Privatization In Countries Research Articles

‘Good’ and ‘bad’ stem cell research: How India's scientists view providers of unproven stem cell treatments

In this article, I explore the opinions of India's stem cell scientists on unproven and unregulated stem cell treatment provision in the country's private health sector. Drawing on interviews, I describe three themes, namely ethical responsibility; exaggerated timelines for stem cell cures; and the scientific method to demonstrate how scientists make distinctions between themselves as producers of ‘good stem cell research’ and treatment providers who practice ‘bad stem cell research’. Excerpts from my interviews with treatment providers interrupt the discussions in the themes, offering insights on conflicting views of medical professionals. I analyse the themes using the conceptual framework of ‘boundary-work’ that Gieryn developed in order to examine how scientists respond to challenges to their intellectual authority in particular scientific fields. A policy environment that promotes product development posed a threat to the integrity of basic science according to stem cell scientists who simultaneously reflected on solutions to advancing India's stem cell field by promoting the role of clinician-researchers as mediators between medicine and science. According to Gieryn, depending on what is at stake such as funding and public support, scientists redraw boundaries in order to secure their position in relation to competing groups. In this instance, I argue that the expectations of translational research, demanded that scientists examine the boundaries drawn between themselves and clinicians with the purpose of also including the latter in stem cell science rather than for excluding contenders, as Gieryn's notion of boundary-work suggested.

A Study of Influenced Factors toward Student Loyalty Among Private Universities in Kedah

Up to half of Malaysia's private higher education institutions could be forced to close if the country's private higher education sector were to collapse, leaving only those with substantial financial support to remain open. More than half of the country's small businesses have shut down due to the Covid-19 coronavirus, which has almost likely pushed the country into recession. This has worsened the prognosis for the already troubled university sector. Hence, student loyalty is another proven solution in combating these challenges. The purpose of this research is to look into and analyse the impact of service quality, university image, student satisfaction, and loyalty at private universities in Kedah, Malaysia. As this paper is a pilot study, therefore 150 questionnaires were distributed to target respondents. SPSS was used to analyse the 86 samples of private university students in the northern region of Malaysia. Findings postulate that only service quality, commitment and satisfaction affect a loyalty among private university student in northern region. This study helps institutions, teachers, and policymakers understand what makes private university students want for them to keep loyal with the universities.

Climate and sustainability co-governance in Kenya: A multi-criteria analysis of stakeholders' perceptions and consensus

The Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development embody highly intertwined targets to act for climate in conjunction with sustainable development. This, however, entails different meanings and challenges across the world. Kenya, in particular, needs to address serious sustainability threats, like poverty and lack of modern and affordable energy access. This study uses a multi-criteria group decision aid and consensus measuring framework, to integrate both agendas, and engages with Kenyan stakeholders to help inform future mitigation research and policy in the country. Results showed that stakeholders highlight topics largely underrepresented in model-based mitigation analysis, such as biodiversity preservation and demand-side transformations, while pointing to gaps in cross-sectoral policies in relation to access to modern energy, agriculture, life on land, and climate change mitigation. With numerous past and recent policies aiming at these issues, persistent stakeholder concerns over these topics hint at limited success. Sectoral and technological priorities only recently emphasised in Kenyan policy efforts are also correlated with stakeholders' concerns, highlighting that progress is not only a matter of legislation, but also of coordination, consistency of targets, and comprehensibility. Higher bias is found among the preferences of stakeholders coming from the country's private sector. Results from this exercise can inform national policymakers on effectively reshaping the future direction of the country, as well as modelling efforts aimed at underpinning Kenya's energy, climate and sustainable development policy.

Nursing organisation during COVID-19: experiences of an unaided, not-for-profit quaternary care teaching hospital in India.

