Country's Agricultural Development Research Articles

Analysis of agricultural economic development and optimisation measures under the strategy of rural revitalisation

Abstract In order to better promote economic development, my country has successively issued many preferential policies, which have created more and better opportunities for economic development and the improvement of comprehensive national strength. My country’s agricultural development has more development momentum and long-term planning goals. This paper firstly sorts out the practical and theoretical significance of implementing the rural revitalisation strategy. Based on doing a good job in agricultural economic management, when conducting cointegration analysis, the stationarity of the time series is tested, and an error correction model (ECM) is introduced as a supplement. It lays foundation for the analysis of optimisation measures; secondly, the ADF test is carried out for the constructed ECM, and the entropy method and the analytic hierarchy process are used to calculate various indicators. Finally, according to the numerical results obtained, the agricultural economy under the rural revitalisation strategy is completed. The analysis of development and optimisation measures can fundamentally solve the limitations of the concept of rural development, break through the shackles of traditional development models, explore a path more suitable for the development of new rural areas and new agricultural economy and fundamentally improve the quality of production and life of farmers.

Motivation factors of internal migration and agriculture in Azerbaijan

With increasing non-constructive urbanization in Azerbaijan, there is a need to study the features of internal migration in the country. This study aims to identify the fundamental factors that underlie internal migration in the country's agriculture sector. A survey of 3498 agricultural workers from regions in Azerbaijan and the probit-model method have been used to group the factors that determine internal migration activity in this industry. The most significant factor in deciding on migration is the ratio of individual human capital development to the region's standard of living. Complementary factors of a directly proportional impact on internal migration in agriculture, in order of priority, are personal and professional mobility, infrastructural development of the region, and development of healthcare and education in the area. The study's results can help improve the effectiveness of the country's agricultural development strategy and urbanization management.

Environmental degradation effect on agricultural development: an aggregate and a sectoral evidence of carbon dioxide emissions from Ghana

PurposeQuality environment is argued to be essential for ensuring food security. The effect of environmental degradation on agriculture has thus gained the attention of researchers. However, the analyses of aggregate and sectoral effect of carbon dioxide emissions on agricultural development are limited in the literature. Consequently, this study examines the effect of aggregate and sectoral carbon emissions on Ghana's agricultural development.Design/methodology/approachTime-series data from 1971 to 2017 are employed for the study. Regression analysis and a variance decomposition analysis are employed in the study.FindingsThe results show that the country's agricultural development is negatively affected by aggregate carbon emission while financial development, labour and capital increases agricultural development. Further, industrial development and emissions from transport sector, industrial sector and other sectors adversely affect Ghana's agriculture development. The contribution of carbon emission together with other explanatory variables to the changes in agricultural development generally increases over the period.Originality/valueThis study analyses the aggregate and sectoral carbon dioxide emission effect on Ghana's agricultural development.

MODERN TRENDS IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON AND WAYS TO ENSURE ITS SUSTAINABILITY

It has been established that agriculture is the backbone of Cameroon's economy, where 80% of the labor force is engaged in the agricultural sector and provides 22.3% of gross domestic product and 30% of its export revenues. The investigated branch forms the commodity supply of agricultural products both on the domestic and foreign markets, the following types of products: cocoa, coffee, cotton, bananas, palm oil, tobacco, tea, pineapple, corn, millet, sorghum, yams, potatoes, beans and rice. It has been determined that the livestock sector has been developed throughout the country and plays an especially important role in the northern region of the country. It has been proved that the main goal of the country's agricultural development is to ensure food security, whose achievement is strongly influenced by globalization of climate change. For the country under study, the country's orientation towards a "product concept" is characteristic, in which the main objective is to ensure the physical and economic availability of agricultural food. The strategic priorities in the country's agricultural development, which include the mobilization of local resources for intensive production taking into account environmental requirements, are highlighted. It is substantiated that today specialized regions have been formed in relation to the production of certain types of products, which allowed to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. It is noted that there are differences in indicators of productivity of agricultural production in farms and research stations, which proves the existence of unused reserves for improving production efficiency. The characteristic features of development of agricultural production of the country are systematized: low level of technical support; a manifestation of the tendency to increase the land of farms; the prevalence of small commodity producers; low income farmers; predominance of informal economic relations; use of manual labor; complicated access to loan financing sources; low level of involvement of commodity producers in value added chains. It is proved that under conditions of intensification of investment activity in the country's agriculture and realization of the foreseen measures of the strategic national plan, conditions and preconditions for effective development, modernization of production infrastructure, access of farmers to sources of financing and other components of sustainable development will be formed. It is highlighted that one of the conditions for the sustainable development of agriculture in the country is the intensification of agricultural production, which will promote ecological and social sustainability. Important instruments for its achievement are technological innovations in the direction of introducing new or improved agro technology of cultivation and modern management practices, new breeds of farm animals and poultry, integrated practices for improving soil fertility and widespread replacement of manual labor. Innovative solutions need to be coordinated with the specifics of the production process, and in terms of environmental and water and energy intensity. Key words: agriculture, food safety, farmer, innovation, investment attractiveness.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Suitability of Agricultural Land in Myanmar

