Environment In Countries Research Articles

Nationwide policymaking strategies to prevent future electricity crises in developing countries using data-driven forecasting and fuzzy-SWOT analyses

Over the past decades, forecasting electricity demand has been crucial in energy planning and power distribution management to establish sustainable strategies in undeveloped countries. This work proposes an integrated approach to evaluate Pakistan's energy sector and holistically investigate electricity-load strategies to prioritize them and prevent future electricity crises. This paper proposes a renewable energy technologies-based system design to eliminate energy shortfalls. Deep learning models can predict fluctuating variation in energy consumption, crucial for designing renewable energy systems. The strengths – weaknesses – opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis identified relevant factors and sub-factors, while the fuzzy-TOPSIS methodology prioritized alternative strategies. The results show that driving the nation to the functionality of an energy hub by sufficiently using its geostrategic location within the regional cooperation framework is the critical dominant factor. Besides, improving the country's investment environment was the least favored priority. Baluchistan was found to have the highest potential for wind energy, with an ability to generate 3270 MWh/year through wind power.

The interplay between home and host institutions on CBA ownership decision

AbstractCross‐border acquisitions (CBAs) are one of the key strategies for internationalization. However, most of what is known about CBA strategies relies on the effects of the host country's environment or the home country's conditions. In this article, we analyze the interplay between these two important factors. We show that companies from less institutionally developed countries are more influenced by poor institutional conditions found in host countries. We analyzed a dataset of 1,390 cross‐border acquisitions performed by Latin American firms. The literature on the subject points out that less developed host environments lead to fewer shares of ownership acquired in CBAs. However, we confirmed that the quality of the home country's institutional environment positively moderates the effects of the host environment over ownership choice in the acquisition. This effect is due to companies from less developed environments being able to use their embedded capabilities to better navigate faulty institutional environments abroad.

Impact of Russian Military Aggression on the Natural Tourist Resources of Ukraine

The paper highlights and analyses the irreparable damage to the country’s ecological system and natural tourist resources due to russian military aggression in Ukraine, considering the problems of restoring these resources and the safety of involvement in recreational activities in the future. Emphasis is placed on the need to maximize the damage to the country's environment as a result of russia’s military aggression in Ukraine to determine further compensation by the aggressor for this damage. It is determined that the plan to restore Ukraine after the victory in the russian-Ukrainian war should include measures to restore and preserve ecosystems, and plans to rebuild settlements should include nature-oriented solutions and measures to build the country’s recreational system. Priorities for ensuring environmental security in the war zone in eastern Ukraine as components of environmental protection in the context of reintegration of the temporarily occupied territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions have been identified. The emphasis is on the need to build a national culture of security and resilience in crises, using the experience and approaches of the United States as an example.

공공건물(학교, 도서관, 박물관)의 사례를 통한 새로운 청소년공간의 건립기준 연구

The purpose of this study is to analyze the basic requirements for the construction of youth facilities in Korea, derive the basic requirements and evaluation standards for the youth facility construction plan through comparison with similar public facilities construction guidelines, and to present basic data on the direction of youth facilities construction. For this purpose, the current concept of youth facilities, related laws, facility standards, etc. were analyzed, and guidelines for construction of similar public facilities such as schools, museums, and libraries were analyzed, and based on the comparison of the analysis results, the construction direction of youth facilities was suggested. Therefore specific construction standards that apply our country's youth policies and social environment are necessary so that not only the officials in charge, but also all those involved in youth facilities, such as youth and parents, can share their respective roles and responsibilities and participate actively in the decision-making process. Through this study, it is hoped that the national goals for the construction of youth facilities will be set as an occasion to establish the necessary guidelines, and furthermore, it will be used as a basis for the construction of public youth facilities by local governments, so that related follow-up projects can be actively carried out.

Active Surveillance Versus Immediate Surgery for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Patients in South Korea: A Cost-Minimization Analysis from the MAeSTro Study.

