Electric Field Coupling Research Articles

Frustrated Magnetism and Spin Anisotropy in a Buckled Square Net YbTaO4.

The interplay between quantum effects from magnetic frustration, low-dimensionality, spin-orbit coupling, and crystal electric field in rare-earth materials leads to nontrivial ground states with unusual magnetic excitations. Here, we investigate YbTaO4, which hosts a buckled square net of Yb3+ ions with Jeff = 1/2 moments. The observed Curie-Weiss temperature is about -1 K, implying an antiferromagnetic coupling between the Yb3+ moments. The heat capacity shows no long-range ordering down to 0.10 K, instead shows a field-dependent broad maximum indicative of short-range correlations. The magnetic entropy recovered and magnetization measurements confirm a spin-orbit driven Jeff = 1/2 Kramers doublet ground state. Point charge calculations show that the Yb3+ ions do not host the quintessential XY spin anisotropy observed in typical Yb-based quantum magnets like NaYbO2, YbMgGaO4, and pyrochlores but rather exhibit an almond-shaped anisotropy with an easy axis. Thus, YbTaO4 can serve as a model system to study frustrated magnetism in a square lattice using the J1-J2 Heisenberg model. This work also emphasizes the significance of small perturbations to the local crystal electric field that can alter the spin anisotropy and change the collective behavior of the system.

Development Status and Application Research of Wireless Charging Technology

As the demand for convenience and flexibility in modern electronic devices and industrial systems continues to grow, wireless charging technology has become one of the key solutions to the limitations of traditional wired charging. This technology has demonstrated broad application prospects in various fields such as consumer electronics, industrial automation, and medical devices. This paper systematically reviews the latest developments in wireless charging technology, providing a detailed analysis of the fundamental principles, advantages and disadvantages, and application scenarios of different wireless charging methods, including electromagnetic induction, electric field coupling, magnetic resonance, and radio wave methods. To address the technical challenges encountered in long-distance wireless charging, the article explores optimized solutions such as metasurface designs and relay coils. The article also discusses the crucial roles of frequency modulation technology and clean energy harvesting in enhancing wireless power transmission efficiency. Furthermore, the article delves into the practical applications and development trends of wireless charging technology in areas like consumer electronics and industrial applications.

Investigation of Electric Field Coupling Wireless Power Transfer System with Immittance Converters

Investigation of Electric Field Coupling Wireless Power Transfer System with Immittance Converters

High-performance self-driven solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on Ga2O3/KNNM semiconductor-ferroelectric heterojunction

Ga2O3-based solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors have attracted extensive attention owing to their enormous potential in civilian and military fields. However, yet poor responsivity (R) and detectivity (D∗) of Ga2O3-based solar-blind UV photodetectors have hindered their practical applications. In this work, Ga2O3/K0.5Na0.5(Nb0.94Mn0.06)O3 (KNNM) heterojunction photodetectors with a type-II energy band configuration were designed and fabricated. The Ga2O3/KNNM heterojunction device shows a significantly higher performance (R = 13.28 mA/W, D∗ = 1.87 × 1011) at zero bias than the single-layer Ga2O3 (R = 6.75 mA/W, D∗ = 6.71 × 1010 Jones) and KNNM (R = 0.04 mA/W, D∗ = 7.14 × 108 Jones) based devices. The superior performance is attributed to the enhanced separation of photogenerated carriers caused by the constructive coupling of ferroelectric depolarization electric field in the KNNM ferroelectric material and Ga2O3/KNNM heterojunction built-in electric field. Under weak light illumination, the Ga2O3/KNNM heterojunction photodetector in the upward poling state shows the highest R (33.48 mA/W) and D∗ (4.71 × 1011 Jones) under zero bias toward 245 nm wavelength UV light. This work showcases Ga2O3/KNNM heterojunction as a promising candidate for constructing high-performance self-driven solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors.

