Course Of History Research Articles

Teacher candidates as student partners in decoding the disciplines research

This study examines the role of secondary teacher candidates as student partners in research into undergraduate students’ historical cognition while contextualizing documents. It highlights the unique role of teacher candidates as near-peer interviewers and change agents within higher education and secondary curricula. Through using decoding the disciplines methodology to solicit student voice in near-peer interviews, teacher candidates identified areas for curricular change in teaching contextualization in university history courses. The involvement of teacher candidates extended beyond the university classroom and informed their future work in secondary education. Decoding experiences in university courses provided teacher candidates with insights into supporting secondary pupils’ abilities to contextualize historical sources. This research demonstrates the potential of teacher candidates as near-peer interviewers and curricular change agents in secondary and higher education. Collaborative partnerships between teacher candidates and faculty can lead to meaningful curricular changes and effective teaching practices in higher education and secondary education contexts.

Novel PHOTOPERIOD-1 gene variants associate with yield-related and root-angle traits in European bread wheat

Key messagePHOTOPERIOD-1 homoeologous gene copies play a pivotal role in regulation of flowering time in wheat. Here, we show that their influence also extends to spike and shoot architecture and even impacts root development.The sequence diversity of three homoeologous copies of the PHOTOPERIOD-1 gene in European winter wheat was analyzed by Oxford Nanopore amplicon-based multiplex sequencing and molecular markers in a panel of 194 cultivars representing breeding progress over the past 5 decades. A strong, consistent association with an average 8% increase in grain yield was observed for the PpdA1-Hap1 haplotype across multiple environments. This haplotype was found to be linked in 51% of cultivars to the 2NS/2AS translocation, originally introduced from Aegilops ventricosa, which leads to an overestimation of its effect. However, even in cultivars without the 2NS/2AS translocation, PpdA1-Hap1 was significantly associated with increased grain yield, kernel per spike and kernel per m2 under optimal growth conditions, conferring a 4% yield advantage compared to haplotype PpdA1-Hap4. In contrast to Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1, the Ppd-A1 gene exhibits novel structural variations and a high number of SNPs, highlighting the evolutionary changes that have occurred in this region over the course of wheat breeding history. Additionally, cultivars carrying the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele not only exhibit earlier heading, but also deeper roots compared to those with photoperiod-sensitive alleles under German conditions. PCR and KASP assays have been developed that can be effectively employed in marker-assisted breeding programs to introduce these favorable haplotypes.

The Entropics of Discourse: the Nihilistic Teleology of Philipp Mainländer

Abstract This article examines the teleological historical system of Philipp Mainländer, an under-researched 19th-century German philosopher in the Schopenhauerian tradition. From both theogonical and physical arguments, Mainländer endorses a theory of general entropy, whereby the sum of forces in the universe gradually expends itself to the point of annihilation. Consistent with this, Mainländer presents the course of history as the movement of individuals both politically and spiritually towards a paradoxical “willed will-lessness” in terms of a Socialist state and spiritual heaven.

The Exhibition as Assessment: Design Research in Architectural History

This paper presents the experience of facilitating an operative architectural history course for undergraduate students at Griffith University, Australia. The exhibition is the mode through which students are assessed and where students engage with the critical act of re-interpretation through the creation of artifacts that solve an original research question. The paper explores the potential of expanding architectural history to include new modes of design research, challenging traditional inquiry methods, and creating new opportunities for practice and research. Ultimately, the paper underscores the value of using the exhibition as a tool to revitalize architectural history for emerging design professionals.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFECT OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE AND DEXAMETHASONE AS AN ADJUVANT TO 0.2% ROPIVACAINE FOR ULTRASOUND GUIDED TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS PLANE BLOCK FOR INFRAUMBILICAL SURGERIES