Background: Active surveillance (AS) has been established as an alternative to immediate surgery for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Nonetheless, it remains difficult to decide between AS and immediate surgery, since limited objective evidence exists regarding risks and benefits. The aim of study is to compare the cumulative costs of AS and immediate surgery. Methods: To estimate cumulative costs, a hypothetical model is simulated based on the Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Active Surveillance on Papillary Thyroid Micro-Carcinoma (MAeSTro) study, a multicenter prospective cohort study of AS for PTMC. Direct and indirect costs are estimated from diagnosis to the treatment decision and follow-up for 10 years and a longer period. In the case of the scenarios, AS, AS to surgery due to changing their mind, and lobectomy (analyzed regardless of levothyroxine [LT4] treatment, as well as subdivided into lobectomy/LT4[-] and lobectomy/LT4[+]) are considered. A sensitivity analysis is performed using different discount rates to address uncertainties in future time costs. To compare the cumulative costs, we referred to previous research conducted in Hong Kong, the United States, and Japan. Results: The initial cost of AS is estimated to be 5.6 times lower than that of lobectomy (regardless of LT4 use), while the 10-year cumulative costs of AS ($2545) and lobectomy regardless of LT4 ($3045) are similar under a discount rate of 3%. However, in the long-term follow-up period, immediate surgery is going to be estimated more economical than AS. The costs of the two management approaches are similar in Hong Kong, but substantially different in the United States and Japan, implying that it could be affected by each country's national health insurance coverage and the thyroid ultrasound interval during follow-up. Conclusion: Considering both direct and indirect costs, the cumulative costs of AS and immediate surgery in low-risk PTMC patients are similar during 10 years, and surgery could be more economical for patients with a life expectancy in long-term follow-up. However, careful interpretation is needed for long-term follow-up and the country's health care system and environment. Nevertheless, considering the representative protocols and objective costs in South Korea, it is expected to be a key to suggest the appropriate treatment for PTMC patients.

Contemporary capitalism and the “resistance social networks” of the Brazilian countryside

The climatic and environmental imbalance, the result of the intensification and expansion of the capitalist planetary economic system, is increasingly worrying. Alarming data revealed by scientists worldwide, mobilize countries in favor of reducing these effects, for the maintenance of the human species. The objective of this article is based on this premise, which, through exploratory research, will explain the historical context that consolidates this conjuncture, the reflexes of this trajectory in contemporary times, as well as the “resistance social networks”, which underlie the confrontation to such systemic imbalances. Focusing on the Brazilian reality, and, in particular, the insertion of capitalism in relationships in the country's rural environment, the article will bring to the discussion the impact of rural capitalism on the struggle of peasants/rural workers; the consolidation of this capitalist insertion in the countryside through contemporary data regarding Brazilian deforestation and the consolidation of agribusiness and the production of export monocultures, which directly impact work and food security in Brazil. In order to present some alternatives of resistance existing in Brazil, in this worrying scenario, as a way of thinking and systematizing strategies for overcoming it.

The Challenge of Energy Transition and Energy Security Needs of Pakistan in 21st Century

Energy security is one of the cornerstones of the modern economy. However, Pakistan has struggled for decades to find a viable strategy for ensuring economically viable options to meet this essential requirement of the modern economic system. Pakistan's reliance on fossil fuel-based power generation has not only incurred huge economic costs but also made the country vulnerable to the instabilities of international market forces. However, the global economy is now moving through a phase of energy transition i.e. from fossil fuels to sustainable energy. This transition offers a golden opportunity for Pakistan to restructure its energy mix in a manner that can be cost-effective as well as resilient to economic and military threats, considering the country's strategic environment. This paper seeks to present an overview of the requirements for energy security in the modern age while proposing some of the viable options for sustainable energy and strategies for its implementation.

Modeling a country's political environment using dynamic factor analysis (DFA): A new methodology for IB research

Political uncertainty generates non-trivial costs for business, resulting in suboptimal decision-making and suppression of economic activity. Managing political uncertainty and attaining greater accuracy in risk analysis of a country's political environment remain a challenge. Our research attempts to fill this gap by re-directing scholarly attention from the questions of what and why to how political uncertainty and political risks can be identified and assessed by (1) offering a process-based theoretical framework of a country's political environment that explicitly incorporates its dynamic structure; and (2) proposing a new methodological framework based on DFA to empirically estimate it. We demonstrate how DFA enables evaluating the country's political environment, in terms of: (1) complexity of the political environment, (2) potency (or importance) of the dimensions of the political environment; (3) stability of the political environment, and (4) nomological validity of the model. To demonstrate the application of this methodology, we analyze Brazil's political environment for the period 1984–2018 using monthly political risk time-series data. The paper then maps Brazil's political environment using political science scholarship with our empirical results triangulating the insights. The final section discusses contributions to research on political risk in IB as well as the methodological challenges and opportunities of using DFA.

