Countries In Response Research Articles

PERSPECTIVES FOR POST-WAR RECOVERY IN UKRAINE IN THE SPHERE OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS

This article examines the trajectory and potential resurgence of foreign direct investment (FDI) in post-war Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to determine how geopolitical and economic conditions, external aggression, political instability, and the COVID-19 pandemic have impacted FDI in Ukraine over the past few years. The declining and recovering trends of FDI in Ukraine are examined using historical analysis and a comprehensive review of policies and economic indicators. Regional conflicts and political unrest led to a sharp decline in foreign direct investment in 2014 and 2015, followed by a revival beginning in 2015, with the exception of a brief lapse in 2017. However, the global COVID-19 pandemic again led to a decline in foreign investments, with an increase in 2021 due to improvements in the country's response to the pandemic and its economy. Notably, this increase in FDI was made possible by advancements in shareholder rights protection, open databases for beneficiaries, and simplifying construction permit procedures. The results highlight the effects of war and political instability on the confidence of foreign investors in Ukraine, with the war notably diminishing the investment attractiveness of Ukrainian firms, delaying key reforms, and shifting the geographic focus of FDI. In addition, the harmful effects of the war on living standards have affected domestic demand for goods and services. In terms of its practical value, the article argues that the post-war economic recovery of Ukraine is contingent on creating an environment conducive to direct foreign investment. It promotes the development of investment-attractive projects, particularly in sectors such as ecosystems, energy, agriculture, food, and national industry, while considering ESG sustainability criteria. It emphasizes that the path to recovery requires capitalizing on unique investment opportunities and calls for proactive reform and change management by the political leadership of the country. Consequently, our study provides valuable insights into the potential mechanisms for boosting FDI, ultimately guiding the reconstruction of the war-ravaged Ukrainian economy.

Discrimination in French and German Refugee Policy

The origin of the refugee problem has been one of the reasons that have troubled the development of the world and European governments. This paper will mainly discuss the inevitable discrimination factors of the French and German governments when they adopt refugee policies in line with their national conditions to deal with the crisis. Both France and Germany belong to the European continent and have similar historical, cultural and geographical environment. They have made significant contributions in coping with the refugee crisis, shouldered the responsibilities of major countries, and tried to avoid the occurrence of discrimination in the process of policy adjustment. Comparing the policy adjustment of the two countries in this respect is conducive to absorbing valuable experience, which is of great reference and educational significance. This paper uses the method of comparative analysis to explore the gradual improvement trend of policy adjustment in the two countries in response to the emergence of refugee discrimination. In conclusion, French and Germany governments not only promulgate discriminatory policies, unaware of the discrimination embedded In them, but also intentionally impose them to restrict refugee and asylum-seekers. Therefore, this paper calls for more nondiscriminatory policies that meet both the interests of refugees and non-refugee people and promote integration of refugees.

Transforming Public Health Data Systems to Advance the Population's Health.

Policy Points Accurate and reliable data systems are critical for delivering the essential services and foundational capabilities of public health for a 21st -century public health infrastructure. Chronic underfunding, workforce shortages, and operational silos limit the effectiveness of America's public health data systems, with the country's anemic response to COVID-19 highlighting the results of long-standing infrastructure gaps. As the public health sector begins an unprecedented data modernization effort, scholars and policymakers should ensure ongoing reforms are aligned with the five components of an ideal public health data system: outcomes and equity oriented, actionable, interoperable, collaborative, and grounded in a robust public health system.