3D electric field coupling with Cu foam hydrogel: Achieving efficient and high-speed solar interfacial evaporation

Solar interfacial evaporation is a clean and sustainable steam production method. Existing studies coupled electric field with 2D evaporator have acquired significant enhancement but the evaporation rate is relatively low. To obtain higher evaporation rates, this work has designed a novel Cu foam hydrogel interface evaporator, which could construct 3D electric field to improve the performance of 3D evaporator. The effects of electric field conditions and evaporator structure types on evaporation have been studied experimentally. Results reveal that the 3D electric field with low energy consumption has obvious improvement effect on the evaporation performance of the 3D evaporator and could reduce its surface temperature. Under electric field, the Cu foam hydrogel evaporator has achieved 159 % enhancement of evaporation performance and higher evaporation rate up to 3.053 kg·m−2·h−1 at the solar radiation intensity of only 1 sun. The enhancement mechanism is that the electric field can enhance the transport and evaporation of water in hydrogel. Besides, the evaporation of Cu foam hydrogel evaporators involves a larger surface area. Meanwhile, the 3D electric field has a stronger influence on the evaporator surface, and the above factors work together to improve the evaporator performance.

Internal Electric Field Manipulates Exciton-Phonon Couplings in Single Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals.

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention as materials for light-emitting diodes and quantum light sources. A deep understanding of exciton-phonon couplings is essential for obtaining a narrow emission line, weak phonon-sideband photoluminescence (PL), and a long exciton coherence time, which are especially useful for high-color-purity quantum-light-source applications. Here, we report the PL spectra of single CsPbBr3 NCs at 5.5 K as a function of the applied electric field. The exciton peak energy shows an asymmetric parabolic shift for positive and negative biases, implying the presence of a spontaneously generated internal electric field in the NCs when no field is applied. Both the internal electric field and exciton-phonon couplings become larger in smaller NCs, and they have a positive correlation with each other. Our findings show that the exciton-phonon couplings can be manipulated with an electric field, which dominates the PL properties of perovskite NCs.

Electrochemically Deposited Nanoarchitectured Nanoporous Metal Film Using Block Copolymer Micelle for Ultra-Sensitive SERS Platform

Utilizing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with plasmonic metals is a rapid, convenient, and powerful spectroscopic technique for molecule detection. The performance of SERS, including the limit of detection (LOD) and enhancement factor (EF), relies on the SERS substrate. These substrates contain plasmonic nanostructures, and the formation of nanogaps between them is one of the crucial factors. Therefore, the development of nanomaterials and nanostructures plays a pivotal role in creating high-performance SERS substrates. Despite numerous studies, achieving rich nanogap formation and establishing reliable processes remain challenging tasks. Firstly, we introduce a novel nanoarchitecture technique utilizing nanoporous metal films and nanoparticles to create abundant nanogaps. We fabricated a new type of SERS substrate with plasmonic nanoporous Au films using a soft-templating method combined with electrochemical deposition. Through precise surface modification and control of surface charge, we achieved well-defined nanogaps. Additionally, we present a new nanoarchitecture technique for forming hotspots by adjusting the gaps between nanoporous plasmonic Au pattern films. By adjusting the deposition voltage and time, we controlled the gaps between the patterns. The nanopatterns and nanoporous structures exhibit strong light trapping ability, owing to multiple reflections of light in the pore, and they possess a larger specific surface area, which enhances the enrichment of target molecules, leading to the formation of more "hot spots" and the enhancement of LSPR effect. Moreover, the multiple electric field couplings of the nanopatterns and nanoporous structures further enhance the local electromagnetic field. In conclusion, 3D SERS sensors hold great potential for revolutionizing various fields such as environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and chemical analysis. These products feature ultra-high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and customizable design, making them indispensable tools for detecting and analyzing molecules at low concentrations. The advancements in substrate fabrication bring us one step closer to maximizing their potential, and continuous research and development will undoubtedly transform approaches to molecular analysis. This presentation emphasizes the importance of utilizing reliable nanomaterials and nanoarchitecture techniques for nanogap formation. Figure 1

A small variable rate underwater CAN-fiber data transmission system

Abstract Currently, the primary data transmission methods underwater include optical fibers, radio waves, blue-green light, underwater acoustics, electric fields, and inductive coupling electric fields. Optical fibers are extensively utilized for underwater data transmission due to their benefits, such as long transmission distances, strong anti-interference capabilities, good environmental adaptability, and minimal limitations from navigating carriers. However, optical fibers face challenges in meeting high-speed transmission requirements beyond 10km due to communication distance constraints. As a result, optical fibers are often used as a replacement for the CAN communication system, but they come with drawbacks such as large volume and fixed speed. They lack dynamic testing and release-length experiments, supporting only one-time use. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a comprehensive design of a variable (adaptive) baud rate optoelectronic data transmission system for underwater applications with limited space. Lake trials were conducted under various conditions, demonstrating the system’s excellent performance. It ensures high-speed data transmission without interference and extends communication distances. This system holds significant reference value for the engineering implementation of composite data transmission systems constrained by space.