The Antecedents to the Actual Use of Digital Currencies in Ghana

This study investigates the antecedents to the use of digital currencies in a developing country. In the digital currency literature, behavioral and technological antecedents that affect individuals' behavior towards the use of digital currencies remain scanty. Drawing on Bitcoin, mobile money, and perfect money as some types of digital currencies, this research adopts the technology organization environment (TOE) framework and the prospect theory. Based on 520 questionnaire responses, this research employs the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Results from the analysis reveal that technology competence, service, and agent trust, perceived risk, and cost have positive influences on the intention to use digital currencies. Behavioral intention influences the actual use of the technology. However, a country's regulatory environment does not influence the intention to adopt digital currencies. The research provides important analytical advances and presents practical and economic consequences for the implementation of digital currencies.

Analysis of the Coordination Relationship between the Green Principle of Civil Law and Environmental Law in Environmental Pollution and Ecological Destruction.

Under the dual influence of environmental pollution and ecological damage, the green principles of civil law and environmental law can be better coordinated and developed. In the past, environmental pollution and ecological damage in the author's country were very serious. Hence, they designed and experimented with data extraction technology and environmental big data sets. A distribution model investigates it. Experiments show the following: (1) The system is developed from big data and can fully reflect the ecological environment of all parts of the country. Finally, it is concluded that the author's country's environmental pollution and ecological damage are very serious. (2) According to the experimental data of the figures and tables, it is concluded that the cooperation and coordination relationship between the green principles of civil law and environmental law not only has a protective effect on the ecological environment but also increases the economy of society and people. With the continuous updating and coordination of environmental laws and green prototypes, the author's country's environmental pollutants are significantly declining. The author believes that in the future, the country's ecological environment will become better, and the green principles of civil law will be more closely related to environmental law. The country's environmental pollution and people's lives are becoming more closely related. To better solve environmental problems, we have introduced the green principles of civil law and environmental law. It makes people's quality of life and the economy better. The main significance of the study is to use the method with the least damage to the environment to obtain the maximum economic benefit to achieve long-term sustainable development.

Productive Robots and Industrial Employment: The Role of National Innovation Systems

We examine robot-labour substitutions in manufacturing and some other sectors in industrial countries. We show that the degree of substitution depends on demand and production elasticities. In multicountry empirical work its sign and magnitude crucially depends on a country's innovation environment. Making use of World Economic Forum data we estimate that countries with poor innovation capabilities substitute robots for workers but countries with richer innovation capabilities complement them. In non-manufacturing and transport equipment robots and workers are stronger substitutes than in other manufacturing. Our results can be rationalized by appeal to both Orm objectives and international trade

Selektivna izloženost u političkoj komunikaciji

People exhibit preferences, or seek out information that is consistent with their political beliefs and opinions, when they engage in selective exposure in politics. The theory of motivated reasoning states that people's pursuit of knowledge is driven by two distinct goals: accuracy goals (which promotes drawing accurate inferences) and directed goals (which encourage the making of conclusions that people want to make, and which corresponds to their attitude). In general, people rarely have complete or adequate political knowledge, but even in these situations, they oft en shape their political opinions using informational shortcuts such as partisan cues. Today's political media messages are so persuasive, particularly with the growth of the Internet, that the audience is powerless to ignore them. Partisan selectivity is a concept that holds that people tend to prefer news and political content that supports their political beliefs. People may be inspired to seek out more information if they are exposed to a variety of political beliefs. On the other hand, those who tend to avoid political information that challenges their beliefs cause the community to become more politically divided. Studies have shown that social norms and community expectations affect selective exposure, which differs depending on the country's cultural environment.

The government, private firms, and dual-track private sector development: China's experience in two crucial decades

A key to understand the evolution of an economy is the property rights institution and the contracting institution that the government set up to shape the business environment of private firms. Focusing on China during its crucial two decades of transition (from the early 1990s to the early 2010s), this paper documents how the country's business environment and the characteristics of entrepreneurs evolved, along with the role played by local governments. Relying on multiple comprehensive data sets, the paper shows that many aspects of local business environments improved: infrastructure, development of the court system, and access to external finance. Meanwhile, the share of politically connected private firms remained large, and their advantage in accessing key resources increased. Under this dual-track private sector development, private firms became larger and more innovative and adopted more formal corporate governance mechanisms. Entrepreneurs became better educated, with more diverse sectoral experiences. Market competition increased over time, especially after China's World Trade Organization entry. The paper offers suggestive evidence that this dual track development had negative consequences, such as a lower tendency to innovate by politically connected firms.

Research on the Impact Evaluation of Digital Finance on the Synergy between Economic Development and Ecological Environment.

