GDP In Countries Research Articles

Impact of GDP and Inflation on Stock Market Performance in Nepal and Sri Lanka: A Comparative study of NEPSE and CSE index

The stock market is a complex phenomena that can be influenced by a myriad of factors. However, gross domestic product and inflation rate are considered two most critical variables affecting the stock market’s performance. This research aims to investigate the impact of GDP and inflation on the volatility of stock exchange performance of Nepal and Sri Lanka by employing the Least Square Regression Approach. Both countries are situated in South Asia and boast agrarian-based economies. Additionally, they are renowned for their rich cultural heritage, ancient civilizations, and historical sites. As a result, this research is centred on investigating the unique aspects of these two nations. Time series data of closing stock of every fiscal year from 1997 to 2021 was collected from authentic online sources and analyzed with the help SPSS Version 20. The findings of this study indicate a significant influence of GDP and inflation on stock index of both countries (p-value < 0.05). The analysis further indicates that the microeconomic variables accounted for 78.7% and 91.9% of the stock index variation for Nepal and Sri Lanka, respectively. Furthermore, the study finds a strong positive correlation between GDP and stock index of both countries, while inflation exhibits a weak negative correlation with the NEPSE index and a moderate negative correlation with the CSE index. Despite the focus on only two independent macroeconomic variables, this research highlights their significant impact on stock market performance. Policymakers and investors can leverage these findings to make informed decisions while navigating the complexities of the stock market.

Tourism And the Issue of Sustainability in Morocco: The Case of The Seaside Resort Taghazout

Tourism has long been a crucial activity for the Moroccan economy, making a significant contribution to the country's GDP. As a result, this sector ranks high among the State's priorities, and it receives paramount importance in terms of planning and investment. The objectives of the tourism plans differ. Mainly stemming from the directives of international financial institutions, these objectives will contribute to the boom of mass tourism, disregarding the social and environmental dimensions of "touristified" territories. It was not until the development of Vision 2020 that the concept of sustainable tourism emerged, which "sustainably values territories, populations, heritages, and spreads its beneficial effects in the most remote areas of the Kingdom" (Program Contract 2011-2020, 2010: 5). The concept of sustainable tourism is relatively recent, and the first guide "towards sustainable tourism" was published in 2006 by the UNWTO and UNEP. As for the global criteria for sustainable tourism introduced in December 2019. The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which Moroccan tourism meets the criteria for sustainable tourism in destinations. The criteria to be analyzed are applied to the resort of Taghazout, which is Morocco's foremost coastal resort in terms of development.

Study on the Impact of RMB Exchange Rate on China's Industrial Structure Adjustment

This paper firstly summarizes the current situation of China's current industrial structure as well as the change of exchange rate system, systematically describes the research object of this paper, and outlines its main features. After that, this paper analyzes the impact of the real effective exchange rate of RMB on China's secondary and tertiary industries for the purpose of the study, takes into full consideration the main factors affecting the industrial structure, selects a large number of control variables, and completes the empirical analysis of China's overall as well as the eastern, middle and western regions by using the panel data of the country's 30 provinces in the 16-year period from 2005 to 2020. In addition, a variety of robustness tests were conducted to fully ensure the stability and interpretability of the model. It is finally concluded that the appreciation of RMB exchange rate will significantly benefit the development of China's tertiary industry, promote the industrial structure from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, and complete the upgrade of industrial structure. Specifically, for every 1% increase in the real effective exchange rate of RMB, the proportion of tertiary industry in the GDP of the whole country, the east, the center and the west will increase by 0.7850%, 0.7171%, 1.0186% and 0.4873% respectively. Besides, this paper also verifies the indirect impact of the exchange rate on the industrial structure through the three paths of price effect, foreign trade openness and FDI, and verifies the existence of the intermediary effect. According to the empirical results, the price effect, FDI, and the increase of foreign trade openness will promote the advanced industrial structure of China. But both FDI and foreign trade openness are negatively correlated with the exchange rate, which is the core variable of this paper.

The Relationship Between Informal Economy and Income Inequality: An Econometric Analysis for BRICS Countries

This research investigates the intricate relationship between the informal economy and income inequality in BRICS nations from 2000 to 2018. Defining the informal economy as economic activities outside the formal sector contributing to GDP, the study addresses a gap in existing literature that tends to overlook this sector's impact on income distribution. Utilizing panel unit root and panel cointegration tests, the findings reveal a significant and direct correlation between income inequality, the informal economy, and GDP in BRICS countries. The study uncovers a noteworthy revelation: a 1% increase in the informal economy leads to a substantial 3.24% rise in the GINI coefficient, showcasing the informal sector's profound influence on income inequality. Country-specific analyses identify India and Russia as frontrunners in this correlation, with China, Brazil, and South Africa following suit. Intriguingly, the analysis indicates that while a 1% rise in official GDP slightly worsens income distribution, the informal economy exerts a disproportionately negative impact on income inequality. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need to consider the informal economy's role in crafting effective strategies for mitigating income inequality within the BRICS context.

