Ranking Of Countries Research Articles

Fuzzy Implication Operators: Health Security and Political Risk

In this paper, we develop a new method to determine a fuzzy similarity measure using fuzzy implication operators. We use this method to determine the fuzzy similarity between the two rankings of countries involving health security and health care. We then find a fuzzy similarity of countries involving the two rankings of countries with respect to national disaster and political disaster.

The dynamics of translation from and into Arabic in the Arab world: bibliometric analysis of the Index Translationum UNESCO database (1979–2012)

This bibliometric study aims to analyze the translated literature in the Arab nations that exhibit the highest levels of dynamism spanning from 1979–2012, using the Index Translationum database. Furthermore, it aims to determine the status of the Arabic language in the translation industry by identifying the most frequently translated Arabic works into other languages and the languages with the highest number of translations into Arabic. The study inclusion criteria consider several factors: the source language (Arabic), the target language (Arabic), the Arab nations included in The Index Translationum, and the foreign languages that are most frequently translated to and from Arabic. It is found that despite the rich history and extensive usage of the Arabic language in the Middle East and North Africa, it is ranked 29th among the top 50 languages for translated literature. However, it is noted that the Index, which makes it possible to observe the mapping of translation in the Arab world in accordance with specific parameters, provides no statistics on certain Arab countries beyond 2012. Therefore, the Index does not provide up-to-date information. Further, the ranking of Arab countries in the Index does not seem to align with the official data of certain countries such as Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PPP GOVERNANCE IN SELECTED LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES: A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACH

This paper aims to propose guidelines for an optimal relationship between a PPP unit and different entities that participate in a PPP process, according to the size of the country and considering the phases of the PPP process. We evaluate the different governance models of this type of alliances in the region. To this end, we analyze the role played in the PPP project cycle by the main public actors (PPP units, Ministries of Finance, Contracting Ministries and the Development Bank). We also seek to quantitatively analyze how the governance of PPPs influences the quality and quantity of projects through the incentives it creates for different actors. After diagnosing and elaborating the guidelines based on the analysis of incentives in institutional frameworks of selected countries, we tested the results considering the INFRASCOPE. This publication contains a ranking of LATAM countries concerning their willingness to carry out PPPs and for this purpose uses variables such as Regulations and Institutions, Project Preparation and Sustainability, Financing, Risk Management and Contract Monitoring, and Performance Evaluation and Impact. This exercise involves using principal component analysis to assess the robustness of the survey. To facilitate the analysis and interpretation, we standardized the scores of the factors assigned to each indicator along the scale from 0 to 100. The result of the exercise indicates that Brazil and Chile are the countries with the best governance conditions for PPPs. Peru, Costa Rica, Colombia, El Salvador and Mexico also have desirable levels of governance.

Предотвращение преждевременного старения нации с помощью телеграм-бота BIOAGE_BOT.

Over the past decades, the average life expectancy of Russians has increased significantly, but in the ranking of long-living countries for 2023, Russia ranks 128th (74,56 years). One of the problems of domestic healthcare is the lack of awareness of both the population and medical personnel about modern medical approaches to prevention, the importance of changing risk factors associated with lifestyle and nutrition, as well as low adherence to these recommendations. The aim of the research work was to develop a telegram bot that analyzes lifestyle and nutrition habits, providing scientifically based and personalized recommendations for correcting identified risk factors in a playful and accessible form. Analysis of the data obtained based on filling out a questionnaire in the chatbot showed that 76% of users generally adhere to a healthy lifestyle, having at least 4 healthy habits. Of these, 89% do not smoke, and 67% abstain from drinking alcohol. 53,5% of the study participants have a biological age exceeding their passport age. 40% of respondents are overweight, including 18% who have varying degrees of obesity. Also, 30,9% of participants drink less than a liter of water per day. Integrating such a questionnaire with data from laboratory diagnostic providers may open up new opportunities for conducting meaningful epidemiological studies.

Inequalities in the level of sustainable development in the European Union countries

The aim of the research is to assess the degree of differentiation of sustainable development in the European Union countries in 2015-2019 and to group EU countries by the level of sustainability. In order to achieve the stated goal, a linear and non-linear ordering of selected variables included in the four orders that constitute sustainable development: social, economic, environmental, as well as institutional and political, was carried out. As a result of linear ordering, four groups of countries were distinguished. The linear ordering procedure was preceded by the construction of a synthetic variable. Ward's hierarchical method, based on Euclidean distance, was used as a non-linear ordering method. The data used in the analysis came from the Eurostat database. The research carried out shows significant inequalities in the level of sustainable development of EU countries. This applies to sustainable development in the integrated approach and to the assessment of individual orders. The rankings of countries in each order differ significantly from each other, and the overall assessment of sustainable development shows the greatest correlation between economic, institutional, and political order. Research results show that the leaders in sustainable development include Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Austria, and Estonia. At the other pole are Greece, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania.

