Security Of Country Research Articles

Evaluation of financial monitoring systems effectiveness in its relationship to the country's security indicators

Motivation: The motivation for this research work is its potential to identify critical issues with far-reaching implications for economic security, governance and development, and to contribute to more informed decision-making in the area of countering the financing of terrorism. Aim: The purpose of this research paper is to analyse the impact of the FATF (Financial Action Task Force) standards on crime and anti-corruption efforts and the effective implementation of the legal framework in countries. Results: The article examines the relationship between crime, corruption, terrorism and FATF standards in 54 countries. Based on the regression analysis, the influence of crime, terrorism and perception of corruption on the effectiveness and compliance with FATF standards is investigated. The specific coefficients show that the perception of terrorism and corruption have a statistically significant negative and positive impact on the dependent variable, respectively, while the impact of the crime index is not statistically significant. By examining the impact of crime rates and anti-corruption efforts on FATF standards and the effective implementation of legal frameworks in countries, the study aims to provide information that can inform decision-making. Understanding how these factors interact can help to improve anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing strategies at both the national and international levels, including the improvement of financial monitoring systems. Understanding the relationship between crime, corruption and terrorism can have practical implications for various stakeholders, including law enforcement, government officials and international organisations. The findings are important for the implementation of effective measures to combat money laundering and terrorist financing, improve governance, security and overall socio-economic stability.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ

The unprecedented sanctions imposed on Russia and the changing production chains in the world have set our country the task of forming its own technological base to ensure the country's security. Based on Russia's existing groundwork, social significance and multiplier effect, the pharmaceutical industry, aircraft and rocket engineering, as well as microelectronics and artificial intelligence are the most promising. Despite investments in these industries, Russia is still experiencing import dependence in each of them. To solve this problem, this article proposes the use of strategic planning with the large-scale use of state regulation tools. The scientific novelty of this article consists in proving that the control of technology in the GVC strengthens the subordinate position of developing countries. In addition, the industries that ensure technological sovereignty are identified

VATANPARVARLIK TUSHUNCHASINING G’OYAVIY ASOSLARI

In this article, the concept of patriotism and its essence, strengthening of national independence in today's globalization processes, issues of its importance in ensuring the country's security are scientifically and theoretically analyzed, and practical suggestions are given.

Measuring The Level Of Strategic Thinking: An Analytical Research In The National Security Advisory

The current research derives its significance from its focus on the vital subject of strategic thinking. This topic has attracted the attention of researchers and managers alike, as well as the importance of the researched organization, the National Security Advisory, due to its strategic role in maintaining the country's security and stability. The research problem arises from neglecting the role of strategic thinking in the organization's success. The research aims to identify the level of incorporation of strategic thinking within the National Security Adviser, across its four dimensions. The research included a sample of (90) employees at all administrative levels in the National Security Advisory in a narrative analytical mythology. The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information related to the respondents, and a number of statistical methods were used to obtain results through the SPSS program. The research reached a set of conclusions, the most prominent of which is the disparity in the embodiment levels of strategic thinking in the researched organization, as systems thinking came at the first level, followed by thinking in time, then intentional thinking and finally opportunistic thinking.

Efforts to Develop TNI Defense Equipment Technology to Support National Defense Posture

The increasing complexity of global security threats and challenges is the result of technological developments, geopolitical dynamics, changes in the strategic environment, as well as the evolution of potential enemy tactics and strategies. In the midst of this dynamic, the TNI (Indonesian National Army) is faced with increasingly complex tasks to maintain the country's security and sovereignty. The TNI must continue to innovate and develop defense equipment technology that is in line with national defense needs. This research aims to see what the ideal defense posture of the Republic of Indonesia is, the current condition of Indonesia's defense equipment technology in facing these threats, and what gaps must be filled regarding the development of defense equipment technology that is in accordance with the country's ideal defense posture. This research uses qualitative research methods with data collection in the form of literature study. The research results show that the development of defense equipment technology does not only involve the modernization of military equipment, but also collaboration with the technology industry and investment in research and development.