The place of academia and industry in the adoption and adaptation of educational technologies for a post-COVID-19 recovery in Africa

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted livelihoods on different fronts and at varying degrees globally. The global education sector was one of the key sectors that bore the heaviest brunt, particularly in the teaching and learning delivery modes. For instance, digital educational technologies became vital methods for teaching and learning. In response, a number of initiatives were adopted by countries to lend insight into how to cope with the emergent challenges, as well as how to alleviate the challenges brought about by the pandemic for post-COVID-19 recovery and growth. In this paper, we explore the contribution of industry and academia to post-COVID-19 recovery and growth, with a special focus on education technologies (ICT)’s adoption and promotion of entrepreneurial efforts in Africa. To attain the paper's objective, we used a scoping review approach to obtain crucial literature from credible and relevant databases to demonstrate and deliver succinct, stronger, clear, and clarified findings on the areas of focus. Additionally, we visited websites of certain international organizations that supported sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically focusing on responses targeting the education sector. The findings highlighted in this paper reveal that both academia and industry have a significant contribution to building back better efforts for a post-COVID-19 recovery and growth. Such efforts operate within the realms of adoption and adaptation of technology in the education sector, and increased emphasis on involvement in entrepreneurship practices. The paper also offers salient recommendations on how to better improve academia and industry's involvement in post-COVID-19 recovery and growth efforts.

Reproducing crises: Understanding the role of law in the COVID‐19 global pandemic

AbstractGovernmental responses to the COVID‐19 global pandemic have generated numerous constitutionals, policy, legal, and political‐economic debates. Scholarly engagements with the sociolegal and policy consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic have been dominated by discussion on the role of emergency powers, the suspension of individual civil liberties, the suspension of economic rules in order to guarantee economic survival, and social regulation of public spaces and of workplaces. This paper aims to explore how a critical sociolegal scholarship can contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of the role of law in creating the unequal conditions that propitiated the COVID‐19 pandemic and that might enable further crises. This introduction offers a roadmap for theorizing the limits of law, the operationalization of emergency powers and the different policies implemented by global south and north countries in response to the pandemic. This introduction is structured as follow: (1) provides a general overview of the law and society tradition and its engagement with the COVID‐19 pandemic; (2) engages with three key consequences of the pandemic, labor, and the lockdown; colonial implications; and the limits of law; (3) introduces the papers in this special issue; (4) sketches a proposal for the critical sociolegal scholarship of law and crises.

Leadership and power dynamics in crisis management: implication for brain-drain behaviour – Singaporean government experience during Covid-19

PurposeThis study explored how the Singaporean government responded to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis from early January 2020 to the end of May of the same year. It evaluated the capability of Singapore's leadership management in a crisis during the peak and ravaging period of the Covid-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilised a systematic design analysis approach, analysing Singaporean cases on the Covid-19 crisis using a systematic and narrative approach to underscore the country's response to the pandemic attack from January 2020 to May 2020.FindingsAgainst the backdrop of Singapore's peculiar political system of government dominated by the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) and culture of bureaucracy, the government has increasingly executed several control measures, including strict travel bans, contact tracing, the circuit breaker–lockdown, mask-wearing, social distancing orders as well as financial support to businesses and employees from top to the bottom in the country. However, the treatment and health issues of the migrant workers in the dormitories continue to be the major concern among academics and scholars. At the same time, policy inadequacies truncate the excellent measure of Singapore's response to Covid-19. The case point review concluded that the mortality rate in Singapore remains low compared to other nations of the world. Singapore's case points unveil fundamental learning that an excellent leadership-driven harmonised strategic model is essential for crisis management in any society. The finding of the analysis demonstrated that Singapore adopted a contingency and value-based leadership model to advance good governance and tackle the spread of the deadly coronavirus in its country.Originality/valueThe study has demonstrated a profound analysis that has not been conducted hitherto. Investigation of the Singapore case point is not a popular analysis among Nigerian scholars. Therefore, from Nigeria's perspective, the study has showcased the good and the wrong sides of a coin in Singapore's leadership and power dynamic in crisis management.

FDI and Wellbeing: A Key Node Analysis for Psychological Health in Response to COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence.

Developing countries are primary destinations for FDI from emerging economies following the World Investment Report 2022, including destinations in OECD countries. Based on three theoretical lenses and case analyses, we argue that Chinese outward FDI has impacts on wellbeing in destination countries, and that this is an important issue for psychological health in response to COVID-19. Based on the super-efficiency DEA approach, our study investigated the impact of Chinese outward FDI on wellbeing in OECD countries. We also applied a Tabu search to identify country groups based on the relationship between Chinese outward FDI and wellbeing and we developed a key node analysis of the country groups using an immune algorithm. This research has implications for public administrators in global governance and could help shape FDI policies to improve psychological health of the destination countries in response to COVID-19.

