Country Of Origin Research Articles

Organic residue analysis in Latin American archaeology: Past, present, and future perspectives

AbstractOrganic residue analysis (ORA) studies residual anthropogenic organic molecules within archaeological matrices, offering valuable insights into various research inquiries. Despite the development of ORA in Latin America, its significance remains largely unrecognised and underrepresented. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution, status, and prospects of ORA in Latin America. To achieve this, we conducted a thorough bibliographic survey and analysed contributions related to topics such as foodways, psychoactive consumption, the utilisation of paints, dyes, adhesives, binders, activity areas, and residue radiocarbon dating. We examine the geographical distribution of the studies, the flow between countries of sample origin and destination for ORA, and the chronological development in publications. We address challenges encountered in the production of ORA data in Latin America and emphasise the need for multiproxy and multi‐analytical approaches to characterise and identify robust biomarker sets to investigate the use and circulation of local commodities.

Maritime Sar Systems in the EU: Convergence and Co-optation into the Anti-Immigration Border

ABSTRACT Research focusing on maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) operations in contexts of migration typically focuses on single-country studies, rarely engaging with the development of regional trends. This paper centers on five maritime areas along the southern EU border (Eastern Mediterranean, Central Mediterranean, Western Mediterranean, Canary Islands) and the Dover Strait to examine the transformation of maritime SAR in Europe over the last decade. Our analysis draws from secondary sources to understand trends in these five major sea routes to and out of the EU. We conclude that ways of doing maritime SAR in the region are converging and that the emerging approach to maritime SAR is defined by its co-optation into the anti-immigration border apparatus, its militarization and the externalization of SAR responsibilities to countries of origin and transit. This convergence of SAR policy is evident yet still incomplete and fragmented, with each country exhibiting distinct institutional arrangements.

Dental service use among adults with incident type 2 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease.

It is not clear if or how the incidence of systemic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects dental service utilization. Using nationwide Danish register data, the aim of this study was to analyse the use of dental services 7 years before and after being diagnosed with DM2, RA or IBD between 1997 and 2011. Information about incident DM2 was obtained from the National Diabetes Register, and incident RA and IBD were defined based on diagnosis codes of hospital contacts identified through the National Patient Register. Separately, for each of the three conditions, each individual with the incident condition was matched to one control individual based on age, gender, country of origin, municipality of residence, highest completed education, the main source of income and income using coarsened exact matching in the year of incidence. The use of dental services and treatments received within each calendar year from 7 years before to 7 years after getting the condition were analysed with generalized estimating equations. People with incident DM2 were less likely (by seven percentage points) to be dental service users within a year than people without incident DM2 for a period extending from up to 7 years prior to 7 years after the diagnosis. This difference even slightly increased after the diagnosis. Those with incident IBD exhibited a consistently but modestly higher proportion of dental service use (three percentage points) than those without incident IBD before and after the diagnosis. Differences in the use of services between those with or without incident RA were minor. For all three systemic diseases, detected differences mainly mirrored differences in the provision of supragingival scaling and restorative treatment. The findings suggest that the impact of these three systemic conditions on dental service use was minor.

Modern learning paradigms: A bibliometric analysis of augmented reality and virtual reality in vocational education

This bibliometric analysis aims to explore the publication trends of the last decade, especially on modern learning paradigms that focus on implementing Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in vocational education. This research specifically addresses the analysis of current technology trends, gaps, challenges, strengths, and opportunities of AR and VR during (2015-2024). This research method uses the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)" protocol to collect data from publications focusing on high-quality research results. Data acquisition was analyzed and identified using MS Excel software and VOSciewer to visualize various critical metadata obtained in the Scopus database. Notably, publication trends and distribution patterns, the contributions of authors, the geographical spread of publications, and the identification of significant publication sources are all essential for analyzing the opportunities and challenges within the context of vocational education. The results of this study identified an augmenting growth of publication trends from 2015-2023, including the country of origin of prominent authors such as Bacca et al. (Spain), Babu et al. (India), and Lerner et al. (Germany), whose research results have been proven to impact the primary reference in the field of vocational education in the utilization of AR and VR. It is widely cited and has become the primary reference for other authors. Consequently, this bibliometric-based research underscores the potential of AR and VR technologies to improve vocational education by enhancing motivation, educational access, personalized learning, collaboration, and reducing operational costs.