Introduction. Between Health and Illness. Literary conceptualizations of physical and mental suffering in contemporary Nordic literature

The present text serves as an introduction to the special issue of Folia Scandinavica Posnaniensia, “Between Health and Illness,” which is devoted to contemporary discourse on health and illness in Nordic literatures. Even though Scandinavian countries rank highest in happiness and well-being, illness as a literary motif maintains constant popularity and interest among both writers and scholars. The editors provide brief presentations of each contribution, some of which originate from conference speeches held in December 2022 in Poznań.

Multivariate Analysis of the Sustainable Development of the Silver Economy in the European Union Countries

The ageing of societies is one of the biggest challenges of the modern world. The response to this new reality is the development of the silver economy. It is a multidimensional concept that is an extremely important factor in sustainable development. The aim of this article is to compare EU countries according to selected aspects of the development of the silver economy. This study covered the years 2009–2021. It was conducted on the basis of data from the Eurostat database. This study used multivariate statistical analysis methods: k-means, COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) in a dynamic approach, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and hierarchical clustering. EU countries differ in terms of the studied aspects of the silver economy in a north–south direction. In the period under study, there were significant changes in the country rankings and these changes were not the same for the EU countries. Also, most EU countries indicated improvements in terms of analyzed aspects of the silver economy. An innovative approach is the use of the COPRAS method in a dynamic approach, thanks to which it is possible to develop not only country rankings, but also to analyze the dynamics of changes.

The size of higher education, R&D expenditure, academic documents and international rankings

This study explored the correlations among the number of higher education institutions, R&D expenditures, international academic publications, and international rankings in Taiwan on an annual basis. The case study is based on Taiwan's 1996 education reform policy, which allowed the establishment of new universities and colleges, followed by a decline in birth rates affecting the educational environment. The study covers the period from 1996 to 2023, spanning 28 years. Data were obtained from the Scientific Journal Rankings (SJR) by the Scimago Journal & Country Rank and statistics published by local authorities. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed a significant relationship between the number of higher education institutions and improvements in international rankings, as evidenced by the increase in international academic publications. This finding underscores the crucial role of universities and colleges in enhancing international rankings and academic output. The strong positive correlation between R&D expenditure and academic output further emphasizes the importance of research funding. However, the regressive effect on the country's rankings suggests a need for more effective allocation of R&D funds. The Granger causality tests highlighted the bidirectional feedback between changes in academic production and international rankings. This finding underscores the dynamic nature of academic performance and rankings and the potential impact of R&D expenditure on these outcomes. This highlights the need for higher education institutions to strengthen industry-academia cooperation models, diversify their financial resources, and increase R&D investment. By optimizing the use of research personnel and expanding research departments, institutions can mitigate the negative impact of a declining number of institutions on academic performance.

AGGREGATED CORRUPTION RATINGS: ASSESSMENT OF POSITIONS USING THE CASE OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMY

The paper investigates corruption risks in Ukraine using the most common aggregated indicators: Corruption Perceptions Index, Basel AML Index, Financial Secrecy Index, Global Corruption Index, Global Organized Crime Index, Index of Public Integrity, TRACE Bribery Risk Matrix. The analysis of corruption spread in the economy of Ukraine for each of the indicators is presented in comparison with the best and worst examples of countries in a particular ranking. The article uses the method of comparative analysis and the method of data visualisation. Based on the assessment of the dynamics of many indicators, it is proved that anti-corruption reforms in Ukraine are being carried out more or less effectively, but the main task today is to build a qualitative trend of fighting corruption in the context of war, which will facilitate Ukraine’s progress towards EU and NATO membership.

