Country's Finances Research Articles

Independent Practice as a Nursing Practitioner in Pakistan: “Opportunities and Misconceptions

Independent Practice as a Nursing Practitioner in Pakistan: “Opportunities and Misconceptions

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF USING THE DINAR AND DIRHAM AS CURRENCIES IN THE ISLAMIC ECONOMY

This article intends to describe today's feasibility of using the dinar and dirham currencies in the Islamic economic system. The application of Dinar and Dirham is considered more appropriate because they have a fixed value and guarantee stability. The dinar and Dirham currencies are deemed capable of solving currencies, such as coping with massive inflation in the world currency system. Dinar and Dirham can realize the stability of exchange rates and increase international trade progress, especially in Islamic countries throughout history. The author analyzes books from the library with a descriptive analysis approach. In theory, dinars and dirhams stabilize a country's finances if supported by production factors. This will accelerate the turnaround of money and the economy. However, the Dinar and Dirham also do not escape various problems. For example, the large hoarding of gold and silver, the obstacles between a country, the possibility of a monopoly by a government with more gold reserves, and very high production capabilities.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Justice Collaborator di Indonesia (Analisa Putusan Nomor : 48/Pid.Sus/TPK/2016/PN.Jkt Pst)

Introduction: Corruption harms the country's finances and the socio-economy of society. Corruption tends to be committed by more than one person. Corruption crimes that have been caught by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) have obstacles to revealing and detaining parties who have committed corruption crimes due to a lack of information or data. Then came the idea of the Justice Collaborator (JC), which was first known in America in the 1970s, namely cooperation to reveal the main mastermind of the corruption crime with the convict of corruption. The key role of a justice collaborator is to uncover a crime or the occurrence of a crime, so that the return of assets from the results of a crime can be achieved to the state.
 Purposes of the Research: Analyzing the urgency of Justice Collaborator corruption in Indonesia.
 Methods of the Research: The research method used is juridical-normative research. Data sources include primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques through the study of documentation and data analysis used Qualitative Analysis. The problem approaches used in this research are statute, conceptual, and case approaches.
 Results of the Research: The results research the urgency or existence of a Justice Collaborator at the stage of Investigation in corruption in Indonesia is essentially to assist law enforcement officers in finding and finding facts related to crimes including corruption, which is difficult to disclose because the perpetrators of corruption more than one. The issue of legal protection for Justice Collaborator, LPSK law regulates the protection of witnesses including Justice Collaborator. Although in reality the process of determining the status of Justice Collaborator must be based on the submission of which institution handles the case. This is because the position of LPSK is only a sub-supporter in the criminal justice system so the recommendations of the Justice Collaborator LPSK can be obeyed or not obeyed.

Development of Criminal Concepts and Criminal in Corruption Criminal Cases in Indonesia

This study aims to discover the concepts of crime and punishment in corruption cases in Indonesia today along with their problems and to provide suggestions for new criminal and punishment concepts in Indonesia for the future seen from the development of criminal and sentencing theories. Corruption in Indonesia is better known as a crime that is detrimental to the country's finances and economy. That it has an impact on hampering the growth and continuity of national development, so severe eradication must be carried out so that it has become necessary to establish appropriate criminal and criminal concepts in dealing with criminal acts. Corruption crime. This research is normative-juridical legal research that emphasizes statutory and conceptual approaches. In this study, it was concluded that the crimes and punishments contained in corruption crimes are currently ineffective in achieving the desired sentencing goals, so it is necessary to make changes to them by looking at the development of criminal and sentencing concepts that have developed at this time. This is important so that the goals of sentencing that have been aspired to can be achieved.

Membangun Tradisi Literasi Anti Korupsi di Kalangan Elite Daerah dalam Perspektif Hukum Tata Negara

Purpose: Corruption has a very negative impact. As a crime, corruption not only harms the country's finances and economy, but also hampers the growth and continuity of national development which demands high effectiveness. Methodology: Corruption has eroded democratic values, violated the principles of good governance, and caused discrimination against public services. Corruption has also led to low openness and representativeness in the formulation of policies in the legislature, and even corruption has hampered legal certainty in the judiciary. Results: Corrupt behavior among regional elites still occurs because: 1. System factors, especially regulations related to political recruitment through regional elections, where the weaknesses include our laws that still allow candidates who are suspects in legal cases to run for regional heads, which are further strengthened by the dominance of the ideology of materialism and capitalism that supports these elections, so that the elections still have the opportunity to give birth to corrupt officials, 2. Political actor factors, the low integrity, credibility, and capacity of candidates for regional heads are the biggest contributors to the emergence of corrupt governments, the morality of the candidates is only hunting for the results, namely the seat of power, even though by using all means. The ruling is not to serve the people but to seek material gain.