Dualisme Kebijakan Keamanan Nuklir Korea Utara Melalui Uji Coba Rudal Antar Benua Tahun 2021-2022

In 2021-2022, North Korea's nuclear developments surprised public. The testing of missiles over the past year produced the latest advanced nuclear. North Korea developing new an intercontinental nuke called "Hwasong-17". This article will discuss the dualism of nuclear policy carried out by North Korea through intercontinental missile tests to increase the national security in 2021-2022. The research focuses on two discussions. First, the movement of intercontinental nuclear tests and the response from world community. Second, the dualism policy impact for North Korea towards The Country's security. This article contain the Offense-Defense Theory, Nuclear Deterrence Concept with qualitative approach and descriptive research methods. The results of this article is to aim the impacts of North Korea's nuclear policy which used as main military strategy to maintain the country's security in positive and negative perspective

Treaty legalization, security interests, and ratification of multilateral disarmament treaties

Multilateral treaties are essential for the effectiveness of global disarmament efforts. Ratification delays have deep repercussions on international cooperation for disarmament. Yet what determines their duration? In this paper, we offer the first comprehensive study of multilateral disarmament treaty ratification, covering the period between 1976 and 2020. We test the effects of treaty legalization and a country's security situation on the ratification duration. States are slower to join treaties with a high degree of obligation, but faster to join treaties with high degrees of precision and delegation. Engagement in inter-state rivalries slows down ratification. In contrast, we find only statistically weak evidence that alliance embeddedness accelerates it.

Strategic directions for improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense

Introduction. Law enforcement agencies as subjects of formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense must have an appropriate organizational and legal framework for carrying out their activities. This involves two separate important directions of optimization of the current process of administrative and legal regulation of their activities, which is collectively objectified by the need to review scientific and normative discourses regarding the place and role of law enforcement agencies in the mechanism of ensuring national security of Ukraine. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the strategic directions of improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense. Results. Since law enforcement agencies in the researched area are generally divided into those that are independent or structural within the representative body - the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, we believe that the formation of a separate independent authority in the proposed context is generally inappropriate, as well as the granting of such powers to already existing ones. Conclusions. Law enforcement agencies should be provided with the ability to effectively influence various aspects of the country's security from the position of functional unity, which will allow them to strategically and functionally solve issues of national security and defense of Ukraine. We have proposed an author's variation of improving the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies as subjects of the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security and defense with emphasis on the need to create a specialized state entity - the Center for Coordination and Interaction of Law Enforcement Activities under the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine, which will represent the institute of law enforcement activities in Ukraine.

Professiograph of activity of cynological specialists of the MIA of Russia as a critical element of quality training of a specialist

Introduction. The article reveals the importance of the canine units of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs in ensuring the country's security. The purpose of the scientific research is a detailed study of the content and features of the professional activities of dog handlers with the subsequent construction of a professionogram as the most important element of high-quality training of specialists.Materials and Methods. The research materials were literary sources and the current practice of training dog handlers. During the study, general scientific methods were used: analysis and synthesis; generalization and specification; systematization and structuring of information. The authors analyze empirical studies, which reveal that a service dog has no analogues in terms of psychophysiological capabilities in solving operational and service tasks facing the department. As a result of studying the specialized literature, it was revealed that the leading activity of the canine service is the implementation of operational search and investigative actions. The second direction includes solving problems related to maintaining and saving a service dog. An equally important area of professional activity for dog handlers is leadership and mentoring.Results. Based on the results of the work carried out, a professiogram of a dog handler specialist of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was built, which is based on the concept of professional development of E.F. Zeer and his model of a prospective professionogram. The novelty of the study lies in the description of all structural elements: passport, specifics of personnel training, characteristics of leading activities, psychogram. The authors substantiate the importance of identifying the main substructures of a specialist’s personality (professional orientation, professionally significant qualities, professionally important qualities and psychophysiological properties), which acted as its main elements.Discussion and Conclusions. The professiogram proposed by the authors reflects the dynamics of changes in the leading activity of an individual at different stages of professional development, which allows for psychological support of the process of professional training of a dog handler of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.