Artificial Intelligence Usage in Communication Field: An Analysis on Communication Journals

Artificial intelligence usage in the communication field is of strategic importance. However, most communication practitioners and academicians have not noticed the gains in momentum substantially artificial intelligence. Through communication journals, this study aims to examine how artificial intelligence is used, its effects, and how important it is in communication. This study was designed as a content analysis and bibliometric analysis study. The sample of this study is AI-based articles in Web of Science Q1 indices communication journals. It selected and examined the first sixteen journals in communication keyword search based on SCImago Journal & Country Rank. This study revealed artificial intelligence usage in the communication industry and field, in addition to AI's impact and significance and AI-based technologies in communication. It was found that the most used method for artificial intelligence-based articles in communication journals was the semi-structured interview method. It is seen that common keywords in AI-based articles and communication journals are announced as human-machine communication, machine learning, artificial agent, artificial intelligence, bias, and social media concepts. In this study, a positive correlation between communication science and artificial intelligence technologies was observed. This study contributes to new studies on artificial intelligence, communication, the impacts of artificial intelligence on communication, new communication technologies, generative AI, human-machine communication, and other related areas.

DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH TOURISM IN THE RESORT REGIONS OF THE LEADING COUNTRIES OF WESTERN EUROPE

The main types of health tourism are considered, the main functional components of resorts are defined: wellness tourism establishments and special institutions and facilities for medical use. They, in turn, are further divided into subspecies. It was found that the health tourism market changes every year due to new classifications and newly developed tourist services for tourists. While retaining its foundational principles, medical tourism continues to evolve, introducing diverse specialized programs for rehabilitation and flexible recovery plans. Based on the regional analysis, Germany has been found to dominate the market for a long time. The development of medical and health tourism in Europe has led to the compilation of a 2022 ranking of the most visited spa centers, with several located in Western Europe. A feature of health tourism services in the countries of Western Europe is the infrastructure, which is also supported and updated thanks to profits from other sectors of the countries' tourism market. On the territory of the countries of Western Europe, there are world-famous objects of medical and health tourism, which is one of the reasons for the demand of tourists in these countries. Also, this region provides a variety of professional services and tourist products, which are in wide demand in the global market of medical and health tourism. The statistical indicators of the health care market are determined and the statistical data of tourist flows to the countries of Western Europe are given, as well as the rating of health care facilities of Western countries, which are leaders in the European and World rankings, was created. According to the data, statistics of the best medical and health facilities in Western Europe and the World were created, where France takes the first place, the institution – this rating includes other countries of Western Europe, among them Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. According to The Global Wellness Economy: Country Rankings of 2023, the top of the largest markets in Europe was created – the first place is occupied by Germany – 223.9 billion dollars, the second place is Great Britain –158.4 billion dollars, the third place – France – 133.1 billion dollars. It has been determined that there are about 900 spas in Germany, including mineral, mud, climatic, marine and hydrotherapy resorts, as well as 700 ski resorts. The French market consists of 625 spas and 249 ski resorts. Switzerland has more than 300 ski resorts, including Davos and St. Moritz. In Austria, there are famous balneological resorts of Badgastein, where radon sources are used. Austria has more than 400 ski resorts, some of which are world-famous. More than 300 ski resorts are located in Switzerland.

Perspectives Historical and Contemporary on Employee Turnover: A Literature Review

For over a century, employee turnover has been a topic of interest for many researchers globally. This literature review primarily aimed to examine the evolution of employee turnover from the perspective of senior researchers and to discuss potential future research directions in the field. The methodology was qualitative, involving a comprehensive bibliographic review. Searches were conducted in databases such as Scopus, SciELO, PsycArticles, JSTOR, Wiley, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, resulting in the analysis of 77 articles from international journals ranked “Q1” in the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (2022 evaluation) and Brazilian journals from the “A” stratum of Qualis/CAPES (2017-2020 quadrennium). The key findings revealed that: (i) the historical evolution of turnover studies highlights the increasing interest in the topic and the pursuit of understanding its causes, characteristics, and consequences; (ii) initially, the phenomenon was addressed through individual characteristics and aspects, but research has evolved towards collective approaches at group, unit, and organizational levels; (iii) the studies analyzed in recent decades highlight the diversity of contexts across different continents, with a focus on cultural and value influences affecting turnover. The main conclusions indicate that, historically, the phenomenon of employee turnover began to be analyzed in the USA in the early 1900s, later evolving with the application of various theories, and contemporary research focuses on approaches that consider organizational and socio-cultural influences.