Kewenangan Panitia Urusan Piutang Negara Ditinjau Dari Teori Sistem Hukum

The position of the Committee for State Receivables (PUPN), from a constitutional point of view, should be able to become a strong and professional representative interdepartmental institution in line with the goals and expectations of its establishment in accordance with laws and regulations to support the wheels of the economy and benefit the country's finances at a macro level. The problem in this study is regarding how PUPN's authority is viewed from the point of view of the legal system theory. The method used in this research is descriptive research method with a normative juridical approach. Law Number 49 Prp of 1960 concerning the Committee for State Receivable Affairs, is the forerunner of the paradigm for settlement of State Receivables by incorporating elements of managing and collecting state debts with very effective and strong authority from a legal standpoint. In addition, the institutional form that is interdepartmental gives a special image and the presence of law enforcement officials in it can have a significant psychological effect on the debt guarantor. Not to mention that the PUPN itself is equipped with parate execution powers which are the same as the court's execution powers.

The Phenomenon of Corruption and Efforts to Combat Corruption in Indonesia

Corruption that occurs in Indonesia is very worrying and has an extraordinary negative impact on almost all aspects of life. Corruption has destroyed the economic system, democratic system, political system, legal system, government system, and social order in this country. On the other hand, efforts to eradicate corruption that have been carried out so far have not shown optimal results. Corruption at various levels still occurs as if it has become a part of life and is even considered a normal thing. If this condition is allowed to continue, sooner or later corruption will destroy this country. Corruption has three phenomena which include: bribery, extortion, and nepotism. Corruption usually involves other parties, which contains fraud on public bodies or the general public, betrayal of trust, for self-interest, other people or entities that can harm the country's finances or the country's economy. The formulation classified as a criminal act of corruption today can be seen in Law Number. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption; juncto (jo) Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes (UUPTPK). The birth of reform has determined corruption as the "enemy" together, in fact it is even more "rampant" with a more sophisticated modus operandi. Corruption is decentralized in various sectors of life and decentralized to the lowest level of life. At the national economic level, current government policies that have the most potential for corruption are political corruption by plundering BUMN assets and playing on contracts. Privatization carried out by the government so far is often not carried out in a transparent manner and there is no public accountability. This kind of pattern has the potential for deviation and has the potential to be misused for the benefit of a particular party or for the sake of maintaining a regime. Observing the phenomenon of corruption in our country as well as the causes of corruption and its impact in the form of suffering for the people, a determination arises that corruption must be eradicated. Once again, corruption must be eradicated

Financing Public Health Expenditure in an Aging Society: The Role of Public-Private Partnerships in Health

Financing public spending on health is a challenge in an aging society. One option may be the Public-Private Partnership (PPP), which carries out long-term initiatives of great social importance. Health, very relevant to society, integrates Brazilian public accounts and is supported by the Unified Health System – SUS. The growing and significant aging of the population has been demanding more health services, with an impact on the SUS. The balance of the country's finances reinforces the need to resolve the public deficit, a situation that has afflicted Brazil for decades. The resumption of tax benefits, other financing opportunities and the reduction of tax expenditures are possible advantages of adopting PPPs, since the internalization of the proposal can be a potential gain, as it will allow investment to be deconcentrated from serving the poorest cities. populous to places less favored by the existing health network.

Towards Renewable energy targets for the Middle East and North African region: A decarbonization assessment of energy-water nexus