In Search of a Soft Landing: How Premigration Work Attainments Influence Identity Transformation Processes of Refugee Entrepreneurs

Highly educated refugees who have been uprooted from their country of origin often struggle to secure employment that matches their abilities. Overcoming this sudden loss of achieved work identity is crucial for refugees’ future well-being and integration in the host country. In this study, we identify the behavioral and cognitive practices used by highly educated refugee entrepreneurs to resolve the incongruence between their selves and the host country environment and delineate core conditions that explain why only some complete these identity transformations successfully. Based on an in-depth ethnography at an incubator designed for refugees with entrepreneurial ambitions, we develop theory about how and when highly educated refugees’ past identities enable or constrain their ability to create new work identities in alignment with the new environment. Our findings reveal the critical role played by identity flexibility and a refugee’s attributions of premigration work attainments in this process. Surprisingly, we find that those who attribute prior career accomplishments internally—and are, thus, driven by self-perceptions of being resourceful and adaptive in the past—exhibit only limited identity flexibility. As a result, they struggle the most with reconstructing their identity in ways that aid their integration in the host country.

International Student Mobility in the Context of Migration and Development

The impact of international student mobility on the development in countries of origin is an under-researched topic in migration studies. In a global knowledge economy, immigration countries in the Global North perceive international students almost exclusively as ideal immigrants who are (mostly) young, flexible, and highly skilled when they enter the labour market after graduation. However, international students can play an important role for their countries of origin. For instance, our own research on international students and alumni from selected countries in the Global South (Colombia, Georgia, Ghana, and Indonesia) studying in Germany and the United States shows that they transfer development-related knowhow back to their country of origin by doing diverse activities in leading positions. They do that through return migration as well as by remaining in the country of graduation (by creating transnational social networks from abroad) and through circular mobility. However, these processes need more institutional support. Therefore, international student mobility should be an integral part of global migration governance, where scholarships for students from poor countries are the key drivers for international mobility. These considerations can stimulate the broader discussion about international migration and development.

Latest Open Doors report examines trends in international student enrollment

The Institute of International Education, in collaboration with the U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, has been gathering data and publishing statistics since 1948 on the number of international students enrolling in American colleges and universities, their countries of origin, and the number of American students studying abroad. This is a definitive survey of international and U.S. higher education student mobility.

Tiny teeth in terrified tots - what is the global prevalence of paediatric dental fear and anxiety?

To establish the worldwide prevalence of paediatric dental fear and anxiety (DFA) and its associated components. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 observational studies found on three well known English language publication databases dating from 2000. 2895 studies were identified relating to paediatric dental fear, anxiety, or phobia. 25 met the inclusion criteria and were subject to the Joanna Briggs Institute quality assessment tool and subsequently analysed using PRISMA framework. Studies exploring levels of DFA in children 2-6 years old were included. Studies were excluded if they were not published in English, included children with 'special needs' including intellectual disabilities, and studies which explored DFA intervention. Of the included studies, the following was recorded: Country of Origin, DFA prevalence, age of participants, study design, sample size, assessment method and who reported on the level of DFA of the child. The pooled level of DFA of children aged 2-6 was estimated to be 30% (95% CI = 25, 36). Children with no dental experience and children with caries experience were found to have higher odds of experiencing DFA (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.59) and (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.27), respectively. This review shows that approximately 30% of 2-6-year-old children will experience a level of dental and anxiety. Levels are expected to be higher in children who have not visited the dentist and children with dental caries.

Public Preference for Financing Preventive Vaccines in Health Shocks: The Case of COVID-19 Vaccines in a Middle-Income Country.

To effectively manage health crises such as disease pandemics, health authorities require reliable information regarding people's preferences. This helps to ensure timely and targeted interventions and avoids increasing societal costs through developing evidence-based policies. This study investigates the Iranian people's preference for financing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and the factors affecting this. A cross-sectional survey was performed during the third-wave peak of COVID-19 in Iran from 1 to 20 February 2021 utilizing various data collection methods. The public preference regarding imported and domestically produced vaccines, their willingness to fully or partially contribute to the financing of these vaccines, and their willingness to pay (WTP) for domestically produced vaccines using the contingent valuation method was assessed in different scenarios. The determinants of the probability of positive financing preferences were evaluated using an ordered probit regression model. Among the 2071 survey respondents, approximately 60% stated willingness to contribute to vaccine financing in the form of partial or full user fee payments. Forty percent of respondents are willing to be vaccinated if it is provided for free by the government. Interestingly, people's preference for financing the vaccine was not related to the type of vaccine. The regression analysis showed that income, having supplementary insurance, being male, perceived COVID-19 risk, education, and working in the health sector are significantly related to a higher probability of contribution to vaccine financing. Regardless of country of origin of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccination is very important for the Iranian people, and the majority of respondents in our study showed an inclination to contribute to vaccine funding, from partial to full user fees, to achieve higher protection against COVID-19 disease. Hence, ensuring timely access to vaccines during health crises such as pandemics is imperative, as it saves lives and reduces the economic burden of disease. This commitment from the health system can be supported by financial contributions from the general public. In this regard, considering public preferences is strongly advised to policymakers.

