Food In Countries Research Articles

Overview of Green Transformation from an Ecological and Economic Point of View

International organizations and governments agree that environmental pollution threatens future generations by causing ecological problems; such as global warming, food contamination, deforestation, and etc. Furthermore, energy security issue has no less importance; which was greatly influenced by the start of Vladimir Putin's armed aggression against Ukraine in February 2022. The increase in food and energy prices in European countries has significantly affected the quality of people’s life. In response, the EU has taken significant steps to develop renewable/green energy sources. The transition toward green energy is equal in importance to the two most notable events in human history, namely: Neolithic and Industrial revolutions. It is worth noting that these two major transformations were the result of natural evolution, while the current green transformation is associated mostly with planned, artificial processes. The paper analyzes the need of transformation toward green energy by observing the mentioned ecological and economic factors; one of which threatens human life; and the second one - poses a threat to the security of states. Keywords: Green Energy; Environmental Economics; Political Economics; Energy Independence.

Benchmarking the nutrient composition and labelling practices of commercially produced ready-to-eat purées and meals for older infants and young children across seven Southeast Asian countries.

Commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF), including ready-to-eat CPCF purées and meals, are gaining popularity among caregivers of older infants and young children (IYC) as a convenient alternative to home-prepared foods in low and middle-income countries. However, there is growing concern regarding the suitability of these products for older IYC, as they can contain high levels of sugar and/or sodium. Given the rapidly evolving market in Southeast Asia, it is crucial to monitor the appropriate composition and promotion of CPCF in the region. This study examined the nutrient composition and labelling practices of CPCF purées and meals sold in 2021 in the capital cities of seven Southeast Asian countries: Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Jakarta (Indonesia), Manila (Philippines), Bangkok (Thailand), Vientiane (Lao PDR), Hanoi (Viet Nam), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The study adapted a nutrient profiling model from the WHO Regional Office for Europe to determine the proportion of products suitable for promotion for older IYC. The proportion of CPCF purées and meals that would require a high sugar front-of-pack warning based on the percentage energy from total sugar was also determined. Of the 459 CPCF purées/meals assessed, only 37.7% of the products met all nutrient composition requirements and none met all labelling requirements. In addition, most CPCF purées and meals were identified as having high total sugar content. To ensure that older IYC consume appropriate CPCF products, Southeast Asian countries need to implement and enforce regulations concerning the nutrient composition and labelling practices of CPCF purées and meals.

How to build a cold chain supply chain system for fresh agricultural products through blockchain technology-A study of tripartite evolutionary game theory based on prospect theory.

The global cold chain logistics market is witnessing a significant upswing, driven by the rising demand for perishable food products and increasing shipment volumes worldwide. Technological advancements are leading to a more intelligent and digitally enabled cold chain logistics system. However, the high loss rate of fresh agricultural products in China poses a significant threat to the country's food security. Therefore, it is imperative to explore innovative solutions, such as blockchain, to address the challenges of traditional cold chain logistics. In this paper, inspired by the prospect theory and evolutionary game theory, we propose an evolutionary game model to analyze the behavioral strategies of the tripartite of n-level cold chain participants, consumers, and government. Using MATLAB software, the numerical simulation of the game path of this tripartite theory is conducted, and the influence of variable parameters on the evolutionary process and outcomes of the system is analyzed. The results the following: (1) The development of an effective cold chain supply chain system can be divided into three stages, and blockchain technology plays a pivotal role in creating a seamless cold chain environment. The cost of blockchain adoption, government rewards, as well as penalties can significantly influence the behavioral choices of the three stakeholders. (2) The behavior of individual cold chain participants has a strong negative externality, which can impact the behavior of others. We also find that the larger the scale of the cold chain, the lower the probability of default by the participants. (3) The government's adoption of blockchain technology and the implementation of effective incentive policies can foster the successful development of the cold chain blockchain infrastructure. Our research contributes to the theoretical understanding of cold chain logistics decision making and policy creation for the tripartite stakeholders, including cold chain participants, consumers, and government. Our findings can serve as a valuable reference for scientific decision making and policy formulation to encourage the development of a robust cold chain supply chain system.

Sustainable Water Resources Management under Climate Change: A Case Study with Potato Irrigation in an Insular Mediterranean Environment

Potato cultivation is a significant agricultural activity worldwide. As a staple food in many countries, potatoes provide essential nutrients and are a significant source of income for farmers. This paper investigates current and future net irrigation requirements for potatoes in combination with LCA (life cycle assessment) to assess the GHG emissions due to irrigation. Potato cultivation in Cyprus is used as a model for insular environments, which are often neglected from such studies. The models suggest that an increase in net irrigation requirements is expected but there is a large variability among locations and between years. The increase in rainfall that some of the models predict does not mean that this water will be effectively stored in the soil (and reduce irrigation requirements). The GHG emissions due to potato irrigation in Cyprus are estimated to be 1369.41 tons CO2eq and expected to decrease after 2030 by 35%, mainly due to changes in the electricity mix (from heavy fuel to renewable energy). Further research including other important (irrigated) crops in the island will support the development of strategies towards sustainable resources management under climate change.

MANAGEMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES' COMPETITIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY

In the modern conditions of globalisation and transformation, food supply, food safety and development of the agricultural sector are the determining factors of stability. The country's agriculture requires increased competitiveness and the formation of competitive advantages, and agricultural production is one of the risky types of business activity. The insufficient level of development of enterprises in the agricultural sector is due to the need for a system of effective mechanisms for managing the development and competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The aim of the publication is to study the trends in the development, formation and functioning of agrarian enterprises in the current realities and to develop a mechanism for managing the competitiveness of agrarian enterprises. Results. The paper considers the issues of peculiarities, trends in the development and functioning of agricultural enterprises in modern conditions. The essence of the concept of competitiveness and peculiarities of formation of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises are defined. An assessment of agricultural production is carried out and an analysis by groups of producers is carried out. The dynamics of the number of agricultural enterprises for 2008-2021 was determined. Factors influencing the formation of competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and the place of Ukraine in the world ranking of exporters of agricultural products have been studied. The essence of the mechanism of managing the competitiveness of agricultural formations is substantiated. A model of the mechanism of managing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises was developed, including economic, organisational and legal subsystems. Conclusions. The existence of competitive advantages is an essential aspect of competitiveness, and increasing the level of competitiveness of agricultural formations and optimising their functioning in conditions of uncertainty is a priority direction of the agricultural sphere of the national economy. Competitive agriculture should ensure the country's food security and contribute to the effective development of rural areas.

The role of digital tools in supporting the implementation of the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in MERCOSUR countries

The role of digital tools in supporting the implementation of the international treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in MERCOSUR countries

The state and prospects of development of the agricultural sector through the prism of entrepreneurship

The agricultural sector is an essential strategic branch of Ukraine's national economy and guarantees our country's food security and self-sufficiency. The modern agro-industrial complex is an essential sector of Ukraine's economy. The agricultural sector forms food security, realizes economic, ecological, and energy security within certain limits, guarantees the development of technologically related branches of the national economy, and creates socio-economic conditions for developing rural areas. The article describes the current state of Ukraine's agro-industrial complex and its development features. The significance of agriculture for the national economy is determined. Trends in the development of rural areas, employment, and unemployment, and the influence of internal and external factors on these processes are analyzed. The problems of material and technical, investment, and financial support of the agro-industrial complex have been identified. It is shown that the decline of the agro-industrial complex affects the processing industry. The prerequisites for developing Ukraine's agrarian sector in the conditions of market formation and ways of solving strategic issues of ensuring national food security and competitiveness of the agro-food complex on domestic and foreign markets are highlighted. It is proposed to continue improving the mechanisms of co-financing of key economic measures and programs aimed at the development of agriculture, considering the solution of the national tasks of creating a single economic space and equalizing the living conditions of the rural population. One of the strategic directions for developing the agro-industrial complex should be state support for farmers. The agricultural sector has the potential to double the production of agricultural products. A prerequisite for the effective development of the agro-industrial complex is ensuring adaptation to changes in the external environment, which is possible only based on a strategic approach to managing the agro-industrial complex. Keywords: agriculture, market, potential, management, agro-industrial complex, agro-industrial cluster, agro-industrial integration.

Surveillance for Zoonotic Pathogens and Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit of Ringed Seals (nattiit) (Pusa hispida) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada

Ringed seals (Pusa hispida) (nattiq (s.), nattiit (pl.) [Inuktut]) provide an important food staple for Nunavummiut (Indigenous residents of Nunavut). We studied the health of nattiit harvested by hunters from Baffin Island, Nunavut, via Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit and veterinary science. We conducted serological surveys and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for select zoonotic pathogens, including Brucella spp., Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Leptospira interrogans, and Toxoplasma gondii, in 55 nattiit from Frobisher Bay (FB) and 58 nattiit from Eclipse Sound (ES). We used a digestion assay to determine the presence of Trichinella spp. larvae in muscle samples from these seals. We conducted interviews with nine Local Knowledge Holders (LKHs) from Iqaluit (FB) and nine from Pond Inlet (ES) to gather their observations about nattiq health. The hunters evaluated nattiq health through a combination of behavior, nutritional condition, and appearance of skin and organs. They rarely observed severely ill nattiit. Hunters from ES but not from FB observed declining nattiit population numbers. In both regions, they observed increased numbers of harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). Frequencies of natural exposure among nattiit from FB and ES, based on seroprevalence, were 20.5% and 37% for Brucella spp., 25% and 11% for E. rhusiopathiae, 93% and 100% for L. interrogans, and 10% and 27% for T. gondii, respectively; PCR was negative for these pathogens in organs and tissues of seropositive animals. We did not detect larvae of Trichinella spp. Knowledge and experience from the LKHs in assessing nattiq health, complemented by negative findings from direct detection methods, provide reassurance about the safety of nattiit as country food, despite their exposure to some zoonotic pathogens in their natural environment.