Despite their huge fossil fuel potential, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is sensitive to weakness in oil prices and this has a negative effect on the country's finances. Also, only 1.4% of the world's freshwater resources are found in MENA, despite having two-thirds or 66% of the world's known crude oil reserves. Despite that the energy importing countries in the MENA region benefit from lower energy prices, many of the countries like Libya, Syria, and Yemen have been shaken by wars, civil unrest, and political crisis, and this has created immense challenges in the energy situation. Another major challenge facing the MENA region is water scarcity. This region can be described as a desert area. There is a growing need for sustainable water management in the region as water scarcity is becoming increasingly critical. The government in North Africa have over the years set up laudable renewable energy projects to solve the prevailing energy crisis and improve their energy security. However, due to increasing population growth and increasing demand, there is still a huge gap between the renewable energy potential and generation that can be tapped. This study explores an hourly feasibility analysis of renewable energy production for electricity and freshwater production through the desalination process using the EnergyPLAN simulation environment. This study utilizes the planned renewable energy target set by the countries considered: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya. The result shows that the increment of the renewable share to 52% in 2030 for Moroccos will cause a reduction in carbon emission by 52.09%. The emission recorded for the 2030 scenario for 52% renewable energy integration was 14.209 Mt. This represents a CO2 reduction of 78% from the 64.59 Mt emission in 2018. Also, for the projected 10% renewable electricity production target for Libya, the model shows that solar PV, wind energy, hydropower and CSP can supply a combined 6.61 TWh/year. The estimated technical result indicates that due to the extreme intermittency of renewable energy sources, the most probable scenario for meeting the future electricity demand in North Africa through a regional transmission grid is by hybrid renewable energy installations across the countries. Conclusively, it is presented that the actualization of renewable energy targets requires analysis and implementation of different policy strategies, especially for a region like North Africa, where there is a high reliance on fossil fuels for national revenue.

UPAYA PENCEGAHAN FRAUD PADA BANK BERPLAT MERAH YANG MERUGIKAN KEUANGAN NEGARA

Fraud can occur anywhere and anytime including in red-plated banks (State-Owned Banks). As a place of money turnover, banking cannot be separated from criminal acts both general, civil, and corruption crimes because the Bank has a position that is vulnerable to abuse of authority either by employees on the front line such as tellers, costumer services, loan services or by branch heads even on the Board of Directors. The formulation of the issue raised is how the form of fraud prevention efforts, especially in State-Owned Banks related to the rescue of assets and wealth, is indicated to be detrimental to the country's finances. The type of research used is juridical-normative which is one of the legal research methods obtained by analyzing a legal problem through laws and regulations and related literature. The results found prevention efforts consist of technical and moral aspects and integrity. Technical aspects can be through (1) Double-check customer data, (2) Rewarding Loophole Inventors, (3) Creating good internal controls, (4) Transparency to Customers, (5) Increasing Personnel Supervision, (6) Implementing e-KYC, (7) Whistleblowers. Moral and integrity aspects must be owned by every party involved in activities in the bank. In addition, Law Enforcement Officials (APH) must also comply with the implementation of the commercial bank anti-fraud strategy that has been regulated in the POJK for the Rescue of State Finances and State Assets and National Economic Recovery. 
 Keywords: Prevention, fraud, bank.

Peluang Terjadinya Tindak Pidana Korupsi Akibat Pandemi Wabah Covid 19

Corruption during the Covid 19 pandemic led to the fact that many people experienced layoffs, employee reductions and the distribution of working hours for employees. This will have an impact on reducing income or not getting more income. This income reduction will lead to a criminal act, namely the Corruption Act, to fulfill the needs of oneself, others and corporations. This will affect the economy and harm the country's finances. The method used in this research is Normative Juridical. Based on the results of research on the perpetrators of corruption during this pandemic, it is very sensitive because everyone in the world is experiencing this pandemic and some people are making personal gains, others and corporations this needs to be given severe sanctions because during the Covid 19 pandemic they committed criminal corruption contained in Article 2 and Article 3 of the PTPK Law, and the penalty is added 1/3 (one third) of the main criminal.

Philosophical Overview of the Relationship between Budget Users and the State General Treasurer in the Management of Financial State (Indonesia Experience)

Legislation on state financial management is a legal form of state financial management that a rationale. Understanding the philosophical basis of the rationale will provide strengthening of understanding of the relevant laws and regulations and authority and responsibilities to the Budget User and the State General Treasurer. This study aims to find out the rationale used in state financial management, especially related to the authority and division of responsibility between the Budget User and the State General Treasurer in the state financial management. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with library research and cotent analysis technique with normative juridical approach . The results found that the Budget User and the State General Treasurer had an equal standing under the President. Both are packaged in check and balance relationships to protect the country's finances from arbitrary actions by certain parties. Philosophically, the Budget User is a party that has a budget so that it gets authority in planning the budget, implementing the budget, testing the bill, ordering payments, and accounting for the implementation of the budget. Budget Users become active parties in the implementation of the budget. Meanwhile, the State General Treasurer becomes a passive party, i.e. only carrying out payment duties in accordance with the pay orders issued by the Budget User. The Budget User becomes the party formally and materially responsible for the pay order issued, while the State General Treasurer is formally responsible for the payment.