Following rapid growth, China's economy is entering a period of high-quality economic growth. High-quality economic development has a profound impact on China's current economic development. It can be said that the improvement of economic quality is an inevitable choice for China's new stage of economic development. From this point of view, promoting high-quality economic development has become an important practical issue in my country's current economic and social development. As the integration and innovation of digital technology and taxation, the blessing of digital technology maximizes integration and precision, which can effectively meet the needs of higher stages of economic development. Perfect and inclusive development has become an important support for sustainable and healthy economic development. At present, behind the rapid economic growth, human economic activities have led to the emergence of an ecological and environmental crisis. The growth mode characterized by high input, high consumption support, and high emissions has resulted in insufficient supply of regional ecological and environmental resources, pollution, and damage to the ecological environment and also intensified. Therefore, this paper first examines the concept of digital finance and its enlightenment to economic development, and believes that digital finance has a good role in promoting economic development. Second, an evaluation model for the relationship between environmental environment and economic development is established, and an evaluation index system is obtained. Finally, through the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of economic development and ecological environment, it is concluded that in the era of digital finance, the level of regional economic development has been greatly improved, and my country's regional economic development has been greatly improved, which is significantly faster than my country's ecological environment improvement level.

СТРУКТУРНО-ЛОГІЧНА МОДЕЛЬ ПОБУДОВИ КОМПЛАЄНС-СИСТЕМИ В ОСВІТНІЙ ГАЛУЗІ

The article considered the structural and logical model of building a compliance system in the educational field. The concept of "Compliance" was defined. The main problems, which are the most relevant in the conditions of information confrontation in the market of educational services, were singled out. The essence of compliance was defined. It was the role of compliance for the educational sector is analyzed. Compliance risks in the educational sector were considered. The segments of the educational industry in which compliance risks are manifested were listed. Needs for intra-industry risk management were identified. Compliance was considered in the context of the development of the country's educational environment. The main components of the compliance system of the educational sector were listed. Integrity in the educational field was analyzed. It was considered by the compliance control of the educational industry. Specific areas characterized by compliance control were singled out. The main areas of application of the compliance function in the educational sector were determined. Examples of compliance violations in the educational sector were given. Such violations can be fictitious activities, informal rewards, unofficial labor relations, violations of fire safety or labor protection, and others. The definition of the concept of the compliance system in the educational field was given. The standards that compliance may include were considered. The main principles of the functioning of the compliance system in the educational field were illustrated. The main tasks that must be performed by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for the functioning of the compliance system were highlighted. The main aspects of the compliance system in the educational sector were listed and analyzed. The structural and logical model of building a compliance system in the educational field was illustrated. The main duties of compliance specialists were highlighted. The main tools used to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the compliance system in the educational sector were listed. The main components that provide methodological support for the compliance system in the educational field were analyzed. The strategic goal of creating a compliance system in the educational sector was defined. Conclusions were made regarding the structural and logical model of building a compliance system in the educational field.

Research on environmental cost control of ANGANG STEEL COMPANY LIMITED under the background of low-carbon economy

In recent years, with the rapid development of our country's economy, our country's natural environment resources are also being consumed at an accelerated rate. In 2021, our country's economic work requires promoting the effective combination of consumption and investment on the basis of insisting on expanding domestic demand, and accelerating the development of the green and low-carbon economy. Iron and steel enterprises as an important body responsible for our country's implementation of carbon emission reduction targets, they should take the initiative to act and make preparations to accelerate the development of the low-carbon economy. The promulgation of the "14th Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development" and the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of the Iron and Steel Industry" has accelerated the adjustment of the iron and steel industry’s industrial structure. Green and low carbon will be the future direction of China's iron and steel industry. The development of low-carbon economy is inseparable from the environmental cost control, so it is very necessary to research the problems and countermeasures in the environmental cost control of iron and steel enterprises. ANGANG STEEL COMPANY LIMITED is one of the largest domestic steel production enterprises and one of the successful models of iron and steel enterprises. This paper takes ANGANG STEEL COMPANY LIMITED as the research object, and uses the low-carbon economy theory as the theoretical tone of the full text. Combined with the literature analysis method and case analysis method, it collects and organizes the environmental data of ANGANG STEEL COMPANY LIMITED, and analyzes the problems existing in the environmental cost control of it. Finally, according to the existing problems, this paper will put forward corresponding suggestions to solve the problems, provide reference and help for other iron and steel enterprises, so as to help our country gradually improve the market to promote energy conservation, emission reduction and the development of a green and low-carbon economy.