Background: The relief of pain and suffering is, and always has been, one of the primary concerns of mankind and one of the prime factors that has influenced the course of history of medicine. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anaesthetic technique which blocks the abdominal neural afferents by introducing local anaesthetic into the neuro-fascial plane between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscle. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone as an adjuvant to 0.2%ropivacaine in ultrasound guided transverses abdominis plane block in infra umbilical surgeries in terms of, 1. Time to initial postoperative pain. 2. Time to initial rescue analgesia. 3. Quality of block.. 4. Total postop analgesic consumption. 5. Patient satisfaction with regard to pain relief. 6. Post-operative nausea and vomiting. Materials And Methods: We included 80 patients of age between 18-60 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists status (ASA)I and II scheduled for elective infraumbilical surgeries in our study. We randomly allotted these patients into two groups namely Group A and Group B of each. Patients in Group APatients who received transversus abdominis plane block with - 18ml Ropivacaine 0.2%+ 2 ml Dexamethasone 8mg. Patients in Group B received transversus abdominis plane block with-18ml Ropivacaine 0.2%+ 2 ml Dexmedetomidine .This TAP block was given soon after the surgery is completed. The duration of block and regression of sensory block, time for rescue analgesia, degree of sedation, hemodynamic parameters, post operative analgesia and adverse effects were noted. Result: The two groups were comparable on the basis of duration of surgery, site of surgery, ASA and BMI. Heart rates and mean arterial pressure were compared and it was found to be significantly lower in group B compared to group A until initial 5 hours. In our study we found that the visual analogue score at rest and on coughing between groups A and B was statistically insignificant. However, the time to first rescue analgesia (330 mins vs 240 mins) and total analgsic consumption in the 24 hours period post operatively was significantly lesser for group A compared to group B. Ramsey sedation score was significantly higher in group B compared to group A until 8 hourspost operatively. Nausea and vomiting in 3 cases of group A , and 2 cases in group B. No other significant side effects were noted. Conclusion: USG-guided TAP block is an effective and safe adjunct for postoperative analgesia in infra umblical surgeries. Addition of dexamethasone as an adjuvant prolongs the duration and reduces post-operative analgesic requirement in patients significantly more than dexmedetomidine whereas dexamethasone provides better control of the heart rate and mean arterial pressure.

A Comparative Exploration of Gender Representations in Persian Sufi Literature and Modern Literary Works

The research examines how gender is depicted in Sufi and modern Persian literature, exploring the complex factors that influence the representation of gender roles and identities throughout different historical periods. The study meticulously reviews these literary genres to identify the many perspectives on gender, acknowledging that each genre provides a distinct viewpoint through which societal values are conveyed. The investigation delves into not just literary aesthetics but also the cultural and historical conditions that have shaped the development of gender norms. This study examines how Sufi and modern Persian literature, which are deeply influenced by their specific time periods and cultural contexts, mirror and distort social perspectives on gender. Through the analysis of the progression of these depictions over time, the study sheds light on the profound transformation of gender norms and identities throughout the course of Iranian history. This inquiry enhances our comprehension of the complex relationship between literature, culture, and gender dynamics, providing significant insights into how literary works reflect and influence society's perspectives. The results of this study not only enhance academic discussions on Persian literature but also offer a subtle perspective to analyze the wider cultural weave of Iran.

Applying a Big History Analogy to Facilitate Information Sharing

Using analogies we generalize Tyler Volk’s combogenesis concept. A pedagogical application is a narrative that allows us to include some milestones of mathematics and physics in Big History courses. Applying the concept to books and book collections we suggest a philanthropic idea. This simple and potentially powerful application mixes low and high technology: using online bookstores, we propose the reproduction of personal book and video collections in public libraries. We give an example, at Simón Bolívar University in Venezuela, where this has already happened. We finish by proposing to use this idea to create a Big History book and video collection that could be donated to educational institutions around the world where a Big History course could be taught remotely.