Bibliometric analysis of most cited Peyronie's disease and its management publications.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a common urologic illness, motivating numerous scientific investigations and publications. Scientific publications have more authors each year. A bibliometric review of the PD literature might help urologists and sexual medicine professionals comprehend publication tendencies in this subject. The current study was aimed at presenting a bibliometric analysis of PD, which is one of the important and trending subjects of andrology. On January 5, 2023, Web of Science scanned documents with the terms Peyronie's disease" "Peyronie's disease treatment", "Peyronie's disease management", "Peyronie's disease surgery" and "Peyronie's disease injection" from 1975 through 2023. Titles, years, authors, citations, citation indices, journal names, authors' countries of origin, article categories, and funding sources were recorded. "Clinical Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum for the Treatment of Peyronie Disease in 2 Large Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Phase 3 Studies" has the most citations and citation index. Most of the T100 articles were published in 2020, primarily in the Journal of Urology. These articles mainly focused on treatment, especially surgeries. All of these articles were in English, and the vast majority of them were by authors from the US who were most frequently collaborated with by other authors. This research analyzed the top 100 PD studies. This research focused on pathophysiology, innovative surgical procedures, and new approaches of PD. It also recommended bigger databases and more financing for research.

Does the (socio-political) socialization context matter for paternal involvement?

Previous literature on paternal involvement emphasizes the influence of fathers’ socialization contexts, considering either welfare policies (Hipp and Leuze, 2015) or experiences with their own fathers (Brown et al., 2018; Parke, 1995). In this study, we combine those two branches of research and examine how fathers’ and their fathers’ (grandfathers’) socialization experiences (parental leave regulations in their early adulthood as an example of (de-)familization policies (Lohmann and Zagel, 2016)) predict paternal involvement today. To measure paternal involvement, we create an indicator for involvement that covers Lamb et al. (1985) three aspects of direct interaction, responsibility, and availability and the fact that a father has taken paternal leave for at least one of his children or not. We use the fact that a substantial proportion of the fathers in the German, national survey AID:A 2019 (Kuger et al., 2020) were socialized in another welfare state regime (6.3% of fathers have a direct and another 13.5% have an indirect migration background (their fathers were born in another country) covering birth cohorts from the 1970s to the 1990s; total N = 1053). We then add context-related information on their (fathers’ and grandfathers’) countries of origin from the OECD family database and estimate an SEM model to test potential direct and indirect effects. We find that more educated fathers who experienced extended parental leave regulations are more involved fathers today. Our results support, thus, that welfare state conditions influence individuals’ behaviour while education is a relevant moderator in this relationship.

Gender-Based Violence against Zimbabwean Migrant Women in Botswana

This study prioritises the experiences of Zimbabwean migrant women and their human security in the context of gender-based violence in Botswana. The study utilised the social constructivism theory and the social-ecological model to provide a comprehensive understanding of how gender-based violence occurs in society and how social realities construct migrant women’s experiences. Using a qualitative research approach, secondary data was collected to investigate the gender-based violence experiences of Zimbabwean migrant women. The study found that migrant women experienced various forms of abuse, including intimate partner violence with both foreign and local partners, sexual violence and harassment in their host communities, trafficking and smuggling, and sexual abuse in detention centres, all rooted in xenophobic sentiments. Power imbalances and irregularities in structural relationships between men and women were identified as significant factors contributing to violence. The findings indicate that cultural beliefs and gender roles from the country of origin and host country contribute to migrant women’s reluctance to report or disclose their experiences of gender-based violence. Patriarchal ideologies further affect judgment towards survivors and contribute to the acceptance and normalization of gender-based violence. This study contributes to the literature on human insecurities faced by migrant women and their responses to these insecurities. It highlights the need for policies that address the underlying causes of gender-based violence and promote the empowerment of migrant women.