Degrowth between normativism and reality

This article addresses the increasing debates over the limitations of high-growth models that have contributed to environmental degradation and polycrises. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we look into the basic characteristics and differences between the alternative degrowth and similar new development models; examine the paradigm through the lens of its critics; and look into its viability. The analysis highlights that while degrowth presents a theoretically compelling alternative to traditional growth models, it faces significant practical challenges in implementation, particularly due to its reliance on deep systemic changes and shifts in public values. In the empirical section, we test the hypothesis that countries with better sustainable development progress are more successful than those prioritizing economic outcomes. To do this, we show graphically and analyze the correlation between the average GDP growth and changes in the sustainable development measure using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. We rank countries based on their sustainable development and economic performance, averaging these rankings to identify potential degrowth leaders over the past 20 years. Our findings indicate that, while theoretically appealing, the degrowth model faces significant challenges in practice, with no statistical evidence supporting a negative correlation between degrowth and sustainable development progress.

The Sensitivity of the Human Development Index to Assumptions about Income

The Human Development Index (HDI) aims to present a more robust picture of a country’s development status than that suggested by national income per capita. The HDI aggregates dimension indices based on transformed measures for the core values of health, education, and income per capita. Assumptions are made regarding the upper and lower bounds used to re-scale each core value into its dimension index, as well as the functional form used to create the HDI. The treatment of income in the HDI’s construction suggests incompatibilities with its underlying capability theory, which stresses the importance of individuals’ abilities to make their own consumption and life choices. We examine the currently formulated HDI, as well as two influential proposed alternatives which generalize the aggregation functions of the pre-2010 HDI formulation and the current HDI, in light of recent empirical research into the relationship between well-being and income. We use underlying data for 2016, a representative year, to examine distributional changes as well as specific country rankings. We find that the income bounds used to calculate the income dimension index in the HDI should be changed. We also suggest that the three aggregation formulations, along with prominent descriptions of the assumptions and consequent implications of each approach, should be disseminated for policymakers and the public to consider.

Measuring hospital antibiotic consumption in EU/EEA countries: comparison of different metrics, 2017 to 2021.

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a considerable public health threat, with data-driven stewardship a main prevention measure. While quantifying antibiotic consumption is a key component of antibiotic stewardship programmes, the choice of denominator for calculating this metric can impact comparative analyses and trend evaluations substantially, influencing targeted stewardship interventions.AimWe aim to evaluate how using hospital sector-specific antibiotic consumption rate denominators at country level impacts country rankings and trends, addressing the limitations of the commonly used 'defined daily doses (DDD) per 1,000 inhabitants per day' metric.MethodsHospital antibiotic consumption data from ESAC-Net and denominator data from Eurostat ('inhabitants,' 'bed-days' and 'discharges') for 2017-2021 were used to calculate hospital antibiotic consumption rates for 24 reporting European Union/ European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Countries were ranked by their consumption rates and trends were analysed to assess the effects of using different denominators.ResultsCountry rankings and 5-year trend analyses varied depending on the denominator used. Antibiotic consumption rates were more similar when using hospital activity-based denominators 'bed-days' and 'discharges' compared with the population-based 'inhabitants' denominator. Differences in country rankings and trends were also seen among rates derived using 'bed-days' and 'discharges'.ConclusionThe study underscores the importance of using hospital activity-based denominators such as 'bed-days' and 'discharges' when evaluating hospital antibiotic consumption. ESAC-Net's historical reliance on only 'DDD per 1,000 inhabitants per day' is challenged, advocating for the use of multiple hospital activity-based denominators. Corresponding hospital activity denominators for ESAC-Net data will more effectively inform national hospital antibiotic stewardship interventions.

The Sustainable Development Index: An Integration of the Ecological Framework Considering the Governance-development Nexus

This paper aims to enhance the formulation of the Sustainable Development Index (SDI) by introducing a further correction term, governance lack (GL) index, in additional to the ecological impact index (EII). The GL considers a country’s governance lack by calculating a governance index (GI) with the World Governance Indicators (WGIs) starting from 1996. The SDI(g) retains the original formula of the SDI, thus remaining an indicator of strong environmental sustainability but adequately considering in its formulation the differences significant in countries’ governance climate. Finally, graphical relationships between DI and GI, and DI and (EII + GL) are shown, and the existence of these relationships are tested with WLS and nonparametric regressions. Our findings show that significant differences in country ranking were found; the graphical relationships are empirically proven; and countries with a worse GI have been further penalized in the SDI(g) ranking.