Knowledge Attitude and Practice on Infection Prevention and Control of Healthcare Workers During Covid-19 In A Tertiary Hospital

Health care workers are the first to be on the front lines of the epidemic. Increased infection and mortality rates among health care workers will paralyze a country's response to the COVID-19 epidemic, and it will certainly have a significant long-term impact on health care delivery, especially in health systems that are already struggling with workforce shortages due to lack of skilled personnel, skilled labor migration, and geographic location. Assessing IPC knowledge, attitude, and practice remains important in determining the level of compliance with IPC measures.It is in this context that our study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care workers at Befelatanana University Hospital. Our population was predominantly female (n= 60; 57%) with a sex ratio of 0.76. The average age was 28 years with an extreme age of 21 and 57 years. More than a third of the staff interviewed were residents (n=42; 39.62%), followed by nurses and midwives. More than half had less than 5 years of work experience (n=60; 56.82%) and more than half also reported no training in ICC (n=63; 59%). The majority of health workers (n=103; 97.17%) had previous contact with a suspected and confirmed case (Covid-19). Of the health workers (n=69; 65.09%) contracted Covid-19 of which (n=62; 59%) were confirmed cases and (n=7; 6%) were suspected cases Our study revealed that more than one third of the participants had insufficient knowledge of hand hygiene (34.91%), almost half of the participants (42.45%) had insufficient knowledge of wearing PPE, insufficient knowledge of donning (35.85%), insufficient knowledge of removal (42.45%). We noted the non-compliance of IPC measures in their practices: the majority reported using surgical masks for more than 4 hours, very few CHWs (n=17; 21%) changed their masks every 8 hours and 29 (36%) . Only 37.71% (n=40) of participants performed a leak test on their FFP2 masks.The majority of staff (98.11%) reported using the gowns; half of the staff (53.17%) did not wash the cloth gowns. We found noncompliance in the use of face shields: 95.3% discarded face shields and 88.7%. We identified factors associated with contamination of healthcare workers, namely midwives/nurses, physicians, residents, and specialty residents, lack of knowledge of hand washing with alcohol-based disinfectant, lack of knowledge of the indication for gowns as universal precautions. Knowledge and skill deficiencies in terms of IPC during Covid- 19 was observed in our study. Thus, establishing a national IPC program and strengthening the training of health workers remains crucial to implement IPC measures at all levels of the health structure in order to reduce the spread of infection either before or during an outbreak . This allows each health worker to be better prepared for a potential outbreak.

The cost of war: Impact of sanctions on Russia following the invasion of Ukraine

We use a computable general equilibrium model of world trade to quantify the possible impact of economic sanctions imposed by Western and other countries in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. If sender countries chose 100 % import tariffs and export taxes on trade with Russia, Russia’s GDP would decline by 3–7 % due to the resulting significant reduction in exports. By contrast, the GDP loss for those countries would be 0.2 % for the European economies, but only about 0.05 % for Japan. Although unlikely, the effect of China’s participation in the sanctions would be more significant than that of India. There are concerns about food and energy crises due to economic sanctions against Russia, but the effect on food supplies would not be a serious problem for either senders or third parties. The impact on energy supplies would affect all senders to some extent; for example, there would be a 3% reduction of energy consumption and a 3–4 % rise in electricity and town gas prices in Japan.