THE FACTORS OF SERVICE QUALITY IN SKI TOURISM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The aim of this paper is to provide an insight into the current models of service quality in ski tourism with a practical implication on the example of the Republic of Serbia. Nowadays, ski tourism has evolved into an important segment of the winter tourism industry in Europe. Its development was encouraged by the popularisation of skiing as a sport, as well as the growth of the number of people who ski professionally or recreationally.The studies from relevant publishers have been dealt with the concept of travellers’ motivation in ski tourism from different point of views such as, the aspect of sustainable development in tourism, quality management, marketing strategy and customer satisfaction. When defining the research scope, it was noted that service quality represents an important driver of motivation in sports tourism. However, there is a certain research gap in exploring the factors that affect the service quality in winter sports, and in particular models and instruments that could provide their better understanding. In accordance with this statement, the research question in the study was to analyse the main determinants of service quality in ski tourism in the Republic of Serbia and to compare their relevance among the respondents belonging to different countries of origin and gender. The theoretical research presented in this paper was based on the application of a systematic literature review that has included relevant studies dealing with the concept of service quality in winter sport tourism. In addition, empirical research was conducted to address the research question in finding the factors that influence the service quality in ski tourism. The research was based on a sample of 208 skiers who visited the Republic of Serbia during the winter seasons in years 2023 and 2024. In the analysis and interpretation of the data, descriptive statistics, compare means and factor analysis were used.

Academic Dishonesty in Higher Education: A Bibliometric Analysis

The scholarly discussion of academic dishonesty in higher education institutions has experienced significant expansion for almost 30 years. This bibliometric analysis study aims to analyse past studies of academic dishonesty, focusing on higher education from 1981 to 2023. A comprehensive range of terms related to academic dishonesty was used to choose past papers from the Scopus database. Then a bibliometric analysis was conducted, which identified the year of publication, publication journal, country of origin, field of study, and authors. After selection, 594 articles in the Scopus database were identified. The paper's findings showed that research on academic dishonesty began in 1981 and kept increasing until 2023. Regarding journal publication, of the five top journals, four were related to integrity, ethics, and assessment in higher education. The field of study of social science leads to the most articles on academic dishonesty, and this study also found 10 authors who are at the top of journals on academic honesty. This study suggests that proactive steps are necessary to create a culture of academic honesty across all prospects in academia, encompassing higher education administrators, staff, lecturers, business industries, and students.

Predictive Model for Medical Assistance

Medical tourism has emerged as a prominent global healthcare phenomenon, driven by various factors such as cost differentials, quality of care, and accessibility. The first aspect of medical tourism is the transnational use of healthcare services, which is frequently driven by financial savings and shortened wait times. Patients from high-income nations frequently go to less expensive locations for elective surgery, while people from low-income nations may look overseas for cutting-edge medical care due to a lack of local healthcare infrastructure. Patients who choose medical tourism locations do so because of the high quality of the care they receive. Patients are enticed to particular locations by accredited healthcare facilities and highly trained medical personnel. However, maintaining uniform quality across many healthcare systems is still difficult. The economic impact on the countries of origin and destination makes up the third aspect of medical tourism. Through higher healthcare sector income, tourism-related activities, and job creation, medical tourism can promote economic growth in destination nations. On the other hand, source nations could experience issues with the distribution of healthcare resources and the "brain drain" of medical specialists. The relevance of ethical considerations in medical travel cannot be overstated. To preserve the credibility of medical tourism, issues relating to informed consent, patient safety, and the equal distribution of healthcare resources must be properly addressed. The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on international travel and healthcare systems are just a few of the aspects that are taken into account in this abstract while discussing the future of medical tourism. It emphasises the necessity of international cooperation to create uniform policies, rules, and moral frameworks that guarantee the safety of patients taking part in medical tourism.

Comprehensiveness and Instructional Quality of YouTube Videos on Clinical Record-Keeping Training in Medical Education

Objective: Clinical record-keeping is recognized as a core competency in medical education. This study aimed to evaluate comprehensiveness and instructional quality of videos available on the YouTube platform for teaching clinical record-keeping. Methods: YouTube was searched by using relevant keywords. Based on eligibility criteria, 59 videos were included in the study. Videos were assessed for country of origin, video length, number of likes, dislikes, comments , daily views, like ratio, and video power index. Tools to measure the quality of clinical notes, which are QNOTE and RED Checklist, have been used to assess comprehensiveness of the videos. Instructional quality was assessed using the instructional video quality checklist (IVQC). Results: The comprehensiveness score was 60.4±17.89 (out of 100), while instructional quality score was 11.19±3.61 (out of 27). IVQC scores were significantly higher in the university/professional organizations and academics compared to the others (p

Validation of country-of-origin effects on crisis spillovers: A meta-analysis

In today's globalized economy and highly interconnected media landscape, the impact of country-of-origin (COO) effects on crisis spillovers has attracted growing interest. However, the majority of the relevant studies are limited to case studies. A clear understanding of the relationship between COO effects and crisis spillovers has yet to be established. To address this gap, a meta-analysis of 24 causal pairs from 9 papers (n = 5746, combined n = 10942) was performed. The results indicate that COO effects can somewhat limit crisis spillovers. Specifically, the COO effect has a medium degree of mitigating effect on morality (r = 0.403) and competence crises (r = 0.240). When the COO is a developed country (r = 0.345), the COO effect can effectively mitigate crisis spillovers to a medium extent, while when the COO is a developing country (r = 0.180), the COO effect is small. Using organizational impressions (r = 0.357) rather than purchase intentions (r = 0.157) as a measurement instrument makes it easier to observe the dampening effect of COO on crisis spillovers. These findings enrich the theoretical framework of public relations and crisis management and provide strategies for business organizations to cope with spillovers.