The Relationship between Electricity Consumption, Price of Oils, and Gross Domestic Product in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries

The research aimed to evaluate the impact of electricity consumption and oil prices on the GDP of GCC countries. The oil industry is the backbone of economies in these countries, accounting for a significant portion of GDP. The variations and volatility in petroleum prices significantly affect GCC countries’ GDP. Moreover, these countries have also increased the usage of electricity. A substantial increase in the demand for electricity impacts the economic development of GCC countries. The study has considered a quantitative method using secondary data to address the research objective. The data for electricity consumption, energy use, and oil prices were obtained from the World Development Indicators website from 2010 to 2021. The countries include Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. The data obtained were empirically analyzed using the system-GMM approach as it was identified to be a more robust estimation model controlling for issues such as autocorrelation and endogeneity. The results obtained from the system-GMM indicated that electricity consumption and oil prices positively impact the GDP of GCC countries. At the same time, energy use hurts the GDP. Therefore, the research findings imply that electricity consumption and oil prices significantly contribute to the growth of the GCC countries.

Determinants of Implementation of the Public Procurement Preference and Reservation Scheme in Tana-River County

Public procurement is estimated to account for a huge percentage of government expenditure. For instance, it is estimated to account for 12% of the GDP of OECD countries. This huge expenditure presents opportunity for governments to use public procurement to promote local industry and disadvantaged groups in an economy; through the application of preference and reservation schemes in public procurement. In Kenya, reports indicate that public procuring entities have not fully implemented the preference and reservation scheme; that requires them to procure 30% of their needs from enterprises owned by youth, women and persons living with disability (PWDs). This study therefore sought to examine the effect of: Access to Funding; and Access to Procurement information; on the implementation of the preference and reservation scheme in Kenya. The study collected data from 28 procuring entities in the County of Tana River. The study established that Access to funding does not have significant and substantial effect on implementation of the preference and reservation scheme, while access to procurement information has significant and substantial effect on implementation of the preference and reservation scheme in the County of Tana River in Kenya. The study recommends setting aside more lucrative tenders for the special interest groups to stimulate interest in the preference and reservation scheme. The study further recommends adoption of strategies to enable publicizing procurement information on social media. These have potential to enhance the Implementation of the Preference and Reservation Scheme. Further, the study invites researchers to examine whether the low value of procurement contracts set aside for the youth affects the implementation of the preference and reservation scheme in Kenya.

Labour market flexibility as a factor in economic recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has largely undermined most economies in the world. To a significant extent the reasons behind this economic nosedive are rooted in the sphere of labour market. The imposed restriction measures made many workers stay at home, and part of them even lost their jobs. The speed of economic recovery in different countries varied depending on how quarantine restrictions were eased. One crucial factor in this process is labour market flexibility and its ability to adapt to changing economic conditions. The purpose of the paper is to explore the relationship between the labour market flexibility and the speed of GDP recovery when the pandemic was waning and the quarantine restrictions were being removed. Methodologically, the study relies on labour economics. The methods are multivariate and logistic regression analysis. The data for the study is sourced from the World Bank and Eurostat and comprises statistics for assessing labour market flexibility and GDP in various countries for 2020–2021. The findings indicate a reverse relationship between the speed of GDP growth recovery during the post-COVID period and the share of part-time employment. Yet taking into account that part-time employment is not only an indicator of the labour market flexibility, but also reflects a general slowdown in production and unemployment, we can attach low speed of recovery to a greater weakness of an economy. The obtained results are insufficient to reject the hypothesis that a more flexible labour market accelerates the recovery of a national economy. At the same time, the study demonstrates that the West European countries generally got over the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis faster than other EU countries. The research contributes to understanding the transformation processes in the labour market under the pandemic as well as provides support for labour market policy development and implementation.

Congenital heart disease research landscape in the Arab world: a 25-year bibliometric review.