The Media's Influence on Uganda's Security Sector Reforms: An Analysis of a Few Broadcast and Print Media Stations in Kampala

The goal of this study was to investigate how the media and other external variables influenced Uganda's security sector reform. The study especially looked at the several ways that Uganda's media shaped the country's security sector reforms, noted the difficulties that the media in Uganda experienced in implementing these reforms, and determined the other elements that affected Uganda's security sector reform. The study population included Kampala city residents, security personnel, and media personnel. This study used a quantitative, descriptive, and correlative research approach to investigate how the media and other factors shaped the security sector changes. Conversely, a qualitative method was applied to evaluate the difficulties encountered by the media, involving the collection of data through in-depth interviews with journalists. According to the study's findings, the mass media—that is, radio, television, and print—accounted for 47.9% of the security sector's performance (adjusted R2 = 0.479). This indicates that other factors not taken into consideration by this model accounted for 52.1% of the contribution. Nonetheless, just two media outlets—radio (β = 0.568, p = 0.000 < 0.05) and television broadcasting (β = 0.271, p = 0.004 < 0.05)—had a positive and noteworthy impact on the security sector's performance in Uganda, whereas print media (β = -0.090, p = 0.312 < 0.05) had a negative and negligible impact. The results of the journalist interviews also showed that, despite the media's beneficial influence on the performance of the security sector, the media in Uganda has certain obstacles to reforming the security sector. The primary obstacles identified by the interviewees were the absence of legal provisions or instruments that enable journalists to obtain information, coupled with the preservation of antiquated laws on statute books that restrict access, bureaucratic red tape in government, insufficient funding and institutional bureaucracy, political violence, and inadequate training. The results of the study showed that, as 45.2% of the data showed, there is a positive correlation between the other parameters and the performance of the security sector (p = 0.05). These other elements include company culture, resource availability, and leadership. This means that, despite a number of restrictions and laws put in place by governments to restrict media impact, the Ugandan media does its function. The study also comes to the conclusion that performance in the security industry is influenced by other factors. The report suggests that in order to enhance their effectiveness, the UPDF and UPF, which are the main security agencies, should rebrandtheir organizational culture, leadership, and structure. Keywords: Media, security sector, Uganda, Broadcast, Reform

On the Macroeconomic Determinants of Foreign Investor Participation in the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya

The participation of foreign investors in a country's securities market plays a crucial role in the growth of any country. Kenya has continued to experience volatility of foreign investor flows leading to instability in the financial market. The study aimed to identify the macroeconomic determinants, which have a significant effect on foreign investor participation in Kenya. Secondary monthly data for the period January 2020 to December 2023 was extracted from the Central Bank of Kenya, Capital Markets Authority, and Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. The multiple regression model with the assistance of SPSS software was employed to analyze data. Findings revealed that the inflation rate, exchange rate, and GDP growth rate had a negative and statistically significant effect on the participation of foreign investors as illustrated by P-values of 0.001, 0.032, and 0.05 respectively, which are less than 0.05. The results inferred that the inflation rate, exchange rate, and GDP growth rate affect the participation of foreign investors at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Interest rate as measured by the 365-day Treasury bill rate had a positive and statistically insignificant effect on the participation of foreign investors as presented by a P-value of 0.107. The results implied that changes in Treasury bill rates do not affect the participation of foreign investors at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The notable fluctuations in currency rates and their volatility, along with the impact of inflation on foreign portfolio inflows, underscore the crucial role played by monetary policy. This should be accomplished by stabilizing the value of the Kenyan shilling. Maintaining the stability of the value of the shilling is crucial to boosting the participation of foreign investors.

