Resilience Of Countries Research Articles

Políticas gubernamentales en pandemia y el Plan Nacional de Competitividad y Productividad

The study presents an analysis of government policies implemented during the pandemic in Peru and their impact on the National Plan for Competitiveness and Productivity (PNCP). Measures taken in areas such as health, economy, education, and security are examined, highlighting their comprehensiveness and the progress observed until June 2024. Despite challenges, significant compliance with PNCP objectives was achieved, reflecting the country's resilience. The study demonstrates the crucial influence of government policies on long-term competitiveness and productivity. Future research on the long-term economic and social impact of these policies is suggested, along with possible additional strategies to enhance governmental response to similar crises.

Impact of Internet and mobile communication on cyber resilience: A multivariate adaptive regression spline modeling approach

The spread of broadband Internet and the availability of mobile communication services expand access to digital services for businesses and the public alike. However, at the same time, it aggravates the problem of ensuring digital space security, protection against cyber threats, and the fight against cybercrime. This research aims to calculate the index of a country's resilience to cyber-hacking for 143 countries, to divide these countries into groups based on this resilience (high, above-average, average, below-average, and low), compare these results with those obtained on the basis of National Cyber Security Index (NCSI), and to identify the impact of the Internet and mobile communication prevalence in a country on this level. The selection of the countries is based on the availability of statistical data for 2022 in the databases of the Surfshark VPN service, and the International Telecommunication Union. The integral index of a country's resilience to cyber-hacking is calculated through the multiplicative convolution (with weighted geometric mean) of the number of breached accounts, the Internet penetration probability (penetration into users’ data through the Internet), and the breach density per thousand users. The influence of active mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants), mobile broadband basket (% of Gross National Income Per Capita), mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants), and total fixed broadband subscriptions on the integral index of a country's resilience to cyber-hacking is investigated using multivariate adaptive regression spline. According to the calculations, France, Iceland, Montenegro, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates were the least resistant to cyber hacking in 2022. For countries with high, above-average, and below-average levels of resilience to cyber-hacking, the most relevant factor is the number of active mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants). For countries with an average level, it is total fixed broadband subscriptions.

Gerakan Literasi Fisik Anti Malas Bergerak di Sekolah Master Indonesia

The younger generation, as the nation's future, must receive special attention, particularly regarding health. The health development of children and adolescents significantly impacts a country's resilience. One approach to enhancing physical activity in schools is through the concept of physical literacy. Similar to general literacy, physical literacy aims to raise awareness and understanding of the importance of physical activity for health. This concept is intended to be maintained throughout life and significantly influences an individual's participation in physical activities. Consequently, this community service program aims to foster physical literacy, increase awareness of the benefits of physical activity for health, and provide enjoyable physical activity experiences. The program was conducted at the Indonesian Master's School with 32 participants aged 12-15. Activities included the physical literacy assessment by filling out a questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, health education, gymnastics, games, providing a poster, and a follow-up plan in the form of health promotion through the digital platform. The results of physical activity assessment and evaluation through pre-test and post-test indicated that participants were aware of the importance of physical activity. Although awareness of physical activity is good among the majority of participants, the application of physical activity in daily life needs to be improved. In fact, Indonesian people tend to engage in low levels of physical activity, which can lead to increased rates of obesity as well as the risk of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Brain gain and country's resilience: A dependency analysis exemplified by OECD countries

Research background: In the light of growing demand for highly skilled workers, driven by rapid changes in the labour market and business environment, the ability to attract the talented determines not only business performance, but also macroeconomic development prospects. This stimulates national governments to create positive conditions for the development and use of the human capital of migrants. One of the most important factors of brain gain can be country stability as a sign of a comfortable environment for the realisation of intellectual potential. Purpose of the article: The study aims to investigate the links between the factors of country’s resilience and brain gain, including its partial indicators. Methods: For a comprehensive assessment, migration indicators were used by categories of talented migrants: highly educated workers, foreign entrepreneurs, university students and start-up founders that we integrated into an integral index of intellectual migration. The data was collected for OECD countries for 2023. The authors used the methods of statistical and correlation-regression analysis, economic-mathematical modelling in the GRETL software environment. Findings & value added: Research has shown that the components of country’s resilience (especially Economic resilience and Supply chain) have a positive effect on brain gain. Considering the partial indicators of brain gain, it is found that resilience in the country of destination has the greatest influence on the migration decisions of highly educated workers and foreign entrepreneurs, i.e. migrants with a positive experience of economic activity and entrepreneurial capital, which, in turn, strengthens the resilience and competitiveness of countries. Such conclusions are important for the improvement of brain gain management programs in terms of the development of the environment for the attraction and retention of talents.