India reported its index case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January 2020 and since then there has been an alarming rise in cases. In response to the worsening pandemic and the challenge presented by COVID-19 for hospitals in the public sector, the Government of India asked the country's private hospitals to reserve a percentage of their beds for COVID-19 patients. This article describes how nursing services at the Christian Medical College, Vellore - an unaided, not-for-profit quaternary care teaching hospital in Tamil Nadu, India - addressed various challenges to ensure a sustained, high-quality nursing care response to increased patient load. The main challenges included changing COVID-19 policies, ensuring the hospital was prepared to care for COVID-19 patients, and ensuring the availability of nurses. The article demonstrates how proactive planning, empowered involvement of nursing leaders and collaborative efforts resulted in deployment and training of 1,400 nurses, and ensured coordinated care for more than 10,000 patients with COVID-19.

Recontextualization of Ideologies: A Critical Study of Tabooed Representation in Pakistani TV Dramas

Taboo is a religiously and socially prohibited practice. In a society, known for its conservative approach and attitude, several subjects have long not been discussed in a public discourse. This study explores how the media revolution of the 21st century is changing this situation by compromising and recontextualizing these taboos, as depicted through a text or talk. In recent years, the country's private TV industry has depicted some highly unpleasant topics in its dramas. The critical perspective of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe (1985) probes deeply into the discourse of TV dramas to uncover the hidden ideologies behind the words in broader social and cultural contexts. To show this change, this study analyzes six Pakistani dramas dealing with hitherto tabooed topics to reveal the pros and cons of the growing ideological trends in Pakistani TV Dramas. First, the study outlines the significance of drama in shaping and recontextualizing ideologies. Second, it outlines certain salient taboo features applicable to almost every play. Finally, it suggests a few improvements in a bid to make things better.

RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS IN THE FEDERATIVE REPUBLIC OF BRAZIL

Awarding procedure is not only limited to the final decision of the court of the stipulated country, likewise the Federative Republic of Brazil but also its significant procedural aspect for enforcing the arbitral decision. Practically, parties should enforce foreign arbitration awards without exception until it crosses the country's internal and external policy. The economic growth of a country demonstrates remarkable changing in legal behavior on enumerated country's private parties' activities as well. Trade relations among Brazilian companies have made a long way for dispute resolution. Addressing to sophisticated social approach to the legal nature of a stipulated country, it is not a surprising factor in applying the private international law demands in practice. The official government seeks a modern transparent approach to finalize and enforce foreign arbitral awards without reducing the freedom of activities of companies in the inner border and cross border transactions. All perspectives of legal nature and enforcement procedure on foreign arbitration awards in Brazil are not very harsh at first glance since as all parties are adequately applied to New York Convention 1958 on Enforcement of Foreign Arbitration Awards, however as all stereotypes on all jurisprudences, there are several weak points while applying a procedural background. This article analyzes and compares legal possibilities and challenges on the application of foreign arbitral awards in the Republic of Brazil. The findings figure out the stick points of procedural matters of enforcement of foreign arbitral awards and their complexity from the theoretical approach. The goal is achieved by solving several problems: - To research the procedure of enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in the Federative Republic of Brazil; - To identify the problems of procedural matters while enforcing the foreign arbitral awards; - To highlight the possible solutions and pathways for making easier the enforcement procedure of foreign arbitral awards in Brazil.

Government Facilitation of Private Higher Education in Bangladesh: The Partnership Approach

This study aimed to identify the key areas in which private universities in Bangladesh require government support, and to analyze the current sectoral context for delineating the optimal nature of required government facilitation. The country's private tertiary institutions are facing restrictive governance strategies at a time when effective government support is vital for enhancing private universities' increasingly important role in nation-building. This qualitative study was based on particular tenets of grounded theory, using open-ended, axial and selective coding for analyzing data collected from open-ended interviews and secondary sources. Interview participants were selected through purposive sampling on the basis of their administrative, policymaking and pedagogical roles in private higher education. The coded results showed the need for government support in the areas of quality assurance, curriculum standardization, research facilitation and faculty development through foresighted governance and policy approaches. The emergent theory of “the Partnership Approach” shows that instead of regulation-focused government interventions, collaborative and supportive governance policies are required for bolstering private higher education in Bangladesh.