Myanmar is a country with an economy based on agriculture. It has rich agricultural resources and great potential for development. The development of agriculture in Myanmar is becoming increasingly important to international food security. Assessments of agricultural land resources in Myanmar are the basis for the country's agricultural development and for food security evaluations. In this paper we used the MaxEnt model to analyze the relationship between the suitability of land for agricultural reclamation and the main environmental variables in Myanmar, and then constructed a model to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar. The results show that: 1) the overall accuracy of the MaxEnt model is high (AUC>0.8), which means there is a high correlation between the database of selected environmental indicators and the true distribution of cultivated land in Myanmar. 2) Soil depth is the most important factor affecting the suitability of land for agriculture in Myanmar. When the thickness of soil layer is less than 100 cm, the suitability of land for agriculture is low. With respect to topographic conditions, slope is the main factor affecting suitability. When the slope is greater than 20 degrees, the suitability of land for agriculture is low. With respect to climate conditions, precipitation is the main influencing factor. There is a positive correlation between river network density and land suitability. 3) Currently, 400 000 km2 of the land resources in Myanmar are suitable for agriculture, and of this amount 290 000 km2 are highly suitable, accounting for nearly 40% of the country's land area. The highly suitable land is distributed mainly in Magway, Sagaing, Ayeyarwady and Yangon provinces. The provinces are also important grain production areas in Myanmar, and this serves to validate the effectiveness of the method used in this paper.

Patriotism and Food Sovereignty: Changes in the Social Imaginary of Small‐Scale Farming in Post‐Euromaidan Ukraine

AbstractThis article discusses the relations between patriotism and food sovereignty in post‐Euromaidan Ukraine. It investigates how the rising Ukrainian national identity and patriotic sentiments during the geopolitical conflict with Russia led to a change in the social imaginary of traditional small‐scale farming. Formerly, household farming was seen as a coping strategy of the post‐Soviet population and a relic of the socialist past, doomed to disappear in the nearest future. Nowadays, more and more Ukrainians view small‐scale farming as a sustainable alternative to large‐scale industrial agriculture, which could feed Ukraine (and Europe) with ecological and healthy food. This study uses primary qualitative and quantitative data collected during field research before and after the Euromaidan revolution to reveal how pro‐European aspirations and rising patriotism contribute to the emerging discourses on the ‘rights to food and to farm’ in Ukraine. This transformation could bring a new trajectory to the country's agricultural development and might lead to the emergence of a food sovereignty movement.

To the question of formation of earthquakes of corporate structures of agricultural production

The article analyzes the development of corporate structures in agricultural production, proves the influence of corporate formations on the efficiency of agrarian production. On the basis of the analysis of official information of agro holdings, an assessment was made of the efficiency of their activities and a conclusion was made about the optimal size of their structural subdivisions. The advantages and disadvantages of integrated structures are highlighted, peculiarities of formation of their land relations are determined. Issues of expansion of land masses of agro holdings related to the conclusion of land lease agreements are considered. The association of separate agro-industrial enterprises of various industrial-economic orientation form an independent legal entity - a legal entity. The economic feasibility of the creation and functioning of corporate associations is objective based on obtaining the greatest effect, the essence of which is that the result of the joint corporate activities of economic structures will always be higher compared to the results of the individual work of each of them. Corporate forms of management in agriculture were founded in Ukraine on the basis of the general theoretical model of an open, competitive, multi-faceted agricultural market economy type, aimed at an integrated world economic system. The methodology of construction involves taking into account the world economic trends and the national specificity of the country's agricultural development; it is aimed at finding rational forms of organization of agricultural production, mechanisms for overcoming crisis phenomena, stabilizing the economy and creating conditions for further qualitative and quantitative growth of the agrarian sector of the economy. For many years, leading American co-operators have been distributing concepts and concepts that are perceived and used throughout the world. This work is coordinated by the Organization for International Cooperative Development in Agriculture, and thanks to its efforts, many countries in the world have implemented projects for the development and strengthening of cooperative organizations owned by agricultural producers. The experience of cooperative and corporatization in the US agriculture can be useful for restructuring the agriculture of countries undergoing a stage of market transformation, and Ukraine has the necessary conditions for developing, along with production agricultural cooperatives, corporate and partner forms of management. The essence of corporate structures in agriculture consists in the grouping of owners of land and property, funds of agricultural enterprises in a certain form of organization. The highest form of corporate education is considered to be those in which not individuals are integrated, but enterprises of different profile who work for the final consumer product. The consolidation of the land masses of agricultural holdings is largely due to the advantages of integrated structures: firstly, significant savings on the scale of acquisition of means of production: second, not new conditions of collateral - agricultural products are a pledge for non-agricultural activities of holdings. In order to improve the procedure for forming the land masses of integrated structures, it is necessary to: improve the system of state land resources management, continue to formulate the necessary legislative and normative base on issues of agrarian land use and functioning of the agricultural land market; to form an effective mechanism for the functioning of a fully-fledged, state-regulated market of agricultural land: to improve the economic mechanism of regulation of land relations. Keywords: corporate structures, agricultural production, efficiency, production activity, market economy.