체제전환 이후 발틱 3국의 실업과 빈곤, 그리고 사회정책적 대응

The purpose of this study is to identify the patterns of unemployment and poverty experienced after systemic transition in the three Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and social policy responses to solve them, using literature analysis and non-face-to-face interview methods. As a result of the analysis, the three Baltic countries were exposed to the social problems of unemployment and poverty in the process of introducing a radical market economy system, and the social policies to solve them were unemployment assistance (1991), unemployment insurance (1996 and 2002), It was the ALMP (early 2000s), the poverty policy (early 2000s) with definitions and targets for poverty, and official poverty lines. The post-socialist social policies of the three Baltic countries in response to the realities of the socialist welfare system, such as concealed unemployment under full employment, formal job placement and weak vocational training, and the universalization of poverty hidden behind propaganda, were ex post and weak in policy effectiveness.

Comparison of Multinational Medical School Students Experiences in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis

Background: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries, and governments around the world have implemented different measures and guidelines for the containment and mitigation of the COVID-19 virus. In addition to implemented policies and initiatives, social media and personal beliefs have affected medical students’ social, emotional, financial, and academic stability and success both domestically and internationally. The objective of this study was to assess medical student's perspectives, attitudes, and insight in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and determine if differences exist between countries. Methods: This qualitative study, recruited students enrolled in the Global Seminar for Health and Environment elective course in their respective medical schools to complete a weekly, non-graded journaling assignment for 6 weeks. To measure outcomes, open-ended questions within the assignment asked students across four different countries questions regarding the COVID-19 pandemic including personal beliefs and knowledge, policies and initiatives within their country, global policies and initiatives, and social media presentations. Thematic analysis was then completed using the QCoder package in R Studio. Results: Both internationally and in the US, COVID-19 has had a large impact on medical students; however, their perspectives are distinct in personal beliefs, policies, and social media. International medical students believed that their country's COVID-19 response contained more restrictions than the global response, with the theme being expressed in 11 of 67 responses (16.4%) compared to 1 of 75 responses (1.3%) of US responses. This was enforced by the US medical students' views that the US had fewer COVID-19 restrictions. US medical students had a higher number of responses with the theme “more restrictions internationally” which was present in 21 of 75 responses (28%). US medical students were more likely to express a decrease in the number of academic opportunities and academic performance. The theme “decrease in academic opportunities and performance” was present in 15 of 75 US responses (20%) compared to 9 of 67 international responses (13.4%). A US response containing this theme was as follows: “I have had to adjust to a new way of doing school, mainly online, as well as coming to terms with the fact that I am not getting to experience many of the social aspects of medical school that I was looking forward to.” The US responses showed less of a mental health impact and expressed stronger negative views on how COVID-19 was handled with 40 of 75 US responses (53.3%) reporting the theme “need better initiatives and policies. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect medical students globally. The current study was limited by responses and student participation each week. Future studies aimed at analyzing specific COVID-19 policies around the world and the extent of the pandemic’s impact on mental health may provide greater insight into medical students' beliefs, attitudes, and well being which have been challenged over the last year. Regardless, it must be acknowledged that the medical school experience has changed for both international and United States medical students and affected them not only academically but mentally, socially, and financially.

The Success of the Vaccine Policy in Treating Covid-19 in Indonesia

The Covid-19 pandemic has created new problems for various countries hit by this pandemic, especially regarding how the country’s efforts are to pre- vent and stop the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic so that it does not become wider and cause more victims. The covid-19 vaccine is one of the policies taken by many countries in response to the covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to find out how successful the vaccination policy was in handling the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is Literature Review, the data used is to collect several research papers related to the covid-19 vaccination policy. The results of the research related to the success of the vaccination policy as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia can be said to be successful, because the level of attainment of vaccine doses continues to increase, then positive cases of COVID-19 continue to sag, although there are still pros and cons in the community, and there are also cases of the public’s distrust of the covid-19 vaccine, the biggest obstacle due to the lack of clarity of information regarding the corona vaccination, these obstacles can be input for the government to further accelerate the vaccination program. The government itself has targeted vaccination to reach 2 million doses a day, and also the occurrence of public distrust with the covid-19 vaccine.