Investing in mini-livestock production for food security and carbon neutrality in China

Future food farming technology faces challenges that must integrate the core goal of keeping the global temperature increase within 1.5 °C without reducing food security and nutrition. Here, we show that boosting the production of insects and earthworms based on food waste and livestock manure to provide food and feed in China will greatly contribute to meeting the country's food security and carbon neutrality pledges. By substituting domestic products with mini-livestock (defined as earthworms and insects produced for food or feed) protein and utilizing the recovered land for bioenergy production plus carbon capture and storage, China's agricultural sector could become carbon-neutral and reduce feed protein imports to near zero. This structural change may lead to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2,350 Tg CO2eq per year globally when both domestic and imported products are substituted. Overall, the success of mini-livestock protein production in achieving carbon neutrality and food security for China and its major trading partners depends on how the substitution strategies will be implemented and how the recovered agricultural land will be managed, e.g., free use for afforestation and bioenergy or by restricting this land to food crop use. Using China as an example, this study also demonstrates the potential of mini-livestock for decreasing the environmental burden of food production in general.

THE IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON THE AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF RUSSIA

The article analyzes the impact of unprecedented sanctions of the United States and the European Union on certain segments of the agricultural and industrial complex of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the problems arising in this case have a direct impact on the country's food security. The authors have outlined the tasks on the solution of which the development of the country's agro-industrial complex will largely depend. It is noted that the effectiveness of the tasks set, as well as the activity of Russian business will determine the near future of the Russian economy. Many foreign companies have left the Russian market, but their place has been taken by domestic manufacturers, someone sees threats in the situation, someone sees opportunities for development.

Whitefly-Transmitted Viruses Threatening Tomato Production in Oman

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a vital crop in Oman, contributing significantly to the country's agricultural economy and food security. However, the tomato industry faces a critical threat from whitefly-transmitted viruses that have emerged as a major concern for tomato growers in the region. This abstract summarizes the pressing issue of whitefly-transmitted viruses and their impact on tomato production in Oman. Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), small sap-feeding insects, have become notorious for their role in transmitting various devastating viruses to tomato plants. These viruses, including Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), can cause severe damage to tomato crops, leading to reduced yields, poor fruit quality, and substantial economic losses for farmers. This abstract emphasizes the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to mitigate the impact of whitefly-transmitted viruses on tomato production in Oman. Such an approach may include integrated pest management strategies, breeding programs for resistant tomato varieties, and education and awareness campaigns for farmers. Additionally, collaborative efforts between researchers, farmers, and policymakers are essential to develop sustainable solutions and ensure the continued viability of the tomato industry in Oman. Whitefly-transmitted viruses pose a significant threat to tomato production in Oman, jeopardizing food security and economic stability. Addressing this issue requires immediate attention and a concerted effort to protect the tomato industry, safeguard livelihoods, and ensure a sustainable future for agriculture in the country.

Cash Economy and Store-Bought Food Biases in Food Security Assessments of Inuit Nunangat

Researchers, community organisations, and Inuit leaders increasingly question the suitability of methods to assess the prevalence of food insecurity in Inuit Nunangat (the Inuit homeland in Canada). Of particular contention is the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), applied in modified form as part of Health Canada’s nationwide Canadian Community Health (CCHS) and Aboriginal Peoples Surveys. The 18-question HFSSM is the primary survey tool used by the Government of Canada to assess food security prevalence, yet the Module asks only about the affordability of store-bought foods (also termed ‘market foods’ elsewhere in literature) when collecting data to designate food security status. This is despite communities in Inuit Nunangat having complex ‘dual’ or ‘mixed’ food systems and foodways: relying on foods harvested from ancestral lands (country foods) in combination with store-bought foods to sustain mixed cash-subsistence economies and diets. Sourcing country foods requires money for the purchase of equipment and machinery. However, they also have numerous access and availability criteria dictated by non-financial factors. In this paper, we explore the problem of the monetary bias (the focus on an individual or household’s ability to purchase foods) in the HFSSM and discuss the knock-on effects of using monetary metrics as the sole means of measuring and monitoring food security in dual food environments. We contend that relying on monetary access as a measure presents an incomplete picture of the reality of food insecurity in Inuit Nunangat. Presently, there is little consideration of the nuance of social norms and cultural values that govern dual food systems or the importance of less tangible non-financial factors that might affect food access (e.g. knowledge of where and how to harvest and maintain machinery, suitable environmental conditions for travel, conducive harvest regulations, social relationships, and ecological stability). Ultimately, this contributes to restricted policy-level understandings of what it means to ensure stable, culturally adequate, and just food systems, and limits self-determination in northern food environments.

