Economy Of Country Research Articles

Biosecurity Compliance and Its Applications in Poultry Production Sectors

Poultry farming has been recognized as one of the most vital sectors for the economy and revenue generation in many countries. For the production of high-quality freshly hatched chicks, effective cleaning and sanitation of the hatchery environment and hatching eggs were crucial components of proper management and hygiene in chicken hatcheries. The current review aimed to assess the efficient ways of mitigating the risk of disease introduction (external biosecurity) and its subsequent dissemination (internal biosecurity) within and between poultry farms and hatcheries. In addition to identifying the variety of risk categories that are applied to various biosecurity industries, this article clarified the equivalent tools, including checklists and/or questionnaires, that can be used to assess biosecurity compliance. The checklist was aimed to evaluate numerous biosecurity protocol categories, including the farm's infrastructure, employees, their education and training, access control mechanisms, cleaning and disinfection procedures, handling of litter and waste, chick control, registrations, and pest management. In conclusion, external biosecurity was critical to preventing infections from entering hatcheries and poultry farms. Questionnaires or checklists were effective instruments for gathering information on biosecurity and evaluating compliance in poultry farms. Keywords: Biosecurity compliance, Checklist, Hazard, Poultry sector

Bioeconomics in Agribusiness: Trends and Opportunities of Business Through the Use of Biotechnologies

Objective: Its main objective is to identify trends and business opportunities in the agribusiness sector through the use of biotechnologies, from the perspective of the bioeconomy. In addition, it has as its specific objective to show the bioproducts already existing on the market and what are the main obstacles for the adoption of the use of biotechnology by agribusiness. Theoretical Reference: In this topic, the main concepts and authors on bioeconomy, bieconomy in Brazil and bioeconomy of agribusiness are presented. Method: 11 interviews were conducted with researchers, businessmen and public servants from institutions such as Embrapa (Ceará and Amazônia poles), Renorbio, Ceará's Secretariat for Science and Technology and the State of Ceará's Secretariat for Agrarian Development. Results and Discussion: The results of the research show that there are various products and practices of agribusiness that involve biotechnology, such as the use of organic waste for the emergence of other products, what the interviewees called added value, innovative products such as cashew burgers, probiotic and prebiotic juices, bioadhesives and bioplastics, water reuse, among others. However, for the emergence of these products and practices, there are several obstacles such as prejudice with the use of technologies, lack of a regulatory framework, lack of public and private incentives, lack of public policies, lack of investments in research, among others. Originality/Value: the importance of the agribusiness sector for the country's economy, the business opportunities presented, sustainable practices, consumer behavior, among others, is highlighted.

Investigate the Different Impacts of Tourism on the Economy and Carbon Emissions of High Income and Middle Income Countries in Asia

This study investigates the dual impact of tourism on both economic growth and environmental sustainability in high- and middle-income Asian countries. Employing the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) method, the research analyzes panel data to assess tourism's influence on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The findings reveal that tourism significantly enhances economic growth in high-income countries, whereas its effect on middle-income countries is comparatively modest. Additionally, tourism is found to substantially increase carbon emissions in high-income nations, with a less pronounced impact in middle-income counterparts. These results emphasize the urgent need for developing and implementing holistic, sustainable tourism policies that address both economic and environmental outcomes. While the study offers valuable insights, its scope is limited to Asian countries, which may restrict broader applicability. The originality of this research lies in its integrative approach, advocating for policies that ensure tourism-driven economic growth is both inclusive and environmentally sustainable.

THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article reveals the impact of European directives and policies on the development of the circular economy in Ukraine. In particular, the "Circular Economy Action Plan" and the EU Waste Directive, which serve as guidelines for adapting Ukrainian policy to European standards, are considered. The role of the EU in supporting Ukraine on the way to the implementation of circular practices is considered. Possibilities of cooperation with European partners to ensure sustainable development were explored. It is argued that the development of the circular economy contributes to reducing the level of waste and increasing the efficiency of resource use. The connection between European directives and national policy in the field of sustainable development is established. Based on the set goal, the key directions and mechanisms for adapting the principles of the circular economy in Ukraine are considered. The paper examines the impact of Russian aggression against Ukraine and establishes that each community needs the formation of a new management system, which should be aimed at their reconstruction and integration into the European Community on the basis of sustainable development, restoration of critical infrastructure, and energy security. Therefore, the expediency of developing the project of the Strategy for the Green Reconstruction of Territories on the basis of subsidiarity and taking into account the European Green Course is substantiated. The specified strategy must meet the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine until 2030 and be based on the planning system: state strategy - regional strategy - community strategies. Examples of successful implementation of circular practices in various countries and enterprises are highlighted. The article calls on the Government of Ukraine to actively implement circular principles in the country's economy in order to achieve greater sustainability, resource conservation and promote environmental responsibility in this important industry. Attention is focused on the fact that when forming a new model of the circular economy, it is necessary to take into account and connect the development of ecological innovations and, accordingly, the ecological economy.

Culinary Learning Using Virtual Reality Based on Gamification Method

Culinary is a promising business and food is a basic need for human life. Many people fall ill due to improper diet. Since the emergence of Covid-19 a few years ago, most people tend to be careful in maintaining their diet, and awareness of healthy food has increased. Significantly, learning with virtual reality-based gamification in post-pandemic conditions, many people prefer digital learning. To increase creativity, motivation, innovation, and student involvement and ultimately open many businesses in the food sector, fun learning is needed with interesting content with virtual reality-based gamification scenarios. Ease of learning will have an impact on improving culinary learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to learn using virtual reality-based gamification methods to increase student creativity in determining recipes, choosing the right ingredients, and using the right cooking utensils. Increase student learning motivation, and create innovation in the culinary field, from combining recipes to attractive presentations. Student involvement and its output is the creation of technopreneurs in the culinary field, considering that culinary is the backbone of a country's economy and is a promising business

CURRENT TRENDS AND COUNTERMEASURES OF INTERNATIONAL WASTE TRADE BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE

It has been proved in the article that with the development of the global economy and the advancement of the industrialization process, the amount of waste has been increasing, and the international trade of waste is becoming increasingly active. As an important trading partner, exchanges and cooperation between Ukraine and China in the field of waste are of great significance. However, the study of the current situation and problems of the two countries in this respect has shown that waste trade had also brought a series of problems and challenges, which need to be further studied and discussed. It has been appeared to become significance to further promote economic cooperation and environmental protection between the two sides. The authors believe that international waste trade carries significant environmental risks because improper management of imported waste can lead to soil, water and air pollution, which negatively affects the health of the population and the ecosystem. The article examines current trends and measures to counter the international waste trade between China and Ukraine. It has been emphasized that waste trade has a significant economic impact hence it is important to understand how these processes affect the country's economy, in particular, the development of the industry of waste processing and innovative technologies. This study contributes to the strengthening of international cooperation in the field of environmental protection and helps to establish effective mechanisms for joint solutions to problems related to waste trade. China's refusal to import certain types of waste significantly has changed the global market and affected many countries, including Ukraine. Further analysis of these changes will help to understand their consequences and find optimal solutions for adaptation to new conditions. Given the growing international movement of waste, it is important to analyse and improve legal and regulatory mechanisms that ensure control and prevent illegal trade, which can lead to environmental and economic problems. The main aspects of this trade have been analysed, including its scale, the types of waste exported and imported, as well as the legislative and regulatory mechanisms of both countries. Particular attention has been paid to the latest international and national initiatives aimed at reducing environmental risks associated with transboundary movement of waste.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SMART ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED COUNTRIES OF SOUTHEAST ASIA