From the history of the defense policy of Kazakhstan Republic (1991-1997)

Relevance. Through specific archival and historical data, this research article describes the purpose of the Republic of Kazakhstan's defense policy, which is based on the goal of peacekeeping, which dates back to the country's early days of independence, the course, results, and historical significance of this activity. In addition, a description and analysis of the fact that this national-level action was carried out in a variety of ways. Purpose. The aims and objectives of the state's defense policy were established and authorized on a legal basis in the first stage. The training strategy for national military experts in several fields has been designed and accepted. The issue of the Armed Forces' contemporary equipment has been addressed and implemented. Methodology. From this period, the Republic of Kazakhstan began to work to ensure the defense capabilities of the Armed Forces of the country, as well as to ensure stability and peace in Central Asia. In particular, the Republic of Kazakhstan became a member of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, founded by the CIS member states, and began to hold joint events. Results. In particular, cooperation in the field of joint defense with the Russian Federation was established and further developed. For this purpose, equal relations with the People's Republic of China have been ensured. From the first days of independence, the Republic of Kazakhstan has laid the foundation for multifaceted cooperation with the Republic of Turkey in this area. The work of the Republic of Kazakhstan carried out by mutual agreements of this content with the United States was remarkable. At the same time, attention was paid to the relations of independent Kazakhstan with NATO and its adoption was included in the “Partnership for Peace” Program. Conclusions. As a result of the concrete measures taken for this purpose, the capacity of the Armed Forces of the State has increased and has become a strong guarantee of the country's security.

Combating terrorist threats in the Republic of Tajikistan

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of measures to combat terrorist threats in the Republic of Tajikistan. The article examines not only the problem of terrorism in the region, but also assesses its impact on the development and stability of the state and society as a whole. In the context of global trends related to international terrorism, extremism and drug trafficking, special attention is paid to their impact on Central Asia and the post-Soviet space. The region is becoming vulnerable to such threats, and therefore effective cooperation between States and international organizations in combating these problems is important. The current problems are analyzed, including the changing nature of global terrorism and its spread, especially in Afghanistan. The growth of extremist organizations and drug trafficking is also being revealed, which poses serious challenges to Tajikistan's national security. The study analyzed data obtained from various sources, which made it possible to identify significant challenges and threats to which the Central Asian states are exposed. Special attention is paid to global processes and their impact on the security of the region, as well as internal factors determining the socio-political situation in the Republic of Tajikistan. The novelty of this study lies in the importance of collective counteraction to terrorist threats and their impact on the stability and development of the Republic of Tajikistan. Considering the problem not only from the point of view of internal security, but also in the context of global trends, the study reveals the relationship between terrorism and other problems such as extremism and drug trafficking.This study highlights the important role of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in ensuring the country's security and countering threats. The article also discusses issues of cooperation with neighboring states and international organizations in the field of combating terrorism, which is also a new and relevant aspect of the study. Special attention is paid to the relevance and importance of these issues for ensuring the stability and development of the states of the Central Asian region. In the context of the changing global situation and the increasing influence of terrorism and extremism, the article emphasizes the need to effectively respond to threats and take appropriate measures to ensure the security of the region as a whole.

ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆԻ ՀԱՆՐԱՊԵՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԱԶԳԱՅԻՆ ԱՆՎՏԱՆԳՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՍԱՀՄԱՆԱԴՐԱԿԱՆ ԿԱՐԳԱՎՈՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՄԱՏԵՔՍՏՈՒՄ / NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSTITUTIONAL REGULATIONS

The article discusses the issue of legal provision of national security of the Republic of Armenia in the context of constitutional regulations. The author presents some basic laws that are included in the legislative system formed in the field of national security, emphasizing the role of the Constitution in that system, presenting it as the main legal document in the hierarchical scale of legal acts ensuring the country's security. According to the author's observations, dangers and threats are always present for people, society and the state, so for them, the security is a state of constant protection from dangers. At the same time, it should be noted that it is not a passive, but an active state. That is, a state characterized by such active actions that ensure the progressive development of the person, society and the state in all spheres of public life. As a result, the national security system acquires a complex structure, in which component parts and subsystems can be distinguished. Among the latter, the author singled out the system of legal support and concluded that despite the extensive work done in the field, the constitutional and legal framework of national security needs to be made more complete and systematic, which will be greatly facilitated by the adoption of the Law on Security of the Republic of Armenia.