Climate Change Adaptation in Ecuador: Analysis of the Regulatory Framework and its Alignment with International Standards

INTRODUCTION. Climate change poses one of the most critical challenges of the 21st century, impacting all sectors of society. OBJECTIVE. To characterize Ecuador's political, normative, and regulatory framework for climate change adaptation in accordance with international standards. METHOD. A review of relevant secondary and documentary sources was conducted at international, regional, and national levels. This process involved examining secondary literature, identifying current regulatory frameworks, and synthesizing the theoretical framework across these levels. RESULTS. Ecuador has ratified the Paris Agreement and adopted the 2030 Agenda, integrating climate adaptation into national policies such as the National Climate Change Strategy (ENCC) and the National Adaptation Plan (PNA). Challenges include limited financial resources, accurate climate information, and inter-institutional coordination. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The review underscores the necessity of embedding adaptation measures into national policies to enhance the country's resilience, ensuring alignment with international commitments. Normative coherence from local to global scales is crucial for effective climate change adaptation.

Provincial-scale assessment of vulnerability and resilience to drought in China

Frequent droughts have caused severe disaster losses in China. Such events can be minimized by enhancing the country's resilience and reducing its vulnerability, where this can ensure socioeconomic stability and sustainable development. Evaluating the vulnerability and resilience to drought is thus crucial for effectively managing the risk of disasters and promoting sustainable socioeconomic development. In this study, we constructed a comprehensive framework to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of China's vulnerability and resilience to drought at the provincial scale from an input-output perspective by using the Super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and the Super-efficiency Slacks-Based Measure DEA (SBM-DEA) model. This study focused on drought drivers, the disaster-forming environment, drought bearers, disaster intensity, and recovery. The results showed that the vulnerability to drought of 42 % of China's provinces decreased from 2010 to 2022, that of only 29 % of the provinces increased, while the status of a majority of provinces improved in general. The center of gravity of the vulnerability to drought moved toward the southwest over time and a spatial clustering of vulnerability was observed, with High-High clusters moving from the north to the south. Moreover, the resilience to drought declined in 36 % of provinces and increased in only 20 %, reflecting poor resilience overall. The center of gravity of China's overall resilience to drought moved northward, with a relatively stable spatial pattern and prominent clusters of Low-Low resilience indicating a pressing need for improvement. Areas with high vulnerability and low resilience were concentrated in inland western and eastern regions, and this highlights the importance of drought prevention and mitigation in provinces like Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, and Fujian. The findings here provide valuable insights for mitigating the risk of drought and promoting sustainable socioeconomic development.

ESG criteria in green rebuilding of Ukraine

The historical retrospective of the construction industry shows a tendency to move to a qualitatively new level after crises and global upheaval. Global markets are currently being reformatted to reflect new investment priorities, where environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria are gaining essential importance, and Ukraine is at the center of global transformations. Ukraine's post-war reconstruction plans include the use of green innovative technologies, as the formation of a green economy is the basis of the European Union Association Agreement. The concept of "green recovery" has become widespread, as investments in low-carbon technologies strengthen the country's resilience. Implementation of green building principles saves resources and energy, stimulates innovation and competitiveness, and increases the confidence of investors and increasingly conscious consumers. Current international trends are moving towards global decarbonization of the world economy and the widespread implementation of ESG non-financial reporting standards to screen and increase transparency of business. The construction sector plays a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, given the significant economic, environmental and social impacts of the construction industry. The requirements for decarbonization, safety and well-being of buildings are growing, and the increasing volume and complexity of data requires new tools and approaches. The application of ESG principles involves the creation of long-term sustainable value in the interests of the company and its stakeholders. In the construction sector, ESG factors are crucial for determining the overall value and potential of a property, which helps investors to obtain more information for decision-making and risk assessment. The use of (ESG) indicators ensures transparency, objectivity and measurability of the company's performance. Businesses that demonstrate concrete commitments to sustainable development will become undisputed leaders in their industries in the next 30 years and will gain access to investment capital. On the other hand, companies that do not take care of compliance with international standards in a timely manner risk losing business in the medium term.