Research subject. The development of the global economy indicates the formation of a new trend in the formation of the smart economy, which currently covers both developed and developing countries. According to the analysis, developed countries are leaders in economic development precisely because of the development of technologies that are the basis for the formation of the smart economy and the smart intellectualisation of economic activity. The smart economy in Asia is actively developing due to the intensive introduction of the latest technologies, innovative management approaches, and increased resource efficiency. Asian countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and India are leaders in the development of the smart economy. At the same time, Asian countries have been demonstrating one of the highest rates of economic development since the beginning of the XXI century, which is primarily due to the active technologisation of production and the spread of communication technologies in all areas of economic activity. Several technology centres are emerging in Asia, concentrating technology companies and creating a favourable environment for the development of the smart economy. Methodology. The article conducts a comparative analysis of the factors contributing to the development of the smart economy in individual Asian countries, identifies the most influential factors and the degree of their impact on each country. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the development of the smart economy and compare their impact in the economies of China, India and Singapore. To achieve this goal, the following research objectives are envisaged: to identify factors that have a significant impact on the development of the smart economy in different countries; to assess the impact of individual factors on the development of the smart economy in China, India and Singapore; to compare the impact of individual factors of the smart economy on the economies of these countries; and to assess the models of smart economy development in China, India and Singapore. Conclusion. The smart economy in Asia is characterised by unique features that reflect the cultural, technological and economic conditions of the region. The key features of the Asian smart economy include a high level of digitisation and technological integration, active development of smart cities, financial technologies (FinTech), a focus on automation and robotics, innovation hubs and support for start-ups, environmental sustainability and green energy, and the digitalisation of governance and public services. Asian countries are also distinguished by the integration of smart technologies into the everyday life of citizens and the support of innovation ecosystems at the state level.

ECONOMIC SECURITY CHALLENGES TO PAKISTAN DURING POST PANDEMIC ERA

Pakistan’s economy has faced many challenges since the inception of Pakistan as an independent state. The economy of country was largely dependent on agrarian resources during the initial decades and then industrial bases afterwards. During the past three decades it the economy of Pakistan depends on loans and financial aids from international financial institutions such as, IMF along the industrial growth. The world economy slowed down after the pandemic and it also had consequences on Pakistan economy. Covid-19 caused major disruption in Pakistan economy. As, Before pandemic the GDP growth rate was 2.50% in 2019 and it fell in negative point -1.27% during the fiscal year 2020. The economic challenges to Pakistan raised during pandemic era such as its GDP growth rate decreased in negative points, its fiscal debt increased to 12.74% in 2020 as compare to 2019. Unemployment, shut down of small businesses, increase in job displacement, fiscal deficit, decline in foreign direct investment are the few challenges to name. Therefore, the economic security of Pakistan had faced many challenges during the post pandemic era. The drastic impact of covid-19 forced government to take immediate steps to counter economic challenges. The first national security policy of Pakistan in this regard made economic indicators as a challenge and made economic security a part of national policy.

Imposing Corporate Death Penalty in Indonesia: A Discourse on Penalisation, Corporate Culture, and Deferred Prosecution Agreement

The Indonesian Penal Code 2023 regulates corporate criminal liability. It covers various issues, including the actions of a corporation that amount to corporate crimes, the conditions under which a corporation can be held criminally responsible, who can be held accountable, and the types of criminal sanctions imposed on corporations. The primary criminal sanction is the imposition of fines. However, several types of additional punishments may also be imposed, including dissolution of the corporation or, in other words, the “corporate death penalty”, which leads to a permanent termination of the corporation's operations, loss of jobs for employees, termination of production, and stoppage of tax payments to the government. Thus, if imposed without caution, corporate death penalty will negatively impact the state and society. This article analyses the effect of corporate death penalty on the society and highlights the need for judges to exercise caution before dissolving a corporation. The study applies normative legal research with the statutory and comparative approach. Primary and secondary legal materials were analysed. This article argues against the imposition of corporate death penalty in Indonesia for three reasons. First, Indonesia does not have sentencing guidelines for corporations. Second, Indonesia has not developed a Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) mechanism yet, which is an obstacle to developing a better corporate culture. Third, corporate death penalty has harmful impacts on a country's economy and public welfare; among others, it increases the unemployment rate, which impacts social life.