The Locus of Persecution Reconsidered: Risk of Re-Trafficking, Cumulative Harm, and Failure of State Protection

Abstract Persecution, a core concept of the 1951 Refugee Convention’s definition of ‘refugee’, is generally thought to entail both serious harm and a failure of State protection. The predominant view in refugee law is that the harm a refugee fears will take place within their country of origin. Yet, trafficked persons who fear (transnational) re-trafficking experience harm mainly outside the country of origin. As such, their asylum claims raise difficult doctrinal issues, in particular regarding how the State of origin can be expected to protect against harm taking place outside its territory. This article seeks to answer this question by examining trafficking-based asylum claims from the United Kingdom and Germany and the relationship between future risk, harm, and State protection. It argues that to understand effective State protection against re-trafficking, it is necessary to pay attention to the individual types of harm experienced in the trafficking context and to their sequence. This allows an understanding of persecution as cumulative, with the State of origin’s failure to protect against harm experienced in its territory resulting in additional harm experienced outside the country. This understanding of persecution resolves the doctrinal issues raised by trafficking-based asylum claims and has wider implications for individuals who experience harm in the context of irregular migration.

Contamination of herbs and spices: A 23‐year EU RASFF notifications analysis

AbstractFrom 2000 to 2022, all and serious notifications of the EU Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) on herbs and spices were examined to identify the most notified products, their associated hazards and origin countries, as well as the consequent notification classification and actions taken. The data reveals that 3741 notifications were transmitted for herbs and spices during the last 23 years, accounting for 5.3% of the RASFF total notifications of all product categories (70630). Border rejection and serious risk decisions represented 37.9% and 39.5% of the total herbs and spices notifications, respectively. In the last 5 years, serious notifications ranged from 76.6% to 87.2% of all herbs and spices notifications. India was the most notified origin country (23.6%), followed by Brazil (8.7%), Thailand (7.2%), Turkey (5.8%), and China (4.6%). The top 10 notified herbs and spices were chili, black pepper, curry, paprika, nutmeg, spice mix, basil, mint, ginger, and cumin, while the top 10 hazards were Salmonella, aflatoxin, Sudan 1, Sudan 4, ethylene oxide (EtO), ochratoxin A, chlorpyrifos, Escherichia coli, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and color E 160b. Approximately 96.3% of black pepper, 71% of chili, and almost all nutmeg serious notifications were related to Salmonella, aflatoxins, and mycotoxins, respectively. Strict measures to minimize the risk associated with such contaminants in herbs and spices must be implemented.

Quality of Essential Medicines from Different Sources in Enugu and Anambra, Nigeria.

This study investigated the quality of 13 essential medicines in the states of Enugu and Anambra, Nigeria. A total of 260 samples were purchased from licensed pharmaceutical manufacturers and wholesalers and from vendors in pharmaceutical markets with unclear licensing status. Samples were analyzed for identity, content, and dissolution according to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) 42 monographs. Forty-five samples of this study could be examined for authenticity with the Mobile Authentication Service scheme of the Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control. Out of all samples, 25.4% did not comply with the USP 42 specifications. Strikingly, 21 out of 22 dexamethasone tablet samples (95%) were out of specification (OOS). Nine out of 19 glibenclamide samples (47%) failed dissolution testing, and 7 out of 17 cotrimoxazole samples (41%) failed assay testing. Medicines against noncommunicable diseases showed a slightly higher percentage of OOS samples than anti-infectives (21.2% versus 17.6%). The rates of OOS samples were similar in medicines stated to be produced in Nigeria, India, and China but were very different between individual manufacturers from each of these countries of origin. Therefore, prequalification of products, manufacturers, and suppliers are very important for quality assurance in medicine procurement. Unexpectedly, the total proportions of OOS samples were similar from licensed vendors (25.2%) and from markets (25.5%). Four samples (1.5%), all collected in markets, were clearly falsified and did not contain the declared active pharmaceutical ingredients. The proportion of falsified medicines was found to be lower than frequently reported in the media for Nigeria.