Sustainable agricultural development in China

An immense and increasingly well-to-do population has forced China to relent in strictly following the principles of organic farming that so strongly characterized its agriculture for centuries. The environmental and fossil-fuel energy problems accompanying China's remarkable rural economic development during the 1980s have caused an intensive reexamination of the country's agricultural development policies. Emerging from this reexamination is the concept of “ecological” agricultural development involving the hybrid pursuit of “conventional” innovative and modern technologies from the West, and traditional organic practices from times past in China. This article portrays the background for and current status of Chinese agricultural development, characterizes and presents illustrative results from China's strategy for ecological agricultural development, and highlights similarities and contrasts between ecological agriculture in China and sustainable agriculture in the West.

‘SchooI-to-Iand’ programme: a viable economic strategy for rural development in Nigeria?

This appraises a new strategy of rural development being tried in Nigeria, it is aimed at mobilising school leavers into becoming farmers and bringing them in as serious multipliers of the country's agricultural development effort. In drawing from the experiences of the Rivers State (where it all began) and Oyo State (a recent convert), the paper examines the planning dimensions, comparative conditions, and the contents of the new strategy. Despite laudable objectives, the achievements remain limited; the lack of follow-up support from programme sponsors is a major cause of frustration.

Prospects and problems for foreign investment in Nigerian agriculture

The encouraging experience of some African countries regarding the involvement of foreign investors in their agricultural sector and the determination of the Nigerian government to follow suit motivated this discussion on the prospects and problems of such a policy in the Nigerian context. It is, however, evident that Nigeria has enough natural resources to support any foreign investor willing to participate in the country's agricultural development programme. The country's land, which extends from the tropics to the desert, is fertile and could sustain a variety of crops that can be marketed both within and outside the country: only a third of this arable land is currently under effective cultivation. In addition, the Nigerian government is encouraging private investment in large-scale agriculture with new incentives that include an increase in the share of foreign investors in agriculture, tax relief on new agricultural business, generous credit facilities, and provision of essential infrastructural facilities. Nonetheless, problems such as the communal land tenure system, marketing and distribution of produce, irregular supply of electricity and water, and inefficient telecommunication systems were identified as possible factors that can jeopardize the successful involvement of foreign investors in Nigerian agriculture.

The adaptation of co-operative structures to the development of Nigerian agriculture: The problems of managing group farming co-operatives

This account of the study of group farming in Nigeria focuses on two group organisations in Oyo State. The main characteristics of the groups are analysed in respect of farm sizes, age, structure of members and how available resources are organised. The major management problems of the groups were found to be lack of credit provision and the difficulty of ensuring true co-operation between members. The study suggests that in their present form group farming activities are not a viable model for the country's agricultural development and that there is an urgent need to re-think support policy to group farming development.

Infrastructure and Aggregate Agricultural Productivity: International Evidence

A relationship has long been recognized between a country's agricultural development and its investment in infrastructure capital, such as transportation and communication facilities, that is not directly related to the agricultural production process. The relevant literature spans Adam Smith's proposition That the Division of Labour is Limited by the Extent of the Market; the work of von Thtinen; numerous studies by historians and economic historians; and the work of economists such as Schultz, Kuznets, Wharton, Owens, and Johnston and Kilby, to mention a few.' Despite the apparently widespread recognition and acceptance that a relationship exists between agricultural development and infrastructural development, few, if any, empirical studies test this as a hypothesis and provide estimates of the magnitude of such a relationship.2 The aim of this paper is to utilize 1965 aggregate agricultural production data and the concept of the aggregate production function to study the effects of transportation and communication infrastructure on aggregate agricultural productivity. The aggregate data come from 47 less developed countries (LDCs) and 19 developed countries (DCs); the sample countries are listed in the Appendix. The use of intercountry comparisons for development studies dates to Clark and the pioneering work of Kuznets, and it has been exploited econometrically by Chenery.3 An important contribution to the study of international agricultural productivity was made by Hayami and Ruttan, who showed that an aggregate agricultural production function that accounts for intercountry differences in resource endowments, technical (modern) inputs, and human capital can explain a large proportion of the variation in aggregate agricultural output across more and less developed agricultures.4 Evenson and Kislev modified Hayami and Ruttan's model by including a variable measuring each country's investment in agricultural research.5 Essentially the same