Factors of foreign trade resilience on the example of the North Europe countries. Ability to recover

The article analyses the factors of foreign trade resilience of countries, as well as makes their quantitative assessment on the example of the North Europe countries. These factors are divided into two large groups: reflecting the country's resilience and characterising its ability to recover. The factors described in this article are divided into congenital and acquired. This article is devoted to the analysis of only those factors that characterise the ability to recover. Mutual trade dependence and flexibility of the structure of the economy of the exporter's home region are identified as innate. And as acquired - diversification of trade relations, redundancy in the trading network, its modularity. Indicators to help characterise these factors are calculated for the North Europe countries. As a result, a picture of foreign trade resilience was obtained in terms of the ability of these countries to recover after shocks. The import and export positions of Finland, Sweden and Denmark in this regard turned out to be quite strong. This situation has become possible due to their wide specialisation, high diversification of trade networks, as well as the high redundancy of the EU-27 trade network. The situation in Norway and Iceland appeared to be less stable due to the fact that they have a pronounced foreign trade specialisation. These factors should theoretically contribute to a relatively high rate of recovery of foreign trade of the country in question after shocks. This was confirmed by the correlation coefficient calculated for them and the elasticity of a foreign trade.

The Changing Landscape of Corporate Social Responsibility in India Pre & Post Covid- 19

All beings in the world are directly or indirectly related to society, and the most significant entity is a human being who bears the greatest duty to the society of which he or she is a member. Like human beings, companies are also seen as major contributors among the important segments of business houses since, like other entities, they utilize resources from society for manufacturing while also relying on society for revenue. When the COVID-19 crisis was encountered by society, the pandemic conditions led to an increase in people’s expectations of corporate entities to provide assistance. As the COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be exceptionally critical for the entire world, it has affected major sections of India, and problems have been observed in every aspect, including the physical, mental, economic, social, and so on. In such difficult situations, people started placing high expectations on many corporate entities to provide assistance in any manner they could. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in India has undergone a remarkable transition as a result of the unprecedented problems posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 crisis has highlighted the critical role of companies in responding to social needs and special situations. Companies have rapidly shifted their CSR efforts to healthcare, hygiene, and social protection, reflecting a new urgency in contributing to the country's resilience. The objective of this study is to examine various definitions and descriptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR), as well as to describe in detail the evolution of CSR in India, and analyse the shifting of CSR paradigms in India during the pandemic, offering insights into how businesses have adapted their strategies and priorities before and after the pandemic and the analysis of CSR trends during COVID-19 and Immediate challenges posed by the pandemic on CSR activities.

Strengthening The Awareness Of State Defense Of The Millennial Generation Through Defense Management Against Economic Threats After The Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic that hit globally at the end of 2019 had a significant impact on the Indonesian economy. The PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy enacted at that time caused various economic problems such as increasing commodity prices in the market and increasing unemployment due to layoffs (Termination of Employment) which occurred due to the declining economic growth rate. This research uses a qualitative approach that aims to identify how the economic impact of the post-Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and outline how appropriate state defense efforts for the millennial generation to face economic threats as non-military threats that affect national resilience. The results of this study confirm that the concept of state defense efforts must be implemented gradually and continuously in order to instill awareness of state defense in the younger generation. This approach can be done through various channels, both through formal and non-formal education. Promoting the concept of universal defense by involving all potential national resources is key in strengthening national character building. This is done by fostering awareness and state defense skills for every Indonesian citizen, so that they are ready to become part of the human resources that defend the country. Moreover, this approach also strengthens national identity that is rooted in personality and culture based on the values of Pancasila. Given the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Indonesia's economy, including rising prices of basic necessities, high unemployment rates, and declining investment, it is important that we raise state defense awareness and educate Millennials about their role in maintaining the country's resilience.