Dual Electric Field Coupling with Tunable Schottky Barrier Synergistically Regulating Electronic Configuration in CoP@Ni‐CdS Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

AbstractDesigning and exploiting visible‐light‐responsive materials that converts solar into chemical energy is promising in achieving green energy sustainability, but addressing low electron–hole separation efficiency and sluggish surface kinetic process remains formidable challenges. Herein, a novel CoP@Ni‐CdS Schottky junction composed of Ni‐doped CdS nanorods and quasi‐metallic CoP nanoparticles is constructed via a simple hydrothermal–calcination method. Experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrate that magnetic Ni‐doping not only induces a spin‐polarized electric field and enhances the built‐in interfacial electric field strength, but also rises the Schottky barrier height at the heterointerface, which synergistically accelerates the separation efficiency of photoinduced charges and modulates the electronic configuration of the active site to optimize the adsorption–desorption behaviors for H2O molecules and H* intermediates. Therefore, the designed CoP@Ni‐CdS catalyst exhibits an exceptional photocatalytic performance with H2 evolution rate of 42.14 mmol g−1 h−1 with the apparent quantum efficiencies of 16.8% at 420 nm, which is 14.14 and 2.21 times higher than that of pristine CdS and Ni‐CdS, respectively. This work provides in‐depth insights into fabricating dual electric fields, tuning the Schottky barrier and modulating the electronic configuration of active sites in Schottky heterojunction for ameliorative photocatalytic activity.

Electrochemical Switching of Electromagnetism by Hierarchical Disorder Tailored Atomic Scale Polarization.

High-frequency electronic response governs a broad spectrum of electromagnetic applications from radiation protection, and signal compatibility, to energy recovery. Despite various efforts to manage electric conductivity, dynamic control over dielectric polarization for real-time electromagnetic modulation remains a notable challenge. Herein, an electrochemical lithiation-driven hierarchical disordering strategy is demonstrated for actively modulating electromagnetic properties. The controllable formation and diffusion of coherent interfaces and cation vacancies tailor the coupling of atomic electric field and thus the locally polarized domains, which leads to the reversible electromagnetic transparency/absorption switching with a tunable range of -0.8--20.4 dB for the reflection loss and a broad operation bandwidth of 4.6 GHz. Compared to traditional methods of heteroatomic doping, hydrogenation, mechanical deformation, and phase transition, the electrochemical strategy shows a larger regulation scope of dielectric permittivity with the maximum increase ratios of 260% and 1950% for real and imaginary parts, respectively. This enables the construction of various device architectures including the adaptive window and pixelated metasurface. The results offer opportunities to achieve intelligent electromagnetic devices and pave an avenue to rejuvenate various electromagnetic functions of semiconductive oxides.

Multiple nanodroplets coalescence in the coupling of electric field and swirl centrifugal field: A molecular dynamics study

Multiple nanodroplets coalescence in the coupling of electric field and swirl centrifugal field: A molecular dynamics study

Optimization method for geometric shape of DC GIL insulators based on electric thermal multi-physics field coupling model

Optimization method for geometric shape of DC GIL insulators based on electric thermal multi-physics field coupling model

Endogenous electric field coupling Mxene sponge for diabetic wound management: haemostatic, antibacterial, and healing

Improper management of diabetic wound effusion and disruption of the endogenous electric field can lead to passive healing of damaged tissue, affecting the process of tissue cascade repair. This study developed an extracellular matrix sponge scaffold (K1P6@Mxene) by incorporating Mxene into an acellular dermal stroma-hydroxypropyl chitosan interpenetrating network structure. This scaffold is designed to couple with the endogenous electric field and promote precise tissue remodelling in diabetic wounds. The fibrous structure of the sponge closely resembles that of a natural extracellular matrix, providing a conducive microenvironment for cells to adhere grow, and exchange oxygen. Additionally, the inclusion of Mxene enhances antibacterial activity(98.89%) and electrical conductivity within the scaffold. Simultaneously, K1P6@Mxene exhibits excellent water absorption (39 times) and porosity (91%). It actively interacts with the endogenous electric field to guide cell migration and growth on the wound surface upon absorbing wound exudate. In in vivo experiments, the K1P6@Mxene sponge reduced the inflammatory response in diabetic wounds, increased collagen deposition and arrangement, promoted microvascular regeneration, Facilitate expedited re-epithelialization of wounds, minimize scar formation, and accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds by 7 days. Therefore, this extracellular matrix sponge scaffold, combined with an endogenous electric field, presents an appealing approach for the comprehensive repair of diabetic wounds.