The effect of an educational video game on high school students’ motivation, self-efficacy and knowledge in a History course

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of an educational video game on high school students’ motivation, self-efficacy and knowledge. The game tells the story of Mariano Melgar, a Peruvian thinker, patriot and hero. The authors used a quasi-experimental design and conducted pre- and post-tests to estimate the effect of the video game. The sample consisted of 67 students from two schools in Lima. The students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: playing a video game or watching a documentary. Results show that playing the video game was more effective in increasing students’ knowledge, whereas watching a documentary increased demotivation and decreased self-efficacy through vicarious experience. In view of this, it is important to explore further video games’ usefulness as educational materials.

Anthropological foundations of worker oppression

This article makes an attempt to consider the course of world history from an anthropological perspective. According to the author, the natural essence of individuals in our population is a determining factor that predetermines the emergence of various trends and specific events in social life. However, the evolutionary development of culture, the change in the psyche of the individuals formed by it, gives hope for the transformation of the social structure, the elimination of oppression and exploitation of man by man in the future.

A Life Uprooted: A Dalit Refugee Remembers. A Tale of Loss and Rehabilitation

Translation not only connects writers to new readers but also shapes and alters the course of literary history across caste, class and gender boundaries. Translating Dalit writing entails personal and political ramifications. It comes with a set of conflicts - dealing with one’s limitations and restrictions that is the result of a particular kind of upbringing, of one’s caste-based subjectivities and of a carefully constructed cosmopolitan identity that translators translating into English are usually embedded in. The translators are expected to display a deep understanding of their position as translators and the responsibilities they own up to by making an unmistakably political choice. First and foremost a reader, they engage at a visceral level with the narrative of pain and oppression. According to Rita Kothari, translation is one of the many consolidations that show a Dalit subject as an active participant in Indian democracy. The concerns about the authenticity of English as the target language should best be sidestepped as “its ideological potential to "translate" the Dalit life from fatalism to an identity of rights outweighs considerations of its distance from

Reconstruction of Single-Bay Buddhist Architecture Based on Stylistic Comparisons in Northeast Fujian, the Core Hinterland of the Changxi River Basin—Using Gonghoulong Temple as an Example

In the Changxi River Basin in eastern Fujian, a few stone elements remain and Buddhist buildings with one bay in width and three bays in depth have been preserved dating from the timespan of the Tang to the Song dynasty. These features are characterized by a regional form of early Buddhist architecture seldom seen in Chinese history. The article focuses on the reconstruction of a Song dynasty Buddhist building at the Gonghoulou Temple site in Huotong Town, Jiaocheng District, Ningde City, and aims to analyze the potential characteristics and rules of single-bay Buddhist architecture. From the styles of the remaining stone columns, the direction of the lotus carving at the column base, and the mortises of the plinth stone, a spatial arrangement is indicated that includes an open front corridor and a closed rear section. A “reconstruction” of the ruler used in the original building reveals the possibility that a local Fujian ruler was used, shorter than the standard measurement device employed elsewhere. The analysis of the frame construction indicates that this hip-gable roof-covered Buddhist hall utilizes the horizontally layered logic of multi-storied palatial-style halls. Key elements include its gentle roof slope, restraint from the practice of shortening the roof ridge, use of the traditional chuji method, and the interior columns use of internal longitudinal architraves secured to beam supporting brackets. This research brings to light a unique architectural type that has disappeared in the course of history and was previously unknown to the academic community. It holds significant importance and value for deepening the understanding of the history of timber frame architecture technology in Fujian.

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham

The paper examines the Battle of the Plains of Abraham (1759), analyzing the opposing armies and how General James Wolfe's strategy changed to achieve a decisive victory. Despite earlier setbacks, a profound understanding of his enemy's strategies enabled Wolfe's masterful execution on September 13, 1759, changing the course of history. The importance and significance of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham cannot be understated. It marked the beginning of British control over Quebec and the end of French dominance in North America.