COVID-19 and the Environmental Regulatory Response: Compendium of Regulatory, Ad Hoc Changes and Implications

Using open source and official documents, we documented and analyzed changes in environmental regulations in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We accumulated 71 such regulatory changes across 29 countries, spanning several environmental sectors, between March and July 2020. The objective of our analysis is to characterize trends, impacts and implications of regulatory changes adopted in response to COVID-19. Our analysis contributes to understanding the types and nature of changes that the pandemic may induce in environmental policy through behavioral changes and resource use. Examination of the data shows that countries around the globe largely pursued rollbacks and enforcement relief in response to COVID-19. However, developing countries in our data were more likely to tighten environmental regulations compared to developed economies, where steps towards deregulation dominated regulatory changes. The data also shows that actions in the energy sector were geared toward deregulation. Air quality and biodiversity regulations were rolled back in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, despite rising concerns about the links between the coronavirus and pollution, wildlife, and habitat destruction. It can be concluded that the nature and type of changes in environmental regulations across countries in response to COVID-19 depended on a country’s economic development status and that the degree of regulatory changes across different sectors was driven by the differences in the social and economic impacts of the pandemic.

The Gas and Brake Policy: Indonesia's COVID-19 Securitization Dilemmas

AbstractIndonesia, like many other countries, has encountered a slew of social, political, economic, and public health challenges in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to these challenges, the Indonesian government implemented security measures by instituting large-scale social restrictions (Indonesian: Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar) and, later, micro-scale social restrictions (Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat) to restrict people's mobility and virus transmission. Using securitisation theory as a framework, this article examines how the nationwide dilemma between public health and economic security arose. Based on official documents, government papers, and political speeches, this study reveals how the country's COVID-19 responses were largely defined by carefully constructed and flexible measures known as the ‘gas and brake’ policy (Kebijakan Gas dan Rem), which were aimed at resolving the health-economic dilemma. This policy is deemed appropriate given the country's limited public health and economic resources, despite the fact that many argue that such an approach reflects indecisiveness and a lack of coordination among the country's authorities. This article also demonstrates that policymakers in Indonesia use this policy to resolve the securitisation dilemma by reinforcing the hierarchical ordering of security sectors as a readjustment strategy. The policy is used to justify tightening or easing social restrictions by changing the security narrative throughout the pandemic.

Commentary on: Prats M, Raymond S, Gasman I. Religious radicalization and lone‐actor terrorism: A matter for psychiatry? J Forensic Sci. 2019;64(4):1253–8. doi: 10.1111/1556‐4029.13992

The topic of the role of the psychiatrist in preventing radicalization and acts of terrorism is a contentious one [1, 2]. We read with great curiosity the case report by Prats et al. entitled “Religious Radicalization and Lone-Actor Terrorism: A Matter for Psychiatry?” [3], where the authors did an excellent job at summarizing the current literature on terrorism from a psychopathologic perspective. In their case report, they described a young patient who became vested in “extremist Islamic ideology” on the background of a likely primary psychotic disorder. While we appreciate the authors' insight into this issue, we believe it is vital to ensure the choice of language used reflects the sensitive intersection that exists between religiosity and extremism. There are two important problems within this paper. First, the authors did not define the term “jihad” in their case report. Although this may have been the term that the patient himself had used, it is important to define it properly so as to adequately contextualize it within the Islamic framework. By definition, jihad literally means a “struggle,” and Muslims use it to describe any action related to bettering the community or oneself [4]. However, many individuals have a limited understanding of this term and only comprehend it in a radical sense, equating it solely to violence and terrorist attacks [5]. As the authors point out, only about a third of lone-actor terrorists are religiously motivated [3, 6], and the usage of politically charged terminology without adequate definitions only serves to further stigmatize the Muslim population by automatically equating it to extremist ideology. This is especially important in the field of forensic psychiatry, as Muslims are overrepresented in European correctional systems [7]. As such, it is crucial that any paper addressing radicalization define this term properly or avoid its usage altogether. Second, as an example of a cause for hospitalization in a secure unit, the authors state that “if a patient shouts ‘Allah Akbar,’ the question of his/her hospitalization in a secure unit emerges” [3]. Again, when using terms from the Islamic lexicon, especially ones that have been pejorated into a term of hostility and associated with terrorists [8], it is critical to define them beforehand. The phrase “Allahu akbar,” also known as the “takbir,” signifies “God is the greatest.” In this sense, it is used to celebrate times of joy, to declare support to a speaker, or to express awe, among the many other ways it is used across the spectrum of human emotion [8]. Therefore, the authors' suggestion that the usage of this term is pathologic and should make the psychiatrist consider hospitalizing the one who said it is problematic. Indeed, despite the innocence of the phrase, it has become a greatly politicized term. It is not uncommon for members of the public to associate any usage of the takbir to terrorism, with Muslims often being automatically seen as perpetrators of terrorist actions [9, 10]. Thus, if such an unjustly contentious term is to be used in an academic paper, it is crucial for it to be properly defined so as to not support the negative stereotyping of Muslims. The issue of radicalization and terrorism is important to explore from a psychiatric lens, as there may be a role for our profession to play in preventing loss of life. Given the sensitive nature of this matter, it must be approached sensibly and objectively. In addition, the heedless use of language that stereotypes Muslims may lead to only recognizing members of the Islamic faith as terrorists. For example, there were notable controversies surrounding the Anders Breivik case in Norway. The country's response to this mass murderer was in stark contrast to their approach to “Islamist” terrorists, and the legal process even included a controversial forensic psychiatry report [11]. If we do not approach this issue with the sensitivity that it deserves, it is possible that our lack of diligence will lead to missing instances of radicalization as well as harm to our Muslim patients, especially those under the forensic system. This is in part a reflection of the lack of training we receive in this area, highlighting the need for further discussion and research.