Enhanced evaporation and heat transfer of sessile droplets via coupling electric field and temperature field

Controllable evaporation of sessile droplets is essential in diverse applications, ranging from thermal management to chemical reactions and combustion. Despite considerable advances, further enhancement of droplet evaporation is still challenging. Here, an experimental system that couples uniform/non-uniform electric fields with temperature fields to enhance hydrophilic droplet evaporation is introduced. The electric field can generate Coulomb force by changing the redistribution of charges at the droplet interface, which enables highly flexible and precise control of the sessile droplet. By leveraging the uniform electric field, the droplet is stretched upwards, which increases the heat transfer thermal resistance and the vapor concentration near the droplet interface, leading to the deterioration of droplet evaporation. Whereas the application of a non-uniform electric field will flatten the droplets due to the shear effect of the corona wind on the droplet interface, and the reduction of the heat transfer thermal resistance of the droplets, as well as the vapor concentration near the interface, which promotes the droplet evaporation. The coupling of uniform electric and temperature fields could reverse the inhibition effect of droplet evaporation caused by a purely uniform electric field, and the maximum enhancement ratio reaches 5.11 times. The coupling of a non-uniform electric field and temperature field can enhance droplet evaporation up to 29.34 times. The corresponding numerical simulation study reveals the flow and temperature distribution inside the droplet. This research provides critical insights into the precise manipulation of droplet evaporation by applying an electric field.

Synergistic effect of lightning rod and piezo-photocatalysis in sea urchin-shape Zn-MOF-74@g-C3N4 step-scheme heterojunction for H2O2 production under visible light irradiation

Piezo-photocatalytic H2O2 production was an emerging environmental technology that could convert solar energy into green chemicals, garnering significant attention. This study combined lightning rod effect and piezo-photocatalysis to achieve H2O2 production through an indirect two-electron oxygen reduction reaction pathway. A composite catalyst, sea urchin-shaped Zn-MOF-74@g-C3N4, had a surface of spherical Zn-MOF-74 made up of graphite phase carbon nitride nanoneedles with high curvature tips. These tips could induce a “lightning rod effect” property, accelerating charge transfer and separation by guiding electron migration along the sharp tip direction. The piezo-photocatalytic process, along with the construction of step-scheme heterojunction, generated a dual electric field, significantly enhancing the separation and migration rate of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the prepared Zn-MOF-74@g-C3N4 demonstrated a higher H2O2 production rate under the synergistic effect of lightning rod and piezo-photocatalysis. Free radical trapping experiments were conducted on various active species to uncover the mechanism behind the piezo-photocatalytic dual electric field coupling to produce H2O2.

Superelastic electromechanical behaviors in ferroelectric PbTiO[formula omitted] ceramics under coupled mechanical-electric fields: Higher-order piezoelectric constitutive equations from first-principles

With the recent discovery of superelastic behaviors of ferroelectric (piezoelectric) ceramics, understanding their non-linear mechanical and electromechanical responses under high stress and electric field conditions is crucial for engineering and designing advanced piezoelectric devices, such as ultrasmall actuator systems. In this study, we carry out first-principles finite electric field calculations to clarify the mechanical and electromechanical properties under the electric field for typical ferroelectric ceramics of PbTiO3. Superelastic-like non-linear deformation behavior is enhanced or suppressed depending on the electric field direction, suggesting the possible design of superelasticity. We clarified that positive and negative electric fields to spontaneous polarization promote and inhibit deformation due to strain loading, thereby providing tunable superelasticity. We also investigate the mechanical loading and electric field dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient of PbTiO3. The tunable piezoelectric response can be provided with a coupling of mechanical loading and electric field. Finally, we present higher-order piezoelectric constitutive equations applicable for superelastic-like non-linear deformations under an electric field. The present results will open promising paradigms for functional piezoelectric devices, and the proposed piezoelectric constitutive equations broaden the design scope through finite element method analysis.