New developments in the global world: challenges and opportunities for Georgia

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the features of the current reality of globalization, to identify the created opportunities and threats, and to reveal the ways to overcome it. The object of research is the current economic and political processes in the world, as well as, especially, geopolitical issues and the Ukrainian crisis. The work is based on the analysis of various fundamental literature, synthesis, specific statistical data, components of globalization index. The work draws conclusions using the cause-and-effect relationship of facts. Based on the trend of strengthening the multipolar world order, important conclusions and recommendations are presented about the possibilities and threats caused by the modern new reality of globalization, and taking advantage of it. The new, modern trend of strengthening the multipolar world order not only brings visible positive results, also creates acute problems of protecting national priorities within the framework of international cooperation. Ensuring the country's security is significantly influenced by the growth of interdependence between the subjects of international relations, new events in the global world, the increased openness of the economy of the world’s most countries, the development of joint programs to solve contemporary, important problems. Keywords: sources of globalization, modern tendency of strengthen the multipolar world order, globalists, anti-globalists.

Окремі питання вчинення нотаріальних дій під час воєнного стану в Україні

Summary. In today's conditions, the research of the legal framework in the field of notary is more relevant than ever. This is due to the fact that in the conditions of martial law, the notary, as well as other structures representing our state, underwent significant changes for the sake of the country's security. That is why the purpose of this article was to study certain aspects of notarial acts during martial law in Ukraine, which focused on research on the disclosure of legislation, protection of citizens' rights, the role of notaries and their duties during martial law on issues such as certification of documents , divorce, execution of powers of attorney, alienation of real estate, inheritance, etc. For this, in the process of writing, we used a number of research methods, namely methods of the philosophical, general scientific and special scientific level. Thus, among the philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, we used such methods as the method of dialectical knowledge (which helped to ensure the objectivity, comprehensiveness, specificity and completeness of the research), as well as the logical method (where the main techniques are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy , descent from the concrete to the abstract and from the abstract to the concrete), etc. Among general scientific methods, we used such methods as system analysis, target, technical-legal and comparative-legal methods, which allowed us to comprehensively analyze the legislative provisions that underwent changes in the wartime conditions in the field of notary. At the same time, we also used such special scientific methods as formal-dogmatic (in the analysis of external forms of law) and interpretation of law, which were necessary to clarify the content of a number of principles and norms of national law, which contributed to the identification of certain patterns of formation, functioning and development of the notary in the conditions of war. As a result of the conducted research, we determined that despite the updating and adoption of a number of new normative legal acts in the field of notary, nevertheless, our state managed to inform notaries in a timely manner about all the changes made to legislative acts, which allows us to ensure the security of notaries in the conditions of war in Ukraine not only citizens of Ukraine, but also their rights and property in the field of notary, as well as the safety of notaries in the field of their activities. This gives us reason to assert that Ukraine, as certain problems related to the war in Ukraine arise, take all necessary actions for the safety of Ukrainian citizens and the regulated activity of notaries.