People-centeredness in health system reform. Public perceptions of private and public hospitals in South Africa

INTRODUCTION: South Africa's planned National Health Insurance system seeks to transform and integrate public and private healthcare services, as part of wider efforts to realise universal health coverage. Ensuring quality, acceptable care is crucial for public buy-in to these changes. In this study the public perceptions of the country's private and state hospitals are explored. A better understanding may guide improvements in public sector services, and strengthen confidence and trust in health system reforms. METHODS: Eight qualitative focus group discussions were held with 54 participants delineated by race ('black' and 'white' South Africans) and experience (recent or indirect) of public and private hospital services. The views on quality of care, cleanliness, satisfaction, staff attitudes, origins of perceptions, and suggestions for improving state hospitals were explored. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Thematic content analysis revealed an almost-automatic initial perception that private hospitals are "good" and state hospitals "bad". However, on further exploration, a more nuanced understanding surfaced around the costs and affordability of private and public hospitals, and trust in and acceptability of health services. CONCLUSION: Health systems are also human systems, with personal encounters at their heart. In order to acceptably serve people and society, policy emphasis is needed to build a culture of person-centred care in the public sector. Key words: National Health Insurance, people-centeredness, health system reform, universal health coverage, public perceptions

The Analysis of the Present Situation of the Service for the People in the Private Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Fitness China

Healthy China as the proposed development of China's current physical education has given new meaning, but also to our country's private colleges and universities put forward the requirements of the times. As an important part of China's higher education, the private colleges and universities should take the initiative to assume their responsibilities in building a harmonious society. Sports fitness in private colleges and universities has important significance in cultivating students' sports consciousness and carrying out the national fitness. It is an important force to promote the national fitness. But the managed by the people university's sports fitness also has the teaching the establishment obsoletely, lacks the enough government to support, the sports constructs the body equipment comparatively backward and so on the limitations, urgent must have to carry on the managed by the people university sports fitness reform, from the expanded policy support, the fund channel, enhances the teaching standard, the optimized sports fitness environment and so on the various aspects diligently.

Not fit for Humans? Social and Economic Change in Slough 1919–1951

In the 25 years after the First World War, Slough's population quadrupled from 16,397 to 66,471, transforming it from an insignificant market town into the fastest growing industrial town in southern England. Aggressive expansion of the country's first private sector 'trading estate' provided employment that attracted tens of thousands of voluntary migrants from the distressed areas and elsewhere. Growth placed huge demands on local authorities, resulting in largely unplanned and uncoordinated urban development, with accompanying social challenges and a diminished sense of civic identity. Whether this represented an economic miracle or a demographic blight divided opinion: while Betjeman condemned it as unfit for human habitation, The Times commended Slough as 'a smart and prosperous centre of industry'. The positive and negative aspects of its growth influenced planners of the post-war era of nationalisation and other centralised initiatives.

The Use of Social Networking by Higher Education Institutions in Spain

The objective of this study was to analyse the use Spanish universities are making of the main social network today: Facebook. The research adapts to the Higher Education Institutions context an evaluation index denominated FAI that has been used in other areas. It applies the index to all of Spain's universities, making comparisons between them and the best universities in the world. The results show that Spanish universities' indices are far from the values obtained by the best international universities, and that the country's private universities have better results than the public ones. It is an intention of the work to contribute to the tools the marketing managers of higher education institutions might use in how they relate to social networks and to the opportunities and threats these pose.