Research on the impact of digital economy on my country's manufacturing upgrading

With the profound changes in the global industrial economic situation and the further adjustment of the industrial competition pattern, the stability and security of my country's industrial chain and supply chain are facing major risks. In this context, promoting the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry has become the only way for the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. This paper first analyzes the mechanism of my country's digital economy driving the upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and examines it from the perspective of the spatial layout of the industrial chain, aiming to enrich the theoretical basis of the digital economy driving the development of the real economy, and provide useful countermeasures for my country's manufacturing industry to achieve upgrading under the drive of the digital economy. It has important theoretical and practical significance. This paper starts with "digital economy drives the spatial layout reconstruction of the manufacturing industry chain" and takes "realizing the upgrading of the manufacturing industry" as the ultimate goal. The reasonable spatial layout of the manufacturing industry chain and the upgrading of the manufacturing industry are two important aspects of the high-quality development of my country's manufacturing industry. The reasonable spatial layout of the manufacturing industry chain can promote the rational allocation of factor resources, narrow the regional gap, and realize the upgrading of my country's manufacturing industry more efficiently and comprehensively. Therefore, this paper studies the reconstruction of the spatial layout of the manufacturing industry chain driven by the digital economy, which can not only enhance the resilience of my country's manufacturing industry chain and supply chain, but also provide a path for the upgrading of the manufacturing industry. The two complement each other. Through systematic analysis and verification, this study reveals the role of the digital economy in promoting the reconstruction of the spatial layout of the manufacturing industry chain, and thus provides theoretical support and policy recommendations for achieving high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.

The Influence of Compensation, Perceived Supervisor Support, and Career Development on Intention to Stay with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable in XYZ Manufacturing Employees

This research aims to examine the company's efforts to retain competent employees in the textile industry. The research background shows that the textile industry in Indonesia has a significant contribution to the country's economy, but is faced with challenges in maintaining a competent workforce. The research was conducted at the company PT XYZ, one of the textile manufacturing companies in Tangerang. The method used is quantitative with the SEM-PLS analysis technique. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to employees. This research aims to examine the influence of compensation, perceived supervisor support, and career development on intention to stay which is mediated by job satisfaction. The research results show that the work environment, superior behavior, career development and compensation are factors that influence employees' desire to continue working at the company. This research emphasizes the importance for organizations to create a conducive work environment, build good relationships between employees and superiors, and match the workload with the compensation received. These findings provide managerial implications for textile companies in managing human resources to maintain business sustainability and competitiveness.

Development of a Predictive Model Based on the Alignment Tool in the Early Stages of Projects: The Case of Saudi Arabia Infrastructure Projects

The construction industry plays a substantial role in shaping the economies of many countries. Construction management faces various challenges that can lead to project failures, particularly in infrastructure projects struggling to meet cost and time requirements. Inadequate project planning and the intricate nature of construction projects can cause participants’ project goals to not align. It is crucial to address these challenges early in the planning stages to ensure project success. This research involved investigating previous studies to understand current practices for improving infrastructure project planning and selecting the best pre-project planning tool. Infrastructure projects in the Saudi construction industry are used as a case study. A questionnaire was prepared based on essential alignment issues affecting team alignment during pre-project planning. Participants rated the level of agreement with alignment issues and the overall success of a project they worked on. The study utilized descriptive and inferential analysis techniques to assess infrastructure project success rates and develop a predictive model driven by the alignment tool. Multiple linear regression techniques were used during the model’s development, and validation and reliability outputs were obtained. By evaluating all relevant stakeholders, the model generates a score to facilitate the pre-project planning process, increasing the likelihood of project success. The study found that the model’s predictive accuracy was 94%. This research is significant in creating a predictive model applicable to infrastructure projects, enhancing project management practices by enabling project teams to evaluate project progress, identify projects in need of corrective action, and ultimately improve project performance, leading to cost and time savings.

Роль малых предприятий в аграрной экономике: оценка вклада в сельскохозяйственное производство

Small businesses and peasant (farm) households play a key role in agricultural production in Russia, making a significant contribution to the development of the agricultural sector. The relevance of this study is due to the need to analyze the contribution of small enterprises to the total volume of agricultural production and assess their impact on the country's economy. The purpose of the article is to study the role of small enterprises and farms in the agricultural economy of Russia based on data on the share of small enterprises in agricultural production and the main indicators of farmers' activities. The hypothesis of the study is that small enterprises play an important role in the production of crop products, but their contribution to livestock farming remains relatively small. The conducted data analysis showed that small enterprises provide a significant part of the production of grain and oilseeds, but their share in the livestock sector is small. In addition, farms demonstrate steady growth in crop production, especially in the production of grain and oilseeds. The conclusions of the article highlight the importance of further development of small businesses and farms through improved access to financial resources, government support and the introduction of innovative technologies to increase their competitiveness and sustainable growth in the agricultural economy.