ANALISIS MEMADU HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM NASIONAL MENGENAI KORUPSI DI INDONESIA

Corruption is a criminal act of implementing the state. This crime has been carried out systematically, structurally, and massively. The effect is not only making the country's finances worse, but also risking the financial aspects, natural resources, and dignity of the next generation. Fuqaha has had dialogues about corruption, conflicts within and above which are different. This article discusses the challenges of discourse, negation and punishment of corruption in Indonesia. Based on in-depth research, Fuqaha expressed the construction of Studio Sariqah, Ghulul, Risywah, Ghasab, etc., substantially, has links to security investigations in Indonesia. That is why the dedication of fiqh in the eradication of corruption in Indonesia becomes evident, related to the concept, sanctions, and eradication of corruption and its consequences in Indonesia.
 
 Keywords: corruption, KPK, sariqah, ghulul, Ta'zir.

The Essence of in Absentia in The Examination of Corruption Cases

The legal vacuum associated with in absentia examinations can benefit corruptors. Unprofessional law enforcement officers can help the suspect by providing opportunities or facilities for the suspect to escape in order to suspend the investigation. In the event where the investigation is suspended for this reason, then there would be no legal certainty and fairness in the effort to recover the financial loss of the State. Article 38 of the PTPK Law only applies in the examination of cases without the presence of the defendant in the trial. In Absentia is a suspect or defendant whose whereabouts is not known, does not present for the examination of the case or whom cannot be forced to be present in the trial. The general philosophy of in absentia examination in corruption cases is that criminal acts of corruption are not justified, as they result in detrimental loss of the country's finances or economy. In the essence, in absentia examination is an effort to eradicate corruption in a serious or extraordinary manner because corruption is a serious crime and as an effort to recover the country's financial and economy loss.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF ABU YUSUF'S THOUGHT: ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW RENEWAL IN THE PUBLIC FINANCE

This paper will specifically examine the economic legal thought of Abu Yusuf, especially in terms of Islamic public financial management. This problem is raised because it is based on the need for a reference in managing a country's finances so that a balance of economic fundamentals can occur. Management of public finances such as tax sometimes becomes a difficult problem to solve. Especially in Indonesia, what often appears is sometimes taxpayersmanipulate tax reports plus extortion from certain parties that provide guarantees to be free from legal cases. The data source in this study is the book of al-kharaj by Abu Yusuf as primary data. The style of study used is adab al mashlahah al-mu'tabarah wa al-'iqtishâd . Contextualizing the current economic reality. The findings in this study indicate that the economic thinking of Abu Yusuf prioritizes the concept of the benefit of the Ummah. The management of public finances, both concerning revenue and expenditure, the government must think about the benefit of the people. Financial management by promoting justice and balance. The implication of the findings of this study is that the management of state finances must be based on the benefit of the citizens. The indicator of all State money management is the welfare of the people. So the government in every program, must think and prioritize the benefit. Keywords : Renewal; Abu Yusuf, Public Finance.

Analysis of Sentiment of Moving a National Capital with Feature Selection Naive Bayes Algorithm and Support Vector Machine

The decision to move Indonesia's capital city to East Kalimantan received mixed responses on social media. When the poverty rate is still high and the country's finances are difficult to be a factor in disapproval of the relocation of the national capital. Twitter as one of the popular social media, is used by the public to express these opinions. How is the tendency of community responses related to the move of the National Capital and how to do public opinion sentiment analysis related to the move of the National Capital with Feature Selection Naive Bayes Algorithm and Support Vector Machine to get the highest accuracy value is the goal in this study. Sentiment analysis data will take from public opinion using Indonesian from Twitter social media tweets in a crawling manner. Search words used are #IbuKotaBaru and #PindahIbuKota. The stages of the research consisted of collecting data through social media Twitter, polarity, preprocessing consisting of the process of transform case, cleansing, tokenizing, filtering and stemming. The use of feature selection to increase the accuracy value will then enter the ratio that has been determined to be used by data testing and training. The next step is the comparison between the Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes methods to determine which method is more accurate. In the data period above it was found 24.26% positive sentiment 75.74% negative sentiment related to the move of a new capital city. Accuracy results using Rapid Miner software, the best accuracy value of Naive Bayes with Feature Selection is at a ratio of 9:1 with an accuracy of 88.24% while the best accuracy results Support Vector Machine with Feature Selection is at a ratio of 5:5 with an accuracy of 78.77%.