Market facilitation by local government and firm efficiency: Evidence from China

We use data from a large survey of Chinese firms to investigate whether local government efforts to facilitate market development improve firm efficiency. Both government provision of information about products, markets, and innovation and government assistance in arranging loans are positively associated with firm efficiency, and those private firms with weak access to and knowledge of financial, input, and product markets benefit most from such assistance. These patterns are robust across multiple estimation approaches. Our examination of the determinants of local government facilitation also suggests that it gravitates toward promoting efficiency, though there are also indications that rent-seeking may play a role. Our evidence is consistent with the notion that government facilitation can help some firms overcome market failures in the early stages of a country's private sector development. Though causality is difficult to establish, we argue that changing fiscal dynamics that forced local governments to become increasingly self-reliant in generating revenue, and a government promotion system based on local economic performance, were key motivating factors for market facilitation by local government officials.

Venezuelan Higher Education: The Chavez Revolution

Hugo Chavez's clash with Venezuelan higher education is a vivid present-day example of a history of confrontation between leftist, populist regimes and higher education in Latin America. Chavez has transformed the public sector through creation and expansion of new universities. Chavez's policies have alienated the country's private institutions of higher education. Both public and private universities are reduced in importance.

Preparing for the future: science and technology in Australia

In common with other developed countries, Australia is confronted by problems and opportunities associated with the introduction of new technology. Australia has a relatively poor R&D performance by its manufacturing sector, with business enterprises accounting for an estimated 32% of the national R&D effort in 1984–5. Relatively little applied research and experimental development is conducted in Australia. Since the present Australian government came to office in 1983 science and technology have been increasingly seen as integral to any strategy for revitalizing and restructuring Australian industry. A goal has been to develop entrepreneurial skills and create industries which are export oriented, internationally competitive, and innovative. Taxation concessions ark now being used to help lift the country's private sector R&D performance and establish a stronger venture capital market. If Australia is to prepare successfully for the future it must consider social impacts as well as economic benefits when planning for the introduction of new technology. A Commission for the Future has been created to help stimulate discussion and debate on the social and economic policy options available to Australian decision makers and the community at large.

A Public-Private Partnership: The New York University-Health and Hospitals Corporation Clinical and Translational Science Institute

The NYU-HHC Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), directed by Drs. Judith Hochman and Bruce Cronstein, represents a strategic public-private alliance between two of New York's leading institutions in the service of the people of the city. New York University (“NYU”), founded in 1831, is the country's largest private university with 14 schools and over 40,000 students in New York City. The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (“HHC”) is the largest public health care delivery system in the United States, overseeing eleven acute-care hospitals, six diagnostic and treatment centers, four long term care centers, one hundred community health centers, a certified home health agency, and a managed care plan for 450,000 enrollees. In 2011, the HHC Emergency Departments alone provided care to more than one million patients. Of the eleven acute care hospitals, eight are included in the NYU-HHC CTSI: Bellevue Hospital Center, Coler-Goldwater Specialty Hospital and Nursing Facility, Coney Island Hospital, Gouverneur Diagnostic and Treatment Center, Kings County Hospital Center, Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Metropolitan Hospital Center and Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center. The CTSI offers multi-faceted support for clinical and translational research. Our Clinical Research Center is currently housed in a 3,200sf space within Bellevue Hospital but will soon move to a 9,000sf space that was newly renovated to better support the types of research carried out on our unit. The NYU-HHC CTSI has a strong educational component, supporting both degree-granting and certificate programs in Clinical Investigation, Comparative Effectiveness Research and Population Health. In addition, strong and successful programs designed to develop investigative careers by residents, fellows and junior faculty are in place. The Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics (CHIBI) offers state of the art informatics support for analysis of large datasets, examining best practices in informatics and examination of the success of analytic software. NYU School of Medicine has been in the forefront of efforts to forge academic-industry alliances with ongoing programs in collaboration with Pfizer and a strong history of developing technologies which have been licensed to Pharma where they were developed into therapies to benefit patients. One of the unique strengths of the NYU-HHC CTSI is our Community Engagement and Population Health Research Core which, in combination with the partnership with NYC Health and Hospitals Corporation, has the ability to promote community-based research in our diverse communities, determine the most pressing areas of research for each of our communities, and promote the well-being of the citizens of our great city.