Trade Openness, Export Quality and Economic Growth Nexus in Kenya

Economic growth is a major concern for developing and underdeveloped countries. High economic growth creates opportunities for poverty eradication, employment creation, investment, and wealth creation. While measures to enhance cross-border trade are regarded as effective in enabling economic growth, studies have yielded mixed results on their impacts. Kenya's trade openness level has declined, besides the country implementing various policies to strengthen cross-border trade. Trade openness declined from 57 percent to 27 percent between 1990 and 2020, underscoring the need to understand its effects on Kenya's economy. The general objective of this research was to analyze the impact of trade openness on Kenya's economic growth, and the specific objectives were to determine the impact of trade openness on the economic growth of Kenya and to establish the effects of the quality of exported products on economic growth in Kenya. Ordinary least squares estimation technique was used to determine the relationship among variables. The study established that trade openness does not lead to increased economic growth in Kenya. The research further found that an increase in the quality of exports increases economic growth in Kenya. The study concluded that Kenya should enhance the quality of its exports and diversify them to improve economic growth. Further, the paper observed that Kenya should lower the cost of doing business in the country to make her industries and products competitive, which can help ensure trade openness positively impacts the country's economy. It was observed that attempts to restrict trade openness are likely to lead Kenya to experience similar measures from its trading partners.

Choosing the Best Sustainable Prefabricated Building Systems Using the Analytical Network Process (ANP) Technique

Attention should be paid to prefabricated construction, as the consumption of raw materials in traditional construction is large and affects the country's resources and economy. Sustainable prefabricated building systems in Iraq suffer from a clear weakness in management due to the use of old methods and a lack of focus on important management criteria. This research addresses this issue by modeling the analytical network process (ANP) technique to select the best types of systems. By reviewing the general literature, 80 indicators were identified within the 12 relevant categories. These indicators formed the basis of a closed questionnaire distributed to 90 experienced respondents. Three prefabricated building systems were identified based on the structural composition (load-bearing wall system, frame system, and box system). The expert questionnaire was analyzed using the ANP technique and the Sustainability Index (SI) for each system was found using the Excel program and it was found that the best sustainable prefabricated building system is the box system. This research helps to improve the management of prefabricated building projects and increase speed, quality, pollution, and reduce the cost of housing in Iraq, which suffers from high costs

Order Management in the Era of Customization

The economic growth and development of the country largely depends on success in the main industries, where mechanical engineering plays a key role. The economies of different countries rely on industrial enterprises that satisfy people’s needs through the production of goods and services. To ensure competitiveness in a dynamically changing market, continuous improvement and development of enterprises is required. In the current conditions, mechanical engineering enterprises increasingly need to adapt to each individual customer, which in turn forces them to rebuild enterprises to the parameters typical for single or small-scale production. The production process is the joint work of tools, equipment and personnel through which products are produced. The complexity of the process of releasing new products is due to the involvement of a large number of departments involved in this process. Order execution is based primarily on the management of production systems. One of the most important processes in enterprise management is the order management process.The purpose of this study is to determine the methods of optimizing the order management process and reducing the influence of the internal cooperation factor on the increase of the period of its implementation at machine-building enterprises. As a methodological basis such general scientific methods as analysis, synthesis, comparison and contrast were used. As the information base, the article analyzes the works of modern authors who consider the issues of order management and such an element of the organizational structure as internal cooperation between departments, their influence on the internal processes of the enterprise and the timing of order execution. The features of the planning process for a single type of production are considered. In the course of the work, the main reasons for the shift in previously determined order completion dates, the most important indicators for order fulfillment, the peculiarities of the planning process at the unit type of production were considered, as well as the most frequently encountered problems during project implementation were identified. In connection with the trend towards changes and development of enterprises, in terms of changes in order management processes for customized products, an increase in the number of created enterprises and an increase in the share of customized products, a conclusion was made about the relevance of studying the order management process in a single type of production at machine-building enterprises. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further study of the issues under consideration. The materials can be used in companies in the real sector of the economy, in administrative structures and in the educational process.