Social Control Movement as a Corruption Eradication Instrument in Indonesia

Corruption in Indonesia is an endemic problem. It has been hampering the development, disconnecting hopes of fulfilling the fundamental constitutional rights of citizens, creating a repressive government, and harming the country's finances and economy. This research tries to find the right movement pattern of social control, such as whether in efforts to prevent and eradicate corruption in Indonesia. The conclusion from this legal research is that the movement of social control as an instrument to eradicate corruption in Indonesia has been described both in the aspect of Judicial review, Class Action and Citizen Law Suit (CLS), Court Monitoring, and the Whistleblower System (WbS), as well as non-legal movements (public hearing & advocacy, mass actions) that are not facultative, meaning that all efforts can be undertaken by civil society by being bridged by NGOs and the campus in the corruption eradication agenda in Indonesia Going forward, the challenge of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is increasingly tricky and steep, it requires commitment from all parties to strengthen commitments to eradicate corruption, create integrity zones, and more importantly enhance the KPK as an independent anti-corruption institution, as mandated by UNCAC to maintain the independence of anti-corruption in Indonesia.Keywords:Social-Control Movement, Law Enforcement, Anti-Corruption

The Efforts of Islamic Criminal Law Integration into Indonesian Law Procedures

In recent years, there have been widespread criminal cases with enormous intensity. With a variety of modus operandi, criminal cases both committed by individuals and collectives, are carried out by ordinary people to the executive, legislative and also the judiciary. The cases that most render the sense of justice ripped apart are the many cases of corruption, bribery and collusion. The judiciary that is trusted often betrays a sense of justice by only giving very light laws for cases of corruption and bribery which are detrimental to the country's finances. Therefore many people, especially Muslims, want the application of Islamic law in the criminal field. With strict legal sanctions and supported by sources that originate from the Qur’an, it is hoped that the existing crime can be minimized.

The Relative Equality Theory and the Influence of the Unfairness Policy on the Country Finances and the Economics’ Welfare

The article is promoting a new formula for the general economics based on the fairness which is relative, namely the relative equality method which appropriates for assessment and treatment the unfair economic policies. Accordingly, here is the explanation of the method of the relative equality and the proofs that the fairness of the economic policies is a compulsion since the more the fairness of the economic policies, the more the health of the Country financially and the Economics’ Welfare, contrary, the greater the unfairness, the greater the chances of the crisis of the country. For instance, the unfairness on the context of the relative equality in the tax policy may result in a loss of the Country's income from taxes of more than 50%. And, the unfair spectrum policy may cause a potential declining on the Country revenue, the Gross Domestic Product, and the quality of internet services over 60%. As well as, the unfair labour policy will lead to a potential unemployment rate of more than 4%; even there is a balance in the labour demand and supply. Keywords: fairness, relative, relative equality index, economic policy, finance healthy; Economics’ Welfare DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-10-11 Publication date: May 31 st 2020

The Relative Equality Theory and the Influence of the Unfairness Policy on the Country Finances and the Economics’ Welfare

The article is promoting a new formula for the general economics based on the fairness which is relative, namely the relative equality method which appropriates for assessment and treatment the unfair economic policies. Accordingly, here is the explanation of the method of the relative equality and the proofs that the fairness of the economic policies is a compulsion since the more the fairness of the economic policies, the more the health of the Country financially and the Economics’ Welfare, contrary, the greater the unfairness, the greater the chances of the crisis of the country. For instance, the unfairness on the context of the relative equality in the tax policy may result in a loss of the Country's income from taxes of more than 50%. And, the unfair spectrum policy may cause a potential declining on the Country revenue, the Gross Domestic Product, and the quality of internet services over 60%. As well as, the unfair labor policy will lead to a potential unemployment rate of more than 4%, even there is a balance in the labor demand and supply Keywords: fairness; relative; relative equality index; economic policy; finance healthy; Economics’ Welfare. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-10-16 Publication date: May 31 st 2020