Coupled Microstrip Research Articles

Proximity Coupled Micro-Strip Antenna for Bluetooth Application

Proximity Coupled Micro-Strip Antenna for Bluetooth Application

Broad Band Propinquity Coupled Feed Line Micro-strip Blotch Antenna for 5G Applications

In this research based paper, as the need of capacity is increasing very frequently so the demand of smart mobile phone and other wireless communication devices are increasing. The only technology that would be able to fastly fulfill the increasing communication capacity is 5G. For the establishment of communication between the devices of wireless on the higher band of frequencies like mm wave (mili-meter) there is much demand of such type of antennas that are lesser in size, not much expansive, compact and also main easy to fabricate as well as simulate. So, according to all these requirements the antennas that can fulfill all the requirements are only the patch antennas. The Micro-strip blotch Antenna and the authentic viewpoint are shown with high gain millimeter-wave antenna. The micro-strip blotch Antenna has high gain more prominent ground as of late. The Antenna has a good return-loss, gain up-to 11.91dB and the directivity 12.62dB at 28GHz frequency with 6×5 micro-strip planar array configuration with Propinquity coupled planar array Feeding method & line feed method procedure, it gives advantages over traditional conventional Antennas and benefits for 5G applications. In this research work for the implementation the designing and simulation work done on CST TOOL. This simulation is basically performed for coup-led propinquity and line feed for 5G application in future work together.

Spurious Passband Suppression in Compact Microstrip Rat-Race Coupler Deploying Modified Split Rings and Coupled Microstrip Lines

This manuscript presents the design of a size reduced microstrip rat-race (RR) coupler with improved spurious passband suppression performance. The coupler operates at 0.95 GHz, corresponding to 5G applications (sub-1 GHz 5G applications). The combined effect of coupled microstrip lines, slant connected split ring structure and the ring shaped defects offer deep suppression of harmonic signals beyond the passband till 4 GHz. The proposed coupler also offers 47.2% size reduction compared to a conventional RR coupler model.

Miniaturized High Temperature Superconducting Bandpass Filter Based on D-CRLH Resonators

In this paper, a novel high temperature superconducting (HTS) dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) resonator is proposed, which is constructed by microstrip spiral coupled lines and microstrip high-impedance lines. Moreover, by using an equivalent circuit model and a admittance matrix method, the characteristics of the D-CRLH resonator is obtained and analyzed, which makes it suitable for implementing the miniaturized high-performance filter. For demonstration, a second-order D-CRLH bandpass filter is designed on a 0.5-mm-thick MgO wafer with double sided YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> films. Multitransmission zeros are obtained in the stopband of the filter, improving the selectivity and stopband characteristics of the filter. Good agreement between the measurements and design goals can be observed.

Tunable bandstop filter with high suppression and wide tuning range

A tunable bandstop filter (BSF) with high suppression and wide tuning range is presented. The tunable BSF includes nine pairs of coupling microstrip resonators. Each coupling microstrip resonator contains a back-to-back varactor pair and the voltage bias circuit is placed at the cathode of each varactor. Moreover, the back-to-back varactor pair is connected to an inductive terminal with two parallel metallised vias. Compared to a single metallised via, the inductance of two parallel metallised vias is reduced which can be beneficial to increase the stopband resonant frequency and improve the suppression level of the tunable BSF. Finally, a tunable BSF prototype with the tuning range of 3.8–9 GHz (81%) is fabricated. The measured suppression level is larger than 40 dB, over the entire tuning range.

Compact Wideband Differential Bandpass Filter Using Coupled Microstrip Lines and Capacitors

A compact wideband differential bandpass filter (BPF) is achieved by loading two pair of capacitors at different positions of the half-wavelength-coupled microstrip line. The capacitances and loaded positions of capacitors combining with the even–odd-mode impedance of the coupled microstrip line can produce and control the three differential-mode (DM) transmission poles (TPs), four DM transmission zeros (TZs), and three common-mode (CM) TZs. Comparing with the state-of-the-art wideband differential BPFs, the proposed design has the advantages of compact size and low insertion loss. A prototype with the size of 51 mm $\times 4$ mm ( $0.5\,\,\lambda _{ g} \times 0.04\,\,\lambda _{ g} $ , $\lambda _{ g} $ is the microstrip guided wavelength at the center frequency $f_{ 0 }$ ) is designed for demonstration, which exhibits the 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 105% centered at 1.8 GHz and the minimum insertion loss of 0.16 dB.

Design and Measurement of a 1-bit Reconfigurable Transmitarray With Subwavelength H-Shaped Coupling Slot Elements

A novel 1-bit 256-element reconfigurable transmitarray antenna (RTA) at the Ku-band is presented. The element consists of two orthogonal H-shaped slots as receiving and transmitting structures, and the power transmission is realized by a coupling microstrip line in between. Two p-i-n diodes integrated on the coupling line can be electronically controlled to reverse the excitation directions, thus generating two states with 180° phase difference and low transmission loss. A subwavelength element spacing of $\lambda _{0}$ /3 is utilized to stabilize the element performance under oblique incidence. A transmitarray prototype with $16 \times 16$ elements and aperture size of $5.3\lambda _{0}\times 5.3\lambda _{0}$ at 12.5 GHz is fabricated and measured for the experimental verification. The measured results show that the maximum gain is 17.0 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 14.0%, and 2-D scanning beams within ±50° angular range are obtained. The 3-dB gain bandwidth of the broadside beam is 9.6%.