While research on congenital heart disease has been extensively conducted worldwide, comprehensive studies from developing countries and the Arab world remain scarce. This study aims to perform a bibliometric review of research on congenital heart disease in the Arab world from 1997 to 2022. We analyzed data from the Web of Science, encompassing various aspects such as topics, countries, research output, citations, authors, collaborations, and affiliations. This comprehensive science mapping analysis was done using the R statistical software's Bibliometrix Package. The research output from Arab countries over the 25 years showed an average annual growth rate of 11.5%. However, Arab countries exhibited lower research productivity than the United States and Europe, with a 24-fold difference. There was substantial variation in research output among 22 Arab countries, with five countries contributing to 78% of the total publications. Most of the published research was clinical, with limited innovative contributions and a preference for regional journals. High-income Arab countries displayed higher research productivity and citation rates than their low-income developing counterparts. Despite being categorized as upper-middle-income, post-conflict countries exhibited low research productivity. About one-quarter of the published articles (26%) resulted from collaborative efforts among multiple countries, with the United States being the most frequent collaborator. Enhanced research productivity and impact output were strongly associated with increased international cooperation. Research productivity in the Arab region closely correlates with a country's GDP. Success hinges on governmental support, funding, international collaboration, and a clear research vision. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers, educational institutions, and governments to strengthen research programs and nurture a research culture.

Analyzing The Perspective Of Farmers On The Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) In The Sohawal Block Of The Satna District, In Madhya Pradesh, India.

Agriculture serves as the backbone of the Indian economy, despite its modest 16 percent contribution to the country's GDP. A staggering 60–72 percent of the population relies on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, this vital sector faces significant risks, such as droughts, floods, and other natural disasters, which often lead to losses. In recent years, issues such as indebtedness, crop failures, low prices, and poor returns have compounded the challenges, resulting in agrarian distress in various regions across the country. Despite the Indian government's implementation of numerous schemes aimed at agricultural development, the sector continues to grapple with uncertainties. Regrettably, even in the 21st century, farmers find themselves vulnerable to these challenges, highlighting the persistent issues within the agricultural landscape. Farmers who experience crop loss or damage can receive financial assistance through the PMFBY, a crop-based insurance scheme. During the 2021–22 period, a research study in the Sohawal block of Satna district aimed to gain insights into farmers' perspectives on the PMFBY. The study identified several factors that were significantly associated with respondents' perceptions of the PMFBY, including education level, land holding size, farming experience, annual income, extension contact, risk orientation, awareness of crop insurance, information sources, and exposure to mass media, achievement motivation, and economic motivation. These findings were statistically significant at a 0.05% level of significance. However, other profile characteristics, such as age, caste, and social participation, did not show any significant association with the respondents' perceptions of the PMFBY. This study sheds light on the multifaceted influences that shape farmers' perspectives on this important government scheme.

The trend of economic structural transformation in Vietnam during the 2010 - 2022 period

This article is based on secondary data from the General Statistics Office and the World Bank. Using criteria to assess economic structural transformation, the article aims to evaluate the trend of economic structural transformation in Vietnam in recent years. The research results indicate that since 2010, the economic sector has shifted from a significant reliance on agriculture, forestry, and fisheries to an increasing share of industry, construction, and service sectors in the country's GDP structure. Labor in various economic sectors has shown a shift with a decreasing proportion in the agricultural, forestry, and fisheries sectors and an increasing proportion in the industry, construction, and service sectors. Vietnam's export product structure has also positively shifted, with a reduced proportion of agricultural and forestry products and an increased share of industrial processing, manufacturing, and services. The industrial and construction sectors have the highest labor productivity among the three economic regions, while the agricultural, forestry, and fisheries sectors have the lowest labor productivity. Alongside the achievements, the process of economic structural transformation in Vietnam still faces various difficulties and certain limitations. Based on these findings, the article proposes some recommendations for a more rational and sustainable transformation of the country’s economic sector.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РОСТА ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ТРУДА В РОССИИ

The set growth rates of the Russian economy require the development and implementation of new approaches and tools for the implementation of the national development strategy. One of these tools is the growth of labor productivity. As a multifactorial category, labor productivity is achieved by the best use of all factors of production, machinery, technology, the human factor, organization and management processes. Labor productivity is one of the most important indicators of economic efficiency, the country's GDP is formed under the influence of labor productivity, and a number of economic and social tasks are being solved. For businesses, labor productivity is a measure of the efficiency and well-being of both owners and staff. Today, labor productivity growth is influenced by automation and digitalization, improvement of production and management organization, and better use of the human factor. Ensuring a steady rate of labor productivity growth, the state is implementing an appropriate national project, without which it will be problematic to achieve the goals of sustainable development. The article presents the results of the analysis of labor productivity growth trends in Russia. The problem of labor productivity growth is being solved at the state level through the implementation of the national project "Labor Productivity" by creating favorable conditions for productivity growth, involving the subjects of the country and enterprises in this process. The key trends in productivity growth are related to the optimization of processes at the enterprise, modernization and digitalization of equipment and technologies, increasing staff employment time and improving their skills. The study revealed shortcomings in the implementation of the national project and deepening trends in labor productivity growth, which makes it possible to develop measures to eliminate them.