Citation distributions and research evaluations: The impossibility of formulating a universal indicator

Abstract Purpose To analyze the diversity of citation distributions to publications in different research topics to investigate the accuracy of size-independent, rank-based indicators. The top percentile-based indicators are the most common indicators of this type, and the evaluations of Japan are the most evident misjudgments. Design/methodology/approach The distributions of citations to publications from countries and journals in several research topics were analyzed along with the corresponding global publications using histograms with logarithmic binning, double rank plots, and normal probability plots of log-transformed numbers of citations. Findings Size-independent, top percentile-based indicators are accurate when the global ranks of local publications fit a power law, but deviations in the least cited papers are frequent in countries and occur in all journals with high impact factors. In these cases, a single indicator is misleading. Comparisons of the proportions of uncited papers are the best way to predict these deviations. Research limitations This study is fundamentally analytical, and its results describe mathematical facts that are self-evident. Practical implications Respectable institutions, such as the OECD, the European Commission, and the U.S. National Science Board, produce research country rankings and individual evaluations using size-independent percentile indicators that are misleading in many countries. These misleading evaluations should be discontinued because they can cause confusion among research policymakers and lead to incorrect research policies. Originality/value Studies linking the lower tail of citation distribution, including uncited papers, to percentile research indicators have not been performed previously. The present results demonstrate that studies of this type are necessary to find reliable procedures for research assessments.

COVID-19 drives medical education reform to promote "healthy China 2030" action plan.

In June 2019, the Chinese government proposed the Healthy China Action Plan (2019-2030) development strategy, which focuses on disease prevention and health promotion. It is expected that by 2030, the national health literacy level will be significantly improved, premature mortality caused by major chronic diseases will be significantly reduced, the average healthy life expectancy will be greatly improved, and the main health indicators of residents will enter the ranks of high-income countries. Unfortunately, at the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to break out in Wuhan, China, which had a huge impact on China's economy and people's health. A series of problems in China's health care and medical education were exposed in the prevention and treatment of the epidemic. How to reform medical education and build a medical talent training system with Chinese characteristics is the key to achieving China's Health 2030 strategy. This article will explore the direction of medical education reform in China under the background of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy and the post pandemic era.

Experimenting with a strong dual necessity approach to social progress

Different social progress indices assess well-being and development differently and thus reflect distinct conceptions of social progress. Broadly, these conceptions fall into two categories: ‘subjective’—the attitudes of individuals; and ‘objective’—external standards. Our starting point is a strong ‘dual necessity’ claim, namely that the two categories of conception have joint-special significance. Such a strong dual necessity conception, when operationalized, demands very low compensability/degree of substitution between the two independent indices, objective and subjective. Experimenting with this idea, we hypothesize that implementing low substitution empirically influences outcomes. Previous research presented this concept and exemplified initial empirical outcomes. The present work enhances and broadens this research by employing the constant elasticity of substitution (CES) function, which allows for the adjustment of substitution levels and comparison of resulting rankings. Furthermore, we demonstrate the results using two different well-known and commonly used indices: Human Development Index (HDI) and Sustainable Development Goals Index (SDGI). Our findings show that using a low substitution approach alters the social progress rankings of many countries in comparison to the original components’ rankings and to a high substitution combination of the two. This holds particularly true for countries in the middle of the original rankings. The paper’s original contribution is that it establishes the CES function as a useful device for implementing the idea of ‘dual necessity.’ Importantly, by experimenting with low substitution, and exemplifying its empirical significance with the CES function, the paper also contributes to further validating a strong dual necessity conception and justifies its own measurement. Such measurement should be of value to social scientists, practitioners and policymakers who care for balanced social progress: social progress that does not neglect either of the two aspects (subjective or objective).

Minerals’ criticality and countries' mining competitiveness: Two faces of the same coin

This article introduces a novel theoretical and empirical framework for estimating the criticality of key minerals that are intensively used in the energy transition and the mining competitiveness of countries producing them, using economic complexity techniques.The theoretical framework proposes that the most competitive countries are those exporting a broad range of mineral goods, including the most critical ones. Meanwhile, the most critical minerals are the least ubiquitous and are exported by the most competitive countries. The empirical framework relies on an endogenous system of equations in which countries’ mining competitiveness and mineral criticality are simultaneously co-determined. The equation system is solved using the Fitness-Criticality algorithm (FCa), an adaptation of the Economic Fitness-Complexity algorithm.The results show that South Africa, Russia, the United States, and China are the most competitive mining countries. Meanwhile, the platinum group metals, silicon, rare earths, and lithium are the most critical minerals. These results are consistent with other methodologies employed by different experts that separately estimate both dimensions and derive rankings of countries and minerals, but are obtained with a methodology that offers substantial advantages.