Twisting the Women's Image and Participation of Female Journalists in Media: A Normative Analysis of the Bangladesh Scenario

Media in Bangladesh usually cover women issues in an insensitive and conventional manner. There are, however, situations where some women issues are over sensationalised in the media. The main reason behind this scenario is the want of female journalists in the Bangladesh media industry. While the families consider journalism as an insecure, hazardous and unsuitable career option for their girls, the industry management does also show a lack of interest in hiring women for their media houses. This is what happens in a male-dominated society. Despite this adverse situation, female students are increasingly showing interest in studying journalism and taking journalism as their profession. Competing with their male counterparts, many female students are obtaining degrees with excellent grades in journalism from the country's public and private universities. Considering the questionable portrayal of women in the media and the participation hazards for girls in journalism career, this paper examines why female students take journalism as their preferred subject of study in spite of drawbacks in the profession, and how they can overcome the stumbling blocks and change women's image among the people.

African Land, Up for Grabs

Sheikh Saudi and Ethiopia, Arabia, Mohammed where spends Hussein he his was time born Ali shuttling Al in a Amoudi, village between 64 a years citizen Riyadh ago. of Sheikh Saudi A abia, spends his time shuttlin between Ri adh d Ethiopia, where he was born i a village 64 ye rs ago. The son of a Yemeni father and Ethiopian mother, Al Amoudi boasts an estimated net worth of $10 billion. He is the richest Ethiopian and, according to Forbes, the 64th richest man in the world. Fortyfive years ago, he emigrated to Saudi Arabia and built his fortune in oil refineries and the booming construction industry. But Al Amoudi never lost touch with his homeland. In fact, Ethiopian real-estate has become a key part of his burgeoning portfolio. In 2009, Al Amoudi's company, Saudi Star Agricultural Development, signed long-term leases for nearly 25,000 acres in the country's northeastern regional state, Gambella, to produce

D’une improbable litterature européenne a la faible epaisseur historique de l’Union Européenne

Parler de “littérature européenne” relève pour une large part du vœu pieux ou d’une vision politique de la réalité. Malgré de multiples déclarations en faveur de la construction d’une Europe des nations, celle-ci vole en éclats dès que survient une crise un peu grave et qu’affleurent de nouveau les intérêts particuliers des uns et des autres. Le Parlement des écrivains a duré moins de dix ans et l’on ne peut dire qu’il fut un succès, son effacement traduisant l’essoufflement de ces rêves utopiques. Faute d’espérer pouvoir créer artificiellement une “littérature européenne”, il est préférable d’œuvrer en faveur de la reconnaissance de grandes littératures transnationales s’exprimant en anglais, français, espagnol, portugais, arabe, etc. et se nourrissant mutuellement de l’intégration de toutes les voix qui s’expriment dans chacune de ces langues, indépendamment de toute appartenance à un Etat ou une nation.

Internal Business Organisation in the Private Garment Industry in Vietnam: The Roles of Ethnicity, Origin and Location

This paper pinpoints important differences within the private sector in Vietnam. It shows that the country's private sector is much more heterogeneous than is often suggested, and attempts to reveal some of the causal mechanisms that cause this diversification. Theoretically, the paper draws on business system theory, particularly on that aspect of it that deals with internal business organisation, in order to examine the nature of and trends in relation to firm-level management and control. On this background, the paper uncovers a Vietnamese-owned segment in Hanoi, two different Vietnamese-owned segments in Ho Chi Minh City distinguished by the origins of their owners, and a Vietnamese Chinese-owned segment in Ho Chi Minh City.

Health care reform in Chile

Chile has maintained a dual health care system under which its citizens can voluntarily opt for coverage by either the public National Health Insurance Fund or any of the country's private health insurance companies. Currently, 68% of the population is covered by the public fund and 18% by private