International tourists' perceptions of Myanmar as a tourist destination in the crisis: A comparative study among three continents

AbstractMyanmar has emerged as a popular tourist destination following its recent political transformation, with the Travel and Tourism sector contributing significantly to the country's GDP. However, the outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic posed numerous challenges for the global tourism industry and Myanmar, including travel restrictions, border closures, and health concerns. This study examines the levels of satisfaction and inconvenience experienced by tourists from Asia, Europe, and America who visited Myanmar during the early stages of the pandemic. A sample of 202 tourists was collected from Yangon and Myeik, two prominent tourist destinations in Myanmar. Various statistical tests were employed to analyze international tourists' perceptions of Myanmar tourism. The findings revealed that tourists from all three regions expressed satisfaction with the natural scenery, historical sites and architectural design, and traditional costumes offered by Myanmar. The implications of the study are discussed.

The Impact of China's Foreign Direct Investment on the GDP of Belt and Road Initiative Countries

The Impact of China's Foreign Direct Investment on the GDP of Belt and Road Initiative Countries

Digital readiness and economic growth : Analyzing the Impact of DESI Scores on GDP in European Countries

This study investigates the relationship between digital readiness and economic growth within the European Union, employing the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) as a comprehensive metric to evaluate the impact of digital integration on economic indicators. Through a detailed analysis incorporating factors such as human capital, connectivity, digital technology integration, and digital public services, alongside control variables including industrial production, employment, inflation, and investment, the research offers a nuanced understanding of how digital readiness influences GDP growth across 22 European countries over a six-years period. The findings highlight the significant role of human capital and technology integration in driving economic development, suggesting that investments in digital skills and business adoption of digital technologies are crucial for enhancing productivity and fostering innovation. Contrarily, digital public services showed a marginal negative association with GDP growth, indicating the need for optimization to fully realize their economic benefits. The results underscore the importance of strategic investments in digital readiness to leverage digitalization for sustainable economic growth, urging policymakers to consider both digital and traditional economic factors in their strategies. This research enriches the discourse on digital transformation’s economic implications, offering insights for policymakers, economists, and business leaders to foster economic resilience and prosperity in the digital age. Nevertheless, it acknowledges limitations due to the recent inception of DESI scores since 2017, and the potential for delayed effects of digital public services investments on economic growth, highlighting the need for future studies with more extensive data to fully understand the long-term implications of digital readiness on economic development.

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING AND POTENTIAL RISKS AND THREATS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONNECTION OF THE EAEU AND THE BRI

In the modern multipolar world, regional organizations and associations are changing the existing world order. Each of these associations has its own goals and influence, which determine their place and role in the geopolitical world. The relevance of the conjunction between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Chinese Belt and Road Project (BRI) is expressed in identifying the main goals of the conjunction. This article identifies existing threats and risks, benefits and prospects as a result of the combination of two projects. The methodological research is based on system analysis, as well as a comparative analysis of the dynamics of GDP, exports and other economic indicators of the EAEU countries and China. Currently, the competitiveness of the EAEU countries with China, as well as the observance of the national interests of the EAEU member states remains an issue requiring attention. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion is drawn both about the benefits of building a new type of relationship, and about the remaining challenges.

The Extension of the UTAUT2 Model: A Case Study of Indonesian SMEs Acceptance of Social Commerce

An entirely updated e-commerce platform referred to as Social Commerce was developed in response to the rise in social media use. Social commerce integrates interactions between buyers and sellers made possible by social media platforms and Web 2.0 technology. It is frequently seen as a subfield of e-commerce. Social commerce has been successfully introduced in developing countries. Many businesses around the world are small and medium enterprises (SMEs). For instance, SMEs in Indonesia can contribute up to 60.34% of the country's GDP and have a substantial labor pool. Using social commerce as an e-commerce platform can significantly improve the operational efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, little empirical research has specifically examined how SMEs embrace social commerce. Given the high level of concern, further research is required. Therefore, the current study experimentally examined how local SMEs in rural Indonesia introduced social commerce. The study was modeled using the Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use (UTAUT) 2 model and several previous studies. SmartPLS 4 software was used to model and evaluate data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the 114 samples showed that relative advantage, social support, facilitation conditions, and the government's support of social commerce influenced behavioral intention to use social commerce. Behavioral intention to use social commerce influences the actual use of social commerce. The findings of this study can help local governments and policymakers develop social trade promotion regulations to help potential SMEs and entrepreneurs gain long-term business support.