Analyzing the changing trend of corneal biomechanical properties under different influencing factors in T2DM patients

To analyze the changing trend of CH and CRF values under different influencing factors in T2DM patients. A total of 650 patients with T2DM were included. We discovered that the course of T2DM, smoking history, BMI, and FBG, DR, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were common risk factors for T2DM, while HDL-C levels were a protective factor. Analyzing the CH and CRF values according to the course of diabetes, we discovered that as T2DM continued to persist, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. Moreover, with the increase in FBG levels and the accumulation of HbA1c, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. In addition, in patients with HbA1c (%) > 12, the values of CH and CRF decreased the most, falling by 1.85 ± 0.33 mmHg and 1.28 ± 0.69 mmHg, respectively. Compared with the non-DR group, the CH and CRF values gradually decreased in the mild-NPDR, moderate-NPDR, severe-NPDR and PDR groups, with the lowest CH and CRF values in the PDR group. In patients with T2DM, early measurement of corneal biomechanical properties to evaluate the change trend of CH and CRF values in different situations will help to identify and prevent diabetic keratopathy in a timely manner.

The aesthetic component of the revolution in the context of the aesthetics of history

The author of the article raises the question of the aesthetic content of the real historical process. The article examines history as a dramatic space of human development, as a locus and topos of the manifestation of his creative abilities, as a process that can be studied and described in the categories of classical aesthetics. According to the author, the objective course of history itself has aesthetic characteristics, which makes it possible to use the concepts and categories of aesthetics in the study of historical events. The source of the aesthetic fullness of a historical event is the creative nature of human activity in general, the revolutionary impulse, heroic enthusiasm and creative potential of mass popular movements. The phenomenon of social revolution is presented as an event in which the aesthetic component of historical action is concentrated. The global revolutionary social shifts of our time are largely achieved through the selfless steps and inspired social creativity of popular movements, whose participants, whether they realize it or not, are engaged in practical, often heroic, transformation of an imperfect world and the creation of a new, more perfect one, the harmony of which is revealed as constructive solvability contradictions.

The effects of interim feedback on perceptions and outcomes of assessment in a first-year history course

ABSTRACT Research on the first year of higher education (FYHE) has shown that students benefit from scaffolding to ease the transition to university. Constructively aligned assessment and feedback are integral to a scaffolded approach. Low-stakes interim assessments and feedback can reduce uncertainties around higher-stakes assessments and help students meet key learning outcomes. This small-scale study investigated the effects of one-on-one interim feedback conversations (FCs) with students in a first-year modern history course. Two datasets were used and compared. First, the students were surveyed about their perspectives on FCs after they took place. Second, analytics data provided insights into engagement and assessment performance across the cohort. Considering these datasets alongside each other suggests that FCs, though a popular and beneficial feedback mode, are unlikely to override other known success factors. However, the positive reception and apparent benefits of FCs make them a viable option for implementing interim feedback in the FYHE.

Source genres in history writing

ABSTRACT Sources need categorisation to ensure that from an overabundance of material the most relevant sources are used. Commonly, the separation between tradition and relics, or between primary and secondary sources has been used for this and was taught in history courses as well as used in bibliographies of historiographies. The use of these categorizations, however, are at least since the cultural turn controversially discussed, and their significance is questioned. The need for categorizations for the ever-growing stock of sources available to historical researchers has, nonetheless, not diminished. This article discusses different approaches to source genres, how and why it matters if they are categorized as tradition, relic, primary or secondary source. Furthermore, suggestions are offered on how the cultural and social historian may preselect their sources, what it means to categorise sources for the research questions and the possible results, and what alternatives to approaching and selecting sources could look like. Based on a discussion of historiographical works on the later Stuart period, this article will show how source genres can be used to further historical research after the cultural turns.