Japan's Technology Investment Strategy And Innovative Approach To Enhancing Resilience And Sustainable Development In Indonesia

Technology and innovation play a crucial role in enhancing a country's resilience and sustainable development. Indonesia as a developing country has great potential to improve resilience and sustainable development through technology development and innovation. By adopting some of the technology investment strategies and innovative approaches that have been successfully implemented by Japan, Indonesia can accelerate progress and achieve sustainable development goals and simultaneously improve resilience in the face of disastersThis research uses descriptive qualitative methods through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and literature study. As for the selection of resource persons, the technique was carried out by purposive sampling in the activities of the Study Abroad (KKLN) of the Disaster Management Study Program of the Republic of Indonesia Defence University in 2023. By adopting several initiatives that have been successfully implemented by Japan, Indonesia can accelerate progress and achieve sustainable development goals. The implementation of Japan''s technology investment strategy in Indonesia can assist in the development and improvement of advanced early warning systems, which can provide quick and accurate information to the public about impending disaster threats.

From adversity to advancement: leveraging war-tested approaches for the post-conflict reformation of the Ukrainian healthcare landscape.

The Russo-Ukrainian Conflict has had significant repercussions on Ukraine's healthcare system, resulting in civilian casualties and damage to healthcare institutions. The disruption of personnel, medical supplies, and patient transportation has created considerable challenges for healthcare services. However, there are successful approaches from comparable contexts that can serve as a catalyst for post-conflict healthcare reformation in Ukraine. Key strategies include improving healthcare accessibility for marginalized populations through standardized essential health and surgical care packages, rehabilitating damaged facilities, strengthening primary care provisions, and supporting war survivors with disabilities. By adopting these proven practices, Ukraine can strengthen its healthcare system and facilitate a sustainable recovery, contributing to the country's resilience and ensuring essential healthcare services for its population.

Social resilience and disaster resilience: A strategy in disaster management efforts based on big data analysis in Indonesian's twitter users

Disasters have various causes, disaster management efforts, and actors involved. A systematic big data analysis is needed to identify social resilience to determine the quality of the country's resilience on disasters. This study aims to (1) determine perceptions about the causes of disasters and (2) understand perceptions of disaster management efforts. (3) identify actors involved in disasters. (4) analyze the relationship between social resilience and disaster resilience using large data sources. (5) formulate a disaster management. The research was conducted by describing in detail from the opinions of the twitter user community about disasters using the text mining method. The data retrieval and analysis process was carried out using Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) with MAXQDA series 2020, Gephi version 0.10.0 and SWOT analysis. The results of the study show: (1) Most of the perceptions of the causes of disasters are associated with religion; (2) Most of the perceptions about disaster management efforts are based on the application of disaster management at the recovery stage; and (3) The actors who are most involved in disaster management efforts are the security forces countries. (4) There is a strong relationship between social resilience and disaster resilience, as shown by each actor having a role in disaster management efforts. (5) There are nine formulations of development strategies in disaster management efforts. The limitation of this research is that it only uses big data from Twitter and social media sources. The implications of this research can be used as a reference for governments, organizations, communities, or others involved in disaster management efforts, especially in countries that have diversity and are prone to disasters.

Realising the future: Health challenges and achievements in Brazil

In the present paper, we take a critical public health perspective that accounts for social determinants of health and health inequalities to explore the challenges of healthcare — including mental healthcare — in Brazil. Brazil, which has been described as a country of continental dimensions, a country of contrasts, and the country of the future, was built on principles of exploitation of the land and of its people, and has faced many social, economic, and political challenges throughout its history. The creation of Brazil's Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde — SUS), providing universal healthcare free of charge at point of use, attests to the country's resilience. Despite many advances, several issues remain in the promotion, prevention, and care for physical and mental health problems. Particularly for mental health, the recent increased demand for services following the Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the system's vulnerability in terms of coverage and reach, with underserved groups including youths, females, LGBTQIA+, non-white, and low-income individuals. By taking advantage of the SUS installed infrastructure and strengthening the primary care model on which the system is based, the SUS can become the blueprint to consolidate and expand mental healthcare in Brazil.

Indicator-to-impact links to help improve agricultural drought preparedness in Thailand

Abstract. Droughts in Thailand are becoming more severe due to climate change. Developing a reliable drought monitoring and early warning system (DMEWS) is essential to strengthen a country's resilience to droughts. However, for a DMEWS to be valuable, the drought indicators provided to stakeholders must have relevance to tangible impacts on the ground. Here, we analyse drought indicator-to-impact relationships in Thailand, using a combination of correlation analysis and machine learning techniques (random forest). In the correlation analysis, we study the link between meteorological drought indicators and high-resolution remote sensing vegetation indices used as proxies for crop yield and forest growth impacts. Our analysis shows that this link varies depending on land use, season and region. The random forest models built to estimate regional crop productivity allow a more in-depth analysis of the crop- and region-specific importance of different drought indicators. The results highlight seasonal patterns of drought vulnerability for individual crops, usually linked to their growing season, although the effects are somewhat attenuated in irrigated regions. Integration of the approaches provides new, detailed knowledge of crop- and region-specific indicator-to-impact links, which can form the basis of targeted mitigation actions in an improved DMEWS in Thailand and could be applied to other parts of Southeast Asia and beyond.