Problems and prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China

The article considers current problems and prospects of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. An important role in the progressive development of the whole complex of relations between the countries is played by trade and economic relations, which in recent years have shown significant progress due to the complementary dynamic development of the economies, geographical proximity, and the implementation of large-scale reforms of both countries in response to the political and economic problems occurring in the world. In this regard, the authors carried out research work on the topic of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China. In the course of the study, there were identified key problems of bilateral interaction, and ways of developing contacts between the two countries in the areas of trade, industry, infrastructure, market expansion, and regional cooperation. The analysis shows that the current dynamics of development of trade and economics, investment, energy, transport, and other spheres make it possible to optimistically build further cooperation between the countries. That is why the solution to the problematic issues will make it possible to plan the development of mutually beneficial cooperation in such perspective directions as hydrogen energy, cross-border trade, electronic commerce, tourism, science and technology sphere, and others meeting the requirements of national interests of the two neighboring and friendly states.

International Comparison on Economics Impact from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Policy Analysis

In the most recent Covid-19 pandemic, there was historical economic pressure placed on the world. Countries and governments were required to prepare themselves for the upcoming economic shock that would close the doors to businesses, halt gross domestic product (GDP) growth, and spike inflation rates. The four countries of the United States, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and Australia all produced some methods of early economic response to the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, not all parameters taken towards mitigating the pandemic economic effects proved effective. In order to understand how effective some of these responses were, each country's Gross Domestic Product, Inflation Rate, Gross National Income, Unemployment Rate, and Manufacturing output were tracked along with the recorded cases and deaths from Covid-19. In addition, each country's pre-pandemic responses were also identified to understand how these countries reacted in preparation for the pandemic and to determine if those responses were effective. The data shows in the varying conditions that countries which was suffering from a falling gross domestic product growth rate and a relatively meager inflation rate were significantly bolstered by the pandemic to much more favorable levels without much shock to unemployment. The research also discovered the negative relationship between the pandemic prevention polices and potential economic growth.

The roles of emergency medical teams in response to Samoa's 2019 measles outbreak.