Parallel Path, Divergent Vision: A Comparative Study of Sardar Patel and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in India's Social Transformation

In the annals of Indian history, few figures loom as large or command as much respect as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Emerging during a tumultuous period marked by colonial rule and social injustice, these two leaders played pivotal roles in shaping the course of India's history. Sardar Patel, known as the 'Iron Man of India'[1] was instrumental in India's struggle for independence and post-independence nation-building efforts. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, hailed as the 'Father of the Indian Constitution,' dedicated his life to fighting against caste-based discrimination and advocating for the rights of the oppressed. This report aims to compare and contrast the lives, ideologies, and contributions of these two visionary leaders, highlighting their similarities and differences and examining their lasting impact on India's history and future.

Тройна показателна местоименна система в диалекта на с. Речане, Призренско

In the article, from the point of view of the theory of grammatical oppositions, the organization and composition of the triple demonstrative pronoun system in the Rechanе dialect, which marks the western border of the Bulgarian linguistic land, is presented. It is emphasized on the signs on the basis of which it is built, and the existence of a logical relationship between them, which predetermines the number of its constituent members. The reasons that led to the limitation of the area of distribution of the triple paradigm of demonstrative pronouns and to the development towards its reduction to two-part, which characterize today the predominant part of the speech on our linguistic territory, and which has imposed itself as a norm from the point of view of the contemporary Bulgarian literary language, are also indicated. A parallel is drawn with the development of the four-member morphological category definiteness / definiteness (which arises on the basis of the phenomenon analyzed in the article) and its development, emphasizing the existing similarity in the two developmental processes. The presented analysis of the triple demonstrative pronoun system of the speech of the village of Rechane, Prizrensko is based on material personally collected by the author during the course of candidate student courses in Bulgarian language, literature, history and culture for the Bulgarian minority there in the period 2015–2019.

Изменения границ внутри человеческого общества. В преддверии постгуманизма

With the prevailing ideas of humanism in the public consciousness, many boundaries were created that divide people into categories. At the same time, on one side of the border there are those who are more deserving of the title ‘human’ in comparison with those who are on the other side. Over the course of history, these borders have been actively rebuilt, and the pace of their changes has become increasingly rapid in recent years. The article examines changes at five such boundaries: between men and women, according to belonging to different religious denominations, to different nationalities and races, between healthy people and disabled people (including between the mentally healthy and the crazy), as well as changes in attitudes over time to the homeless and tramps. The author considers the consequences of changes that have already occurred or are planned at each of these five boundaries. The author believes that a mandatory factor in global economic development has always been the “friendly-alien” division. With the help of such division in economic activity, trust is generated, which is the most important institution necessary for the existence and development of the economy and social organization. Trust facilitates the interaction of economic agents and facilitates the functioning of monetary mechanisms. Large-scale attempts to erase boundaries between people are being made through coups and revolutions, but they lead to the replacement of previously existing boundaries between people with new ones. An attempt to eliminate classes leads to the creation of a new system of boundaries - property inequality. An attempt to eliminate property inequality and the exploitation of man by man leads to the creation of a new system of boundaries – by the place in the vertical of power, by membership in the ruling party, and others. For this reason, with any reforms and radical transformations, it is advisable to anticipate the formation of new borders, and also to evaluate if they are much better than the previous ones in terms of social justice and economic efficiency.

Владикавказское мещанское училище (Часть 4 заключительная)

The article is the final part of the study of the history of the petty-bourgeois schools of Vladikavkaz in the pre-revolutionary period. The publication discusses the new disciplines introduced into the curriculum, reflects the financial situation of the educational institution. During the study, copies of the reports of inspectors and directors of public schools were found, some excerpts from which are given verbatim. The financial difficulties caused by the difficult general economic situation in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century set the task for the school authorities and regional governing bodies – to secure the school, financially and economically related to the petty-bourgeois administration, now completely for the state budget. This issue was key and became so acute that there was a risk of closing schools. However, the events of 1917 changed the course of history, including the history of petty-bourgeois schools, which were transformed into the 7th Higher Primary School. It should be noted that the serial numbers of city schools often changed, but the status of the Higher Primary, for the first post-revolutionary years, was assigned to the petty-bourgeois school.