Equation-Based Solutions to Coupled, Asymmetrical, Lossy, and Nonuniform Microstrip Lines for Tab-Routing Applications

In this paper, analytical equation-based solutions are derived to allow quick and accurate calculations directly from the physical parameters of coupled, asymmetrical, lossy, and nonuniform microstrip lines with interdigital trapezoidal tabs incorporated, resulting in their corresponding scattering parameters. Capacitance and inductance matrices under a quasi-static condition are derived from the cross-sectional dimensions of asymmetrical coupled microstrip lines with unequal widths. They are converted into a frequency-dependent resistance–inductance–conductance–capacitance model, allowing complete equation-based solutions to their four-port Z-matrix, S-matrix, and ABCD-matrix. As an application example of tackling the complexity of transmission lines, the derived analytical method is applied to a transitional structure with linearly varying trace width in tabbed microstrip lines by the method of segmentation. In addition, a new concept of tab-coupling fringing capacitance is specifically introduced to compensate for underestimated mutual capacitance at tab positions, which will improve the accuracy of the proposed approach. Numerical modeling results from commercial simulation tools are compared for validation purposes. As a conclusion, the proposed method and its versatility are demonstrated with applications to practical high-speed and high-density printed circuit board designs, which renders itself effective and efficient in an optimization process.

Modeling a Planar Coupled Microstrip Lines using various Wavelets and Method of Moments

In this paper, we apply a several wavelets basis functions to the method of moments to modeling the parallel-coupled microstrip lines. The first set of equations is for the shielded microstrip line solved with moment’s method and wavelets. The Green’s function is obtained from the theory of images. The second set are for the parallel-coupled microstrip lines operating in the TEM mode or when the analysis can be based on quasi-static approximation, the properties of coupled lines can be determined from the self- and mutual inductances and capacitances for the lines. To demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed technique, numerical results of even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances, coupling coefficient, percentage sparsity achieved in the impedance matrix, the CPU Time to reverse impedance matrix, and error relative for Daubechies, Coiflets, Biorthogonal and Symlets wavelets are presented. Numerical results are in good agreement with those in previous publications.

Numerically efficient algorithm for compact microwave device optimization with flexible sensitivity updating scheme

An efficient trust-region algorithm with flexible sensitivity updating management scheme for electromagnetic (EM)-driven design optimization of compact microwave components is proposed. During the optimization process, updating of selected columns of the circuit response Jacobian is performed using a rank-one Broyden formula (BF) replacing finite differentiation (FD). The FD update is omitted for directions sufficiently well aligned with the recent design relocation. As the algorithm converges, the alignment threshold is gradually reduced so that the condition for using BF becomes less stringent. This allows for further reduction of the number of EM simulations involved in the optimization process. The presented flexible Jacobian update scheme allows for considerable reduction of the computational cost with only slight degradation of the design quality. Robustness of the presented algorithm is validated through multiple optimization runs from random initial designs. The verification experiments are conducted for a range of microwave components, including a compact microstrip coupler as well as a three-section compact microwave resonant cell-based impedance transformer. The effects of the alignment threshold value on the computational efficiency of the algorithm and the design quality are investigated. Significant savings reaching 50% as compared to the reference algorithm are demonstrated.

Proximity Coupled Microstrip Antenna for Bluetooth, WIMAX and WLAN Applications

This paper presents a new design of a multiband microstrip antenna with a proximity coupled feed for operating in the LTE2300 (2300–2400 MHz), Bluetooth (2400-2485 MHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.7 GHz), and WLAN (5.15-5.35 GHz, 5.725-5.825 GHz) bands. In addition, it also covers 6-dB impedance bandwidth across the UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) band. The proposed antenna consists of a corner-truncated rectangular patch with a rectangular slot, meandered microstrip feed, and defected ground plane. The antenna is fabricated using 0.8 mm thick FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and has a small size of only 27x24 mm2. The antenna shows a stable gain over the operating bands and good radiation characteristics. The simulated and measured results are shown to have good agreements.

A new microstrip coupling system for realization of a differential dual-band bandpass filter

In this paper, a new Differential Dual-Band Wide-Bandpass Filter (DDWBF) using a new coupling system is presented. The adjustable coupling system composed of Two Coupled U-Shaped Structures (TCUSs) which create and control two initial passbands. Four TCUSs are then placed in four ports and connected through a defected fractal-based low impedance transmission line. Third order of Sierpinski fractal is applied on the transmission line to improve the out of band rejection of the differential mode along with common mode suppression. An analytical analysis is also presented to calculate the transmission zeros and poles of the DDWBF which verifies the authenticity of the design procedure. A prototype of the filter has been fabricated and tested which shows a very good agreement with the predicted results. According to the measured results, two wide passbands with fractional bandwidths of 45% and 13.5% at central frequencies of 4.32 and 8.61 GHz, respectively, have been achieved. The differential mode return loss is higher than 15 dB in both bands and the common mode suppression level is better than 14.85 dB.

The Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Coupled Microstrip Lines Resonator

The Voltage Controlled Oscillator with Coupled Microstrip Lines Resonator

Compact balanced bandpass filter design using miniaturised substrate integrated waveguide cavities

The contribution of this work is to propose a compact balanced bandpass filter design using the miniaturised full/half-mode substrate integrated waveguide cavities (SIWCs) together with the microstrip coupling slot feed. The circuit area of the proposed full-mode SIWC is only 4.64% of its conventional SIWC counterpart, and the half-mode SIWC further reduces the circuit area by half. Besides the circuit compactness, the non-coupling of the microstrip and the slot in the common-mode (CM) operation provides an excellent CM signal rejection. Prototypes of two-pole full/half-mode balanced SIWC BPFs are fabricated and measured to validate the circuit design. Agreements between measured and simulated data are observed. The CM signal rejection levels are larger than 45 dB over a wide-frequency range with the passband's differential-mode insertion losses around 1.6 and 0.8 dB for the full- and half-mode designs, respectively.

Design and Development of 6 Elements Aperture Coupled Feed Planar Array Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for CPE WiMAX Application at 3.3 GHz

Design and Development of 6 Elements Aperture Coupled Feed Planar Array Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for CPE WiMAX Application at 3.3 GHz

Design and Fabrication of the Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Coupler 3dB Using Stepped Impedance Resonators for the ISM Applications

In this work, a novel miniaturized compact coupler using the shunt-stubs artificial transimission lines with high and low impedances is presented. Design of the proposed coupler is accomplished by modifying the length and impedance of the branch lines in the conventional structure with the planar resonators in order to achieve branch line coupler with compact size and improvement of the performances. First part of this work is focusing on the theorical study of the proposed resonators where the equations are obtained. Secondly, the proposed coupler is designed on FR4 susbtrate, and simulated by using the EM Solver (ADS from Agilent technologies and CST microwave studio) in order to operate in the ISM band. The obtained results show good agreement with the simulations and the coupler shows a good perfo6rmance in the hole bandwidth. The size of the proposed coupler is reduced around 50% compared to the conventional design. The last part conerns the fabrication and test of the proposed coupler. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreements.

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비대칭 개구면 결합 급전을 이용한 원형편파 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나 설계

Low‐cost and reliable geometry scaling of compact microstrip couplers with respect to operating frequency, power split ratio, and dielectric substrate parameters

A technique for rapid re-design of miniaturised microstrip couplers with respect to operating conditions as well as material parameters of the dielectric substrate is proposed. The dimension scaling process is based on a set of pre-optimised reference designs, obtained for an equivalent circuit model of the coupler at hand. The reference designs are utilised to construct an inverse surrogate model which – upon suitable correction – yields the optimum geometry parameter values of the structure re-designed for required values of operating conditions and substrate parameters. An iterative fine-tuning process necessary to account for the surrogate model inaccuracies is also developed. The proposed methodology is validated using a compact rat-race coupler example. The obtained results demonstrate that accurate scaling is possible at a low cost of up to three EM simulations of the structure. For a considered example, the scaling is realised within a wide range of operating conditions (1–2 GHz for the operating frequency, −3 to 0 dB for power split) and substrate parameters (0.7–1.5 mm for the thickness, and 2.5–3.5 for dielectric permittivity). Numerical results are validated experimentally.

Effect of the Aperture Ratio on the Impedance Bandwidth of an Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna

Effect of the Aperture Ratio on the Impedance Bandwidth of an Aperture Coupled Microstrip Antenna

Microstrip Hybrid Coupler with a Wide Stop-Band Using Symmetric Structure for Wireless Applications

In this paper, a wide stop-band microstrip coupler is presented . The proposed structure consists of coupled lines and step impedance cells, which are integrated to operate at 2.82 GHz for wireless applications. This coupler is formed by a symmetric structure so that the locations of the output ports relative to input are quiet similar. Accordingly, the magnitudes (also phases) of S 21 and S 31 overlap each other so that input signal can be selected through the output ports equally. There are little differences between the magnitudes and phases of S 21 and S 31 so that 0.97˚ phase shift is obtained. In comparison with previous works, the performance of the introduced coupler is improved. To get a better isolation, return loss and harmonic attenuation the frequency response is optimized without significant increase in circuit size. Moreover the first, second and third harmonics of S 21 and S 31 are well attenuated as well as a wide stop-band is obtained up to 15.1 GHz. The realized coupler is fabricated and measured. There is a good agreement between simulated and measured results, which confirms the design process.