communities, mutual aid funds, circles, library associations, partnership courts, etc.); types (general meetings, congresses, gatherings, gatherings, classes, meetings, etc.).
 Students (the “eternal students” certainly played a special role in it) by combining the traditions and customs of their educational institution, created rules of behavior in the student environment, which were strictly followed, appealed to these rules at student courts of honor. These rules were called “codes of honor”. They were never rigidly fixed and were mostly fixed conventionally. They included a list of the so-called “natural rights of a student”. They are: the right to be called a student and wear a student uniform (the main feature of corporate style); the right to inviolability and impunity; recognition of guilt and punishment for it belonged to the competence of the court of honor only (“presumption of innocence”); the right to board; the right to corporate assistance; the right to create student organizations.

Recording and admissibility of dying declaration

The declaration given by either a complainant detailing exact cause of its demise or all of the circumstances that led to the death of the declarant. if somehow the confession is corroborated beyond a reasonable doubt and in the way legally , it is the only foundation for prosecution. this should instill complete trust in its veracity and correctness. the failure to include the deathbed declaration could result in an acquittal Because the witness is often the sole person present there at the moment of the major, and removing testimony would leave the court without any proof. the honorable court must guarantee that now the declarants dying testimony this completely valuable, and the Court must rely on it. This is attributed to the fact that the declarant who made the deathbed declarant would be no longer operational to be cross-examined. This article aims to explain the notion of recording of deathbed Declaration, as well as the method, method of recording, admissibility and other aspects related to it. The article also concentrates solely on the recording of a dying statement, as well as the way in it is being recorded.

Dead Children, Resilience, and Diversity

Dead Children, Resilience, and Diversity

Zatarg honorowy pomiędzy gen. Władysławem Bortnowskim a byłym wojewodą pomorskim Stefanem Kirtiklisem z lat 1937–1938

The Starost's trials of 1936–1937 were widely commented on both in the national, and in the regional press. It often happened that the testimonies of the witnesses revealed the backstage of the political activities of some of the prominent politicians. By referring to those submitted by the former Pomeranian Voivode S. Kirtiklis, Gen. W. Bortnowski caused an honorable dispute, which was tried to be resolved according to the Boziewicz Code, as well as in front of the Court of Honor for Generals. An article describing the background of this honorable dispute and its course, with a particular emphasis on the legal provisions.

2. Les Juifs de Pologne et les tribunaux d’honneur

“I am ready to make the journey,” wrote Henryk Z. in 1948 in a letter to the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. Having left Poland after the Kielce pogrom, Henryk Z. was in the process of rebuilding his life as a DP in Stuttgart and awaiting further emigration approval. Nevertheless, he was volunteering to return to Poland to testify against a fellow Jewish survivor, a member of the Radom Judenrat, whom he accused of sending his wife to her death. Postwar files of both Polish state courts and Jewish tribunals, including the Civic Court by the Central Committee of Jews in Poland, the Central Court and Rehabilitation Commission in Munich, provisory tribunals in small DP camps, as well as ad hoc religious tribunals, courts by political organizations, and judging panels set up in local Jewish committees and Landsmanchaften are filled with such documents. This evidence shows that, to find peace by pursuing justice (and revenge) against those accused of sabotaging their own community, people were ready to cross the Iron Curtain, and despite all the hardships it entailed, return to places from which they had both physically and emotionally only recently escaped. My article will discuss how in the immediate post-war period, Polish Jews (witnesses, defendants, and court audiences) as well as their stories and documents crossed borders between the East and West and how this transnational dynamic impacted the practice of both Jewish honor courts and Polish state courts and shaped communal stories of suffering in the Holocaust.

Retribution against Collaborators of the Occupiers after the End of the Second World War: The Concept of "National Honour"

Courts of national honour were established in some European countries after the end of the Second World War. These were special courts which assisted in the process of "cleansing" or the process of post-war retribution against collaborators of the occupiers. Such courts were known in the Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia and all Yugoslav nations. The author presents the criminal procedures for acts against national honour in Czechoslovakia, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia, where the sentences caused long-term consequences. The courts of national honour assumed the role of revolutionary courts and through their operation contributed to the final seizure and consolidation of the Communist Party's power. They participated in the process of changing the socio-economic structure of the state. Trials before the courts were rapid and short. The charges were often a consequence of revenge or the personal interests of complainants. Trials before the courts of national honour violated one of the fundamental legal principles – nullum crimen sine lege: acts (the collaboration with the occupier) tried by the courts of national honour were not considered crimes at the time that they were committed.