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS ADOPTION, INVESTOR PROTECTION, AND FOREIGN PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT: A REVIEW

This paper aims to analyze the impacts of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption on foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in relation to investor protection based on existing empirical literature. This study uses a historical approach and focuses on thirty-six relevant articles published in accounting and finance journals. The author provides a theoretical groundwork of the association between IFRS adoption and FPI and summarizes the results. The findings are critically analyzed by employing developed vs. developing country lens. The review study reveals that the effects of IFRS adoption on FPI significantly differ between developed and developing countries. Although the positive impact of IFRS adoption on FPI is documented in existing literature, not all countries (particularly developing countries), firms, and users have benefited or equally benefited from IFRS adoption regarding FPI. In addition, the positive impacts of IFRS adoption on FPI are associated with the country's regulatory environment, such as level of investor protection. The findings of the study suggest that developing countries should ensure a proper regulatory environment to reap the full benefits of IFRS adoption. This review contributes to the existing literature by providing a comparative analysis of IFRS adoption effect on FPI between developed and developing countries while also suggests future research avenues.

THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF DUBAI ISLAMIC BANK

Due to the fast growth of the Muslim community, Dubai's Islamic finance industry has been also growing considerably over the last two decades. Muslim financial services may become more popular as the Muslim population expands and its living circumstances improve. The key developing market for religion-based financial products is the Middle East. This study analyzes their impact on the financial performance of Islamic banks. Data for this study was gathered from the platform www.dib.ae, the years of investigation being 2017-2020. The study's limited sample size was heavily influenced by the participants' preference for an Islamic bank over a conventional bank with an Islamic window. Because every IB operating in the GCC was included in the research, Dubai Islamic Bank is considered an excellent representation of the fully fledged Islamic banks. The researchers studied the financial performance indicators of a Dubai Islamic Bank for several years and have found that international principles are used as a guide for Sharia compliance, shareholder rights, and decision-making processes in IBs' governance and accounting standards. However, laws must be adapted to the country's specific environment in order for the bank to function properly. Managers must make sure еру economic competitiveness paradigm can be more easily integrated with the related Islamic values.

Dynamic Managerial Capability and the Longevity of a Family Business

This study is motivated by evidence that entrepreneur capacity influence business opportunities detection and a manager's capability to manage a company's resources by adapting business to changes in sector, economy, and market. Strategy studies also argue that we should look at individuals and not only at organizational strategy, seeking to broaden the understanding of the phenomenon of strategic management. This way, owner´s agency, especially concerning family businesses in a developing country's economic environment, can be a differential regarding business longevity. In this context, this study aims to identify What is the participation of the managerial capability for the longevity of a family business operating in the Brazilian industrial market for 30 years. The managerial capability are based on three main management factors: human capital, social capital, and cognition (Adner & Helfat, 2003). To develop this study, a qualitative case study was conducted with a family firm active in the hospital products sector. The dynamic aspect of the combination, transfer and recombination of resources is dealt with by the analysis of the company's trajectory throughout its existence. The results point that the individual capabilities of the members´ family orchestrate the business strategy in a complementary manner composing the firm managerial capability.

An examination of the influence of business environments on the attraction of globally mobile self-initiated expatriates

PurposeThis study examines which dimensions of a business environment are most important for attracting globally mobile self-initiated expatriates to a country. The authors use secondary data from the World Bank, the World Economic Forum, IMD and the World Population Review to test eight hypotheses involving six macro-contextual factors that prior studies suggest attract internationally mobile skilled professionals, such as self-initiated expatriates, to a country's business environment. The macro-contextual factors examined are socio-cultural, economic, natural, ecological, technological clusters and legal and regulatory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use secondary data from the World Bank, IMD, World Population Report and the World Economic Forum to test eight hypotheses concerning macro-contextual factors that attract self-initiated expatriates to a country's business environment.FindingsThe study finds that factors such as the ease of hiring foreign labor, the use of English, macroeconomic stability, the diversity of the workforce and the quality of life in a country positively influence the attractiveness of its business environment to self-initiated expatriates. The study also finds that a business environment's socio-cultural, natural, economic and legal and regulatory macro-contextual attributes make it attractive to self-initiated expatriates.Originality/valueTo reduce common source bias, the authors use secondary data from four sources to examine which of six macro-contextual factors make a sample of 63 national business environments attractive to self-initiated expatriates. This study is one of the few to examine the impact of business environments on global mobility.