On 15 November 2019, Samoa's Government declared a state of emergency in response to a rapidly worsening measles outbreak. The outbreak overwhelmed Samoa's health system, necessitating international assistance, including from emergency medical teams (EMTs). Measles spread globally throughout 2019, with cases rising by more than 300% in the first quarter of 2019, as compared with 2018. Given Samoa's low immunization coverage with a measles-containing vaccine at the time, at 40% for the first dose and 28% for the second, the country was soon overwhelmed with measles cases, hospitalizations and deaths. Following a request for international assistance, 18 EMTs from around the world deployed to Samoa, bringing more than 550 additional clinical, public health and logistics personnel to the country's measles response. Working alongside Samoan health workers, EMTs provided critical surge assistance in clinical management, vaccination, surveillance, infection prevention and control, risk communication and community engagement, and mental health and psychosocial support. A total of 1867 hospitalized measles patients were treated from 30 September 2019 to 13 January 2020, with 83 measles-related deaths recorded. EMTs provided essential surge support across Samoa's health system during the most acute phase of the response, helping to care for the ill and control the outbreak. Samoa's measles response triggered a large-scale and unique EMT activation, with teams integrated into Samoa's hospitals and health centres. The response demonstrated the critical role that EMTs can play in outbreak response and the importance of strong coordination to ensure optimal use of international clinical surge support by a health system in crisis.

Analisis Pengaruh Penerapan Protokol Kesehatan Dan Psikologis Terhadap Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan Ke Bali Selama Pandemi Covid-19

The world is currently faced with the problem of the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The outbreak that appeared in Wuhan, China, was first reported to WHO on December 31, 2019. The cases and victims of Covid-19 spread across various countries indicate that Covid-19 has become a global problem, and has had an impact on international activities, such as the economy and the economy. various other activities. The global COVID-19 pandemic has created new problems for nation-states, especially regarding how the state's efforts to prevent and stop the spread of this virus from spreading further. Social vaccines such as social distancing and lockdown policies are also carried out by countries in response to this emergency situation. The rapid growth of the tourism industry in Indonesia is a fairly complex challenge in providing a sense of comfort and safety for tourists. This study aims to determine the factors that influence tourist interest in traveling. In this study, the data collected was tested using Partial Least Square (PLS) on 90 respondents. The sample of this study used purposive sampling. The results obtained are that statistical data analysis shows that health protocols positively and significantly affect visiting interest. The t statistic is 3.470 > t table 1.96. In addition, p-values of 0.001 <0.05 were obtained, indicating that health protocols affect the interest of visiting tourists to Bali. The results of statistical data analysis showed that psychology affected the interest in visiting in a positive and significant way. The t statistic is 3.016 > t table 1.96. In addition, p values of 0.003 < 0.05 were obtained. So that it shows that psychology has an effect on the interest of visiting tourists to Bali.

Impact of the COVID-19 on electricity consumption of open university campus buildings – The case of Twente University in the Netherlands

Since the COVID-19 outbreak, the restrictive policies enacted by countries in response to the epidemic have led to changes in the movement of people in public places, which has had a direct impact on the use and energy consumption of various public buildings. This study was based on electricity consumption data for 25 on-campus public buildings at 1-hour intervals between January 2020 and June 2022 at Tewnte University in the Netherlands, and after the data were climate-corrected by multiple regression analysis, the changes in EU and EUI for various types of buildings were compared for different restriction periods using ANOVA, LSD and t-tests. And additionally, further analyzed the changes and reasons for the electricity consumption of various public buildings on campus and customers' electricity consumption behavior in a period of time after the lifting of the epidemic restriction policy. The results of ANOVA analysis show that the restriction policy has a significant effect on teaching, sports, and cultural buildings, and the electricity intensity of the three types of buildings is reduced by 0.28, 0.09, and 0.07 kwh/m2/day respectively under the strict restriction policy; The t-test results show that during the restriction period, all building types, except for living and academic buildings, show a significant decreasing trend, with the teaching buildings having the greatest energy saving potential, with an average daily EU reduction of 1088kwh/day and an EUI reduction of 0.075kwh/ m2/day. The above findings provide a case study of a complete cycle of energy consumption changes in university buildings under similar epidemic restriction policies before and after the epidemic restriction, and inform the electricity allocation policies of university and government energy management authorities.