The Government Expenditure of Education in Ethiopia: Impact and Prospects Ahead

Ethiopia is not an exception to the rule that government spending on education has a significant influence on a nation's economic progress. The impact of government investment on education on Ethiopia's economic growth is examined in this article. Ethiopia has significantly expanded its educational spending in the last ten years with the goal of raising literacy rates, boosting school enrollment, and advancing the development of human capital overall. Positive results like increased enrollment rates and improved educational access have been a result of this investment, and these are crucial for developing a competent labor force and promoting economic growth. However, a number educational issues, such as poor infrastructure, subpar teachers, and regional differences in resource distribution, affect how beneficial this investment will be. It is observed that government expenditure on education in Ethiopia is significant, there are still areas that require attention in order to maximize its impact on the country's economy. By addressing these challenges and continuing to invest in education, Ethiopia can further enhance its economic potential and promote sustainable development for the future.

The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Foreign Tourist Visits in Indonesia: GARCH Analysis

In this era of globalization, currency exchange rates are one of the crucial factors affecting a country's economy. The exchange rate of a country's currency plays an important role in economic stability and international trade, especially in the tourism sector. This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis to identify patterns of rupiah exchange rate volatility using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model, and then examine whether these patterns have a significant correlation with the number of foreign tourist arrivals in Indonesia. In analyzing the data, researchers conducted several classical assumption tests, namely the normality test and the heteroscedasticity test. The test results show that the data used, namely the rupiah exchange rate data and the number of foreign tourist visits, are not normally distributed and heteroscedastic. In this case, it resulted in researchers not use the Pearson correlation test so they used the Kendall-Tau correlation test and Granger Causality test which resulted in the two variables being correlated. Furthermore, GARCH modeling is carried out which provides forecasting on both data to increase in 2024. The results of this study are expected to provide a basis for consideration for stakeholders to determine policies, especially in the financial and tourism sectors.

Econometric forecasting of production matrix by total output in the framework of interindustry balance: Evidence from European firms

The paper is devoted to testing the core prerequisite of inter-industry balance methodology which states, that intermediate consumption is strictly proportional to the total output of an industry, or, in other words, production matrix is constant over time. The paper uses standard econometric and statistical tools to test the hypothesis of proportionality of intermediate consumption to the total output. The statistical base of the study is the world input-output tables collected for the period from 2000 to 2022 from European firms. By conducting a rigorous empirical analysis, we find that tested prerequisite cannot be considered as valid. We also propose a methodology of point forecasting of production matrices by total output, which helps to make more accurate forecasts compared to the trivial model, when production matrix is assumed to stay unchanged. The proposed methodology is to extend the input-output methodology by introducing the coefficients of proportionality of changes in intermediate consumption and changes in the total output. Proportionality coefficients are proposed to be obtained by regression equations based on statistical data of input-output tables. The results of this work can be useful for executive authorities in planning large state economic projects, as well as in assessing the impact of external shocks on the country's economy.

Entrepreneurship Education and Self-Efficacy: How Do They Affect the Entrepreneurial Readiness of Vocational Students?

The dearth of entrepreneurial activity in Indonesia can be attributed to the lack of requisite skills possessed by those who aspire to become entrepreneurs. It is evident that aspiring entrepreneurs lack the necessary skills to play an effective role in the country's economy. Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to implement tangible measures with the objective of enhancing the country's economic performance. In addition, it is essential to implement concrete measures with the aim of improving entrepreneurial skills among the population. One potential avenue for improvement is through educational initiatives that impart the requisite skills. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of entrepreneurial readiness on students from an early age. This study examines the effect of entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial readiness of vocational students. The data utilized in this study were collected from primary sources. The data were processed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) partial least squares (PLS) version 4.0.2 application. The SEM-PLS Version 4.0.2 application demonstrated that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education plays a pivotal role in fostering vocational students' readiness for entrepreneurship. The study found that self-efficacy has a significant effect on vocational students' readiness for entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the results indicated that entrepreneurship education