The Extension of the UTAUT2 Model: A Case Study of Indonesian SMEs Acceptance of Social Commerce

An entirely updated e-commerce platform referred to as Social Commerce was developed in response to the rise in social media use. Social commerce integrates interactions between buyers and sellers made possible by social media platforms and Web 2.0 technology. It is frequently seen as a subfield of e-commerce. Social commerce has been successfully introduced in developing countries. Many businesses around the world are small and medium enterprises (SMEs). For instance, SMEs in Indonesia can contribute up to 60.34% of the country's GDP and have a substantial labor pool. Using social commerce as an e-commerce platform can significantly improve the operational efficiency of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). However, little empirical research has specifically examined how SMEs embrace social commerce. Given the high level of concern, further research is required. Therefore, the current study experimentally examined how local SMEs in rural Indonesia introduced social commerce. The study was modeled using the Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use (UTAUT) 2 model and several previous studies. SmartPLS 4 software was used to model and evaluate data using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings of the 114 samples showed that relative advantage, social support, facilitation conditions, and the government's support of social commerce influenced behavioral intention to use social commerce. Behavioral intention to use social commerce influences the actual use of social commerce. The findings of this study can help local governments and policymakers develop social trade promotion regulations to help potential SMEs and entrepreneurs gain long-term business support.

Pengaruh Government Effectiveness dan Foreign Direct Investment terhadap GDP di Negara Asia Selatan

Analyzing the effect of Government Effectiveness Index and Foreign Direct Investment for GDP in South Asian countries is the objective of this study. The analytical methodology employed during this work is panel data regression. GDP is a dependent variable, whereas the Government Effectiveness Index and Foreign Direct Investment are independent variables. In this study, the Fixed Effect Model proves to be the most practical model. Its results indicate that South Asia's GDP is marginally and insignificant positively impacted by the Government Effectiveness Index. Then, foreign direct investment has a negligible and has a insignificant positive impact on the GDP of South Asia. Likewise, result of model indicates that the combination of the Foreign Direct Investment and Government Effectiveness Index variables affects the GDP of South Asia.

Entrepreneurial Attitudes in Firms’ Credit Access

Although enterprises make significant contributions to the GDP of countries, bank credit access is one of the biggest obstacles for them to survive. However, businesses can signal their entrepreneurial behaviors that are included in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to reduce banks’ concerns about their credit default. However, firms can have various entrepreneurial attitudes depending on their international activities that increase their innovativeness, and financial performance enabling credit access. Thus, the impact of TPB on credit access can differ depending on firms’ internationalization status and this is the main of this study to examine. For this purpose, this paper analyzes 1175 firms from various countries. The researchers apply a purposive sampling method to create a research sample and direct an internet-mediated questionnaire to the selected respondents. Binary Logistic Regression analyses have been performed by the researchers to investigate the impact of TPB on credit access. The results show that the components of TPB, personal attitude, personal behavioral control, and subjective norms have different impacts on the credit access of international and domestic companies. Personal attitude and subjective norms negatively affect bank credit access of international and domestic firms, respectively while they do not determine credit access of domestic and international firms, respectively. Moreover, personal behavioral control positively affects credit access of domestic and international companies. The reason for these results might be related to firm-level and country-level characteristics. Relationship lending and the educational and financial support of academicians and policymakers can provide solutions for credit access problems of firms.

Financial Variables and Their Effects on The Development of Bank Credit and Productive Sectors in Iraq Using a Path Analysis Model

This study aims to measure and analyze the direct and indirect effects of the financial variables, namely (public spending, public revenues, internal debt, and external debt), on the non-oil productive sectors with and without bank credit as an intermediate variable, using quarterly data for the period (2004Q1–2021Q4), converted using Eviews 12. To measure the objective of the study, the path analysis method was used using IBM SPSS-AMOS. The study concluded that the direct and indirect effects of financial variables have a weak role in directing bank credit towards the productive sectors in Iraq, which amounted to (0.18), as a result of market risks or unstable expectations in the economy. In addition to the weak credit ratings of borrowers, this is on the one hand, and on the other hand, the majority of the credit granted by the Iraqi banking system has been directed towards the construction sector as a result of the guarantees that this sector can provide compared to other productive sectors. On the other hand, financial variables were not supportive in directing bank credit towards the development of these sectors in the country's GDP because the results reflected by the direct and indirect effects of financial variables were weak in supporting productive sectors with or without bank credit. (Especially since the local debt was competing with the private sector in obtaining bank credit, and this is called the effect of crowding out.)