Construction and photothermal properties of Ag–Pt nanoparticles modified hierarchical porous carbon film with ultra-wide infrared spectrum absorption

The rapid development and popularization of infrared detectors have expressed higher and urgent requirements for the light harvesting and photothermal conversion capability of infrared sensitive films. Herein, a hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) derived from polymer carbonization was employed as the porous framework, and then was modified with Pt and Ag particles to construct an efficient photothermal conversion film with ultra-wide infrared spectrum absorption. The light-trapping effect of special porous microstructure, introduction of enormous defects, and intrinsic strong absorption of carbon materials enables the HPC film to holds an absorbance of 72.74 % over the range of 2–20 μm, which could be further improved by about 1.3 times to 94.75 % after Pt and Ag particles (AgPt@HPC) were introduced onto the framework because of the additional plasmon effect and the establishment of complex electric field coupling mechanisms. Moreover, photothermal conversion efficiency of AgPt@HPC film also witnesses a great improvement by about 1.8 times compared with HPC film, and the boosted charge transfer between Ag, Pt and C was confirmed to provides a significant contribution to photothermal conversion. The proposed ultra-wide infrared sensitive film is not only designed for infrared detectors, but also has the potential to provide reference for the development of functionalized photothermal nanomaterials.

A stepwise multi-stage continuous dielectrophoresis separation microfluidic chip with microfilter structures

The separation of target microparticles using microfluidic systems owns extensive applications in biomedical, chemical, and materials science fields. Integration of microfluidic sorting systems employing dielectrophoresis (DEP) technology has been widely investigated. However, enhancing separation efficiency, purity, stability, and integration remains a pressing issue. This study proposes a stepwise multi-stage continuous DEP separation microfluidic chip with a microfilter structure. By leveraging a stepwise electrode configuration, a gradient electric field is generated to drive target microparticles along the electric field gradient, thereby enhancing separation efficiency. Innovative integration of a microfilter structure facilitates simultaneous filtration and improves flow field distribution, thus enhancing system stability. Through the synergistic effect of stepwise electrodes and the microfilter structure, superior coupling of electric and flow fields is achieved, consequently improving the sorting purity, separation efficiency, and system stability of the DEP-based microfluidic sorting system. Validation through simulation and separation of polystyrene microspheres demonstrates the excellent particle separation performance of the proposed system. It evidently shows potential for seamless extension to various biological microparticle sorting applications, harboring significant prospects in the biomedical domain field.

Interaction between PCB-Cu corrosion and electrochemical migration under the Coupling of electric field and thin liquid film

An in-situ monitoring and observation experimental setup was designed in the coupled environment of a thin liquid film and an electric field. The interactive development of PCB-Cu corrosion and electromigration under different bias voltages, salt concentrations, and liquid-film thicknesses was investigated, and an interactive model was proposed. The results showed that electromigration of copper was dominant at a high voltage of 3 V, whereas corrosion occurred without salt deposition at a low voltage of 1 V. The growth rate of the dendrites decreased with increasing liquid film thickness. In the presence of 1 g/m2 of NaCl, dendrite growth was absent because corrosion precipitation occurred before dendrite formation, thereby hindering the migration of copper ions. At a higher NaCl deposition density of 10 g/m2, the electromigration of copper became dominant, resulting in the formation of many short dendrites, evenly distributed on the cathode at a low voltage of 1 V. These observations are consistent with the results of the in-situ current monitoring tests.

Fully Integrated Direct Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators Coupled with Charge Pump and Electric Field Enhancing Effect Enabling Improved Output Performance

AbstractDirect‐current triboelectric nanogenerators (DC‐TENGs) arising from electrostatic breakdown have garnered significant attention due to their advantages of rectification‐free operation, constant current output, and high output power density. Previous studies have primarily concentrated on improving its performance through structural design and parameter optimization, neglecting the potential benefits of external charge excitation. Here, a facile and universal strategy coupling charge pump and electric field enhancing effect with DC‐TENG (CE‐DC‐TENG) is proposed to improve the output performance of DC‐TENG. An alternating current TENG is used as the charge pump. A field‐enhancing conductive layer, which is introduced under the main DC‐TENG, is connected with the pump TENG to accumulate the charge and enhance the electric field for electrostatic breakdown. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by linear and rotary sliding mode TENGs. Furthermore, a fully integrated rotary sliding mode CE‐DC‐TENG is designed and fabricated, and it exhibits impressive performance with a 13‐fold higher power density of 1.56 W m−2 compared to conventional DC‐TENG. Moreover, it can directly power small electronics or be combined with a designed power management circuit for more efficient energy conversion. This work presents a new design strategy for improving the performance of DC‐TENG and facilitating its practical applications.