Financial Crises and Climate Change.

Climate change is a big challenge of our time. While there is a bourgeoning literature on the economic impact of climate change, research on how financial crises affect climate change is limited. We empirically use the local projection method to empirically study the impact of past financial crises on climate change vulnerability and resilience indices. Using a dataset covering 178 countries over the period 1995-2019, we observe that resilience to climate change shocks has been increasing and that advanced economies are the least vulnerable. Our econometric results suggest that financial crises (particularly systematic banking ones) tend to lead to a short-run deterioration in a country's resilience to climate change. This effect is more pronounced in developing economies. In downturns, if an economy is hit by a financial crisis, vulnerability to climate change increases.

Diversification Through Promotion of Export-Oriented Production and “Green Transformation” in Azerbaijan

Diversification is an important component of the development of any economy. The reason for this is the increase in the country's resilience to external stimuli, which makes progress more gradual, constant and predictable. Thus, the study of the possibilities of diversifying the economy is very relevant, especially in today's geopolitical conditions. The purpose of the work was to analyse some methods of diversifying the economy of Azerbaijan, namely the development of export-oriented production and the implementation of the “green transformation”. Analysis became the main method in writing the article, but historical, modelling, deduction, abstract-logical methods also played an important role. Thus, the work examined and analysed the export of Azerbaijan, during which a significant dependence of the country on oil sales to foreign markets was revealed. Since such a prospect is dangerous for the sustainable development of the country, it is important to carry out certain measures aimed at increasing the diversification of its exports. First of all, they are associated with publicprivate partnerships, but they also take other forms, such as attracting investments and building infrastructure. In addition, the paper describes how the “green transformation” of the country can help achieve the goals of economic diversification and at what stage is the level of “greening” of the state economy; the paper also describes the prospects for the state in achieving these goals. The article brings new knowledge to understand the features of the functioning of the Azerbaijani economy, as well as to the theory of economic and sustainable development, as well as trade

COVID-19 economic policy response, resilience and tourism recovery

This study investigates whether tourism sector recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is influenced by only the size of the economic stimulus packages or whether a country's resilience plays a moderating influence in the underlying relationship. The results show that while economic stimulus packages help to enhance tourism recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, it is contingent on the level of a country's resilience. For instance, amongst the less resilient countries, the impact of economic policy response on the tourism recovery is more pronounced, but the effect dissipates as countries become more resilient. These findings have important implications for policymakers, management teams, and relevant stakeholders in their effort to revive the tourism sector from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Cadangan Devisa Periode 2000-2019

Foreign exchange reserves is foreign currencies that are reserved at the central bank for the purposes of financing development and foreign transactions such as imports, foreign debt payments, investments and other financing. Foreign exchange reserves are very influential on the economic activities of a country. The amount of foreign exchange reserves can be used as an indicator to assess the country's resilience in facing the economic crisis. This study aims to determine the impact of exports, imports, inflation, exchange rates, foreign investment and foreign debt on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves during the period 2000-2019 using the Ordinary Least Square approach. The results show that exports, foreign investment, and foreign debt have a positive effect on foreign exchange reserves, while imports and exchange rates have a negative effect on foreign exchange reserves. Meanwhile, inflation has no effect on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves during the 2000-2019 period.

The Importance of Education and the Evolution of Teaching in the Modern Era

Education is the main factor in all human activities. Education is an invaluable key factor in all aspects of individual social and environmental change. In this context, giving importance to education is essential. Education is the true yardstick for measuring a country's resilience internationally. Education travels throughout the life of the individual. But when they learn in childhood, they become fully mature and become complete human beings so as to contribute to society. In present times, education is taught to students in many new ways. Education is the eternal wealth that people need. Education is about creating the right environment and bringing out the innate qualities of human beings. In today's age, education is taught through the internet, which is taught as clearly as a bell from the palm. Currently, the education system is conducted through the internet.