Russian-Chinese Relations and Their Prospects in Energy and Agriculture

The development of relations between countries takes place during the transition from a unipolar world to a multipolar one. Against the background of the fact that Western countries, led by the United States, are striving for world hegemony, Russia and China are interested in strengthening their statehood. The reason for the intensification of the geopolitical and geo-economic crises is the redistribution of the world, including due to the increased economic and military power of China. Protecting national interests and strengthening the country's security is the primary task of any state. Currently, the most important are security in the field of energy and agriculture. That is why these two areas have become interesting to us for scientific research. The article considers the structure of exports and imports of Russia and China; the main directions of export and import of the two economies, their complementarity; the role and significance of China for the modern economy of Russia, the prospects for bilateral relations in the near future.

Gender and Cyber Communication: A Systematic Literature Review of Challenges Faced by Women in Pakistan

Cyber communication and gender issues have been subjects of sociolinguistic discussions among researchers in recent years. Online gender harassment has become a common phenomenon in the internet era. This harassment is aggravated when sufferers face more persecution due to delay, denial, and in some cases, unavailability of justice from the country's criminal justice system. Though third-world countries have categorized laws dealing with cyber-harassment to deal with cyber- criminals, the same system paves the way for secondary persecution. Past studies show that law enforcement agencies trivializing problems further victimizes the victim. This study is an endeavour to answer the following questions. What kind of cyber threats do Pakistani women face? Why has a country's judicial system failed to control cyber-harassment cases? What steps are required to deal with cyber-harassment? For this purpose, the data is collected from ten online journals and blogs. The study reveals that gender discrepancies, cybercrimes, and increasing reports of violent misogyny on the internet highlight the weakness of the country's security mechanism requires instant measures to be taken by the government by making strict cyber laws and a quick cyber force.

The Rise and Fall of the Iraqi Sunni Awakening Movement

The article studies the rise of the Sunni Awakening (or Sahwa) movement as an example of how different groups can be mobilized for collective action and disintegrated by internal and external factors. It also examines the motives of the Sunni tribal leaders to oppose the AQI and the factors that had a decisive influence on the disintegration of the Awakening movement. The emergence of the Iraqi Sunni Awakening was associated not so much with a sense of ideological, patriotic, or religious obligation but with the loss of economic power of the tribal leaders who decided to mobilize against the AQI.Since 2006, the Sunni Awakening has been a key component of the US strategy to combat jihadi groups. The growth of the movement's activity led to a weakening of the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) and a significant decrease in the intensity of interfaith conflict in the country. After the official transfer of control of the Awakening to the Iraqi government, the relationship of the Sunni tribes with official Baghdad deteriorated, as Prime Minister Al-Maliki pursued a systematic policy of marginalizing and eliminating the Awakening. The disintegration of the Awakening was strongly influenced by two US decisions that were of strategic importance to Iraq: (a) support for al-Maliki following his defeat in the 2010 parliamentary elections, won by the secular Sunni-Shiite coalition; (b) poor timing of the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq, as by the end of 2011, the Iraqi security forces were still not ready to ensure the country's security. As a result, in 2012, numerous supporters of the Sahwa began to participate in anti-government revolts, and thousands of fighters from the movement joined ISIL.

Judicial Framing and Immigration Policymaking: Israel's Policy toward Self-Claiming Palestinian Informers

How does the use of judicial framing, a repeated selection of certain features across a large number of related cases, enable courts to be active participants in national immigration policymaking? Previous legal studies have often underestimated the judicial impact on national immigration policies and focused, instead, on courts’ limited intervention in landmark cases. In this article, we show that by repeatedly using a particular judicial framing as part of their daily practice over a large group of legal cases, courts can help form a new national policy related to forced migration without setting any explicit legal precedent that challenges the decisions of the country's security authorities and government ministries. The analysis presented here examines the Israeli High Court of Justice's engagement in Israel's immigration policymaking toward Palestinians who claimed to have worked with Israeli security agencies as collaborators and were fearful of harsh reprisals if they remained in Palestinian autonomous areas. By looking beyond the outcomes of individual cases, our analysis opens another avenue for research on courts’ hidden intervention into national immigration policy through adopting and further developing new legal categories of forced migrants as part of their practice in the national arena.