„Bildhauer in Stuttgart, sonsten aber aus Prag.“ Ondřej Filip Quitainer jako člen družiny pražských umělců v Ludwigsburgu v letech 1709–1714

Prague sculptor Andreas Philipp Filip Quitteiner (1679–1729) has not been thoroughly examined to date, including his works in the ducal residence of Ludwigsburg. The paper outlines the circumstances of the sculptor’s departure to Ludwigsburg against the background of a recruiting trip undertaken by architect Johann Friedrich Nette (c. 1672–1714) to Prague in October 1708. The author poses the question of the extent to which Quitteiner’s engagement reflected his position in contemporary Prague sculpture and divides Quitteiner’s work in Ludwigsburg into two periods with a turning point occurring in September 1712, when the artist lost his privileged position. In five subchapters, the author focuses attention on the main sets of the sculptor’s works: garden sculpture, allegorical sculptures of Caritas and Prudentia from the vestibule of the Ordensbau palace wing, decoration of the Fürstenbau main palace building, statues on the balustrade of the court of honour, decoration of the ceremonial staircase in the Riesenbau wing. By analysing the extant works, the author arrives at findings on the sculptor’s sources of inspiration and models. The examined works are also analysed from an iconographic perspective and placed in the context of the ruling representation of Duke Eberhard Ludwig Württemberg (1676–1733).

Rumkowski’s Scapegoat? The Case of Łódź Ghetto Functionary Maks Szczęśliwy at a Rabbinic/Honor Court in Helsinki, 1949–1953

Abstract This article analyzes the honor court trial of Maks Szczęśliwy, former head of the Łódź ghetto Provisioning Department and one of Chaim Rumkowski’s closest associates, accused of “crimes against humanity.” In order to determine whether Szczęśliwy could be accepted as its member, the Jewish Community of Helsinki established a tribunal under rabbinical authority. The tribunal contacted Jewish institutions for assistance and advice in Sweden, Poland, Great Britain, and Israel, and ultimately took the case to the Rabbinic High Court of Israel. The author investigates how shifting attitudes among the transnational survivor community towards former members of Jewish councils and other alleged collaborators shaped the final outcome of the case.

Wilhelm Filchner – hierarchy and insufficient leadership on the Second German Antarctic Expedition

Abstract. The Second German Antarctic Expedition (1911–1912) did not have a good start, because Wilhelm Filchner (1877–1957) failed to secure his position as expedition leader. His problems began long before the expedition set sail: he had the support neither of the scientists and officers on board nor of the scientific community in Germany. The enforced choice of the captain, who suffered from syphilis, brought the expedition to the brink of collapsing. In addition, the rivalry between the groups on board the Deutschland, and the usual challenging circumstances any expedition confronts in these regions, led to mutiny at the end of their time in Grytviken, South Georgia. Upon the expedition's return to Germany, “courts of honour” took place to adjudicate on the mutual accusations. This article reviews some of the reasons why this expedition was disaster-prone. The article is based on research from my PhD thesis (Rack, 2010).

A Becsületbíróság működésének helye és szerepe a fegyelemkezelés rendszerében

The study presents the tasks and the system of the Court of Honor, which has been introduced at law enforcement agencies since 2016, and the authors - based on their personal professional experiences - evaluate the first five years’ operation of the legal institution.

"Legality" of the Legal Order in Postwar Serbia From 1944 to 1946: Organization and Work of the Judiciary

The judiciary in Serbia is heir to a long tradition of political influence, which was particularly visible during the communist regime after World War II. Violations of the presumption of innocence, retroactive sentencing and a denial of basic human rights are just some of the features of the work of the postwar “judiciary” in Serbia, between 1944 and 1946. This paper analyzes the implications of revolutionary legislative activity, the structure and organization of the Military Court and the Court of Honor, and examines to what extent the dominant political culture, implemented through the state coercive apparatus, influenced judicial adjudication. The paper elaborates on Radbruch’s idea of “statutory lawlessness”, Fuller’s notion of “procedural natural law” and “internal morality of law” and argues that the postwar law of communist Serbia did not exercise formal and procedural justice, and cannot be called a legal system in the full sense of the word.

The section of physician everyday life at the Pirogov Congresses. Report II. The problems of revision of the medical sanitary legislation

The section of physician everyday life of the Pirogov congresses discussed not only issues related to economic and legal status of physicians. At its sessions, the need for reforming medical and sanitary legislation and expediency of organization of independent Ministry of health care were considered. Also, various ethical problems of medical activity were brought up (responsibility for non-attendance of patient, court of honor, medical secrecy). The loaded social issues such as abolition of abbacinaire and the death penalty were raised.

Pułkownik Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński i jego sprawy honorowe w 1923 r.

At the turn of 1922 and 1923 there were two incidents of honour that involved Colonel Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński. First, he committed an insult against police officers in Cracow, and later – while already on duty in the capital – he got into a dispute over a council flat with another officer of the Polish Army. This article, based on unpublished archival materials, presents both these cases, which became the subject of proceedings before the officers’ court of honour.