Investigation of heavy metals contaminantion level in the locally cultivated rice using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a stable food in many countries in the world including Africa. The present of heavy metals in the environment which are toxics affect the nutritional value of the rice. The accumulation of heavy metals in the body may lead to different health problems such as cancer, diabetes, liver and kidney failure. The study was conducted to access the presence of some selected heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, As, Ni, Zn) in rice sample using atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. Five sample of rice (EXCHINA, CP, WHEETER-4, ROBBER, and YERMALINTA) which were cultivated in Damashewa village of Kirikasamma local government area were collected. Wet digestion method was used to destroy organic matter in the sample. The result of analysis showed that the concentration of Zinc( Zn) in all the four sample of rice range from (16.50-36.02mg/kg) and that of Cadmium Cd ( 0.05-0.18mg/kg) and that of copper Cu (7.02-22.20mg/kg) which is far below the safety limit of 50-100mg/kg for zinc and 0.4mg/kg for cadmium, and copper is 73.3mg/kg set up by the FAO/WHO (2001), this could lead to anaemia, renal damage, bones disorder and cancer of the lungs. While the concentration of lead Pb (3.57- 16.24mg/kg), nickel Ni (2.50-11.24mg/kg) and that of Arsenic As (0.98-4.33mg/kg) is also above the set safety limit of 0.3mg/kg for lead. Based on this research all rice sample were highly contaminated with lead, arsenic and nickel as a pollutant. Thus, the need for physical examination of the consumers and inhabitants within the study area.

Latest Trends in Industrial Vinegar Production and the Role of Acetic Acid Bacteria: Classification, Metabolism, and Applications-A Comprehensive Review.

Vinegar is one of the most appreciated fermented foods in European and Asian countries. In industry, its elaboration depends on numerous factors, including the nature of starter culture and raw material, as well as the production system and operational conditions. Furthermore, vinegar is obtained by the action of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) on an alcoholic medium in which ethanol is transformed into acetic acid. Besides the highlighted oxidative metabolism of AAB, their versatility and metabolic adaptability make them a taxonomic group with several biotechnological uses. Due to new and rapid advances in this field, this review attempts to approach the current state of knowledge by firstly discussing fundamental aspects related to industrial vinegar production and then exploring aspects related to AAB: classification, metabolism, and applications. Emphasis has been placed on an exhaustive taxonomic review considering the progressive increase in the number of new AAB species and genera, especially those with recognized biotechnological potential.

Продовольственная безопасность страны: анализ состояния и перспективы укрепления

The subject of the study is the country's food security. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in ensuring the country's food security based on self-sufficiency and import substitution. The objectives of the study are to analyze the current state of the food security system of the Russian Federation, identify problems and prospects for strengthening it. Novelty of the research: the relevance of introducing digital technologies in order to strengthen the country’s food security has been proven. Russia, being the mostimportant player in the global food market and the largest exporter of grain, defines food security as a component of the state’s national security and sovereignty. The introduction of digital technologies into the processes of production, processing and storage of food helps strengthen the country's food security.

Пчеловодство как залог продовольственной безопасности страны и сохранения биоразнообразия

This article reveals the problems of the development of beekeeping and ways to solve them, the development trends of the beekeeping industry in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan, the economic importance of beekeeping in ensuring the country's food security. Beekeeping, as an integral part of the country's agro-industrial complex, is closely related to crop and livestock production and plays an important role in ensuring food security, producing environmentally friendly products and preserving the biodiversity of flora and fauna. The industry needs state support to solve the accumulated problems and further development. The interaction of the industry with cooperatives contributes to obtaining a synergistic effect and benefits for each beekeeper.

Epidemiology Update of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Uruguay: Subtyping, Environmental Surveillance and Zoonotic Transmission.

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) infection is an emergent zoonotic disease of increasing concern in developed regions. HEV genotype 3 (HEV-3) is mainly transmitted through consumption of contaminated food in high-income countries and is classified into at least 13 subtypes (3a-3n), based on p-distance values from complete genomes. In Latin America, HEV epidemiology studies are very scant. Our group has previously detected HEV3 in clinical cases, swine, wild boars, captive white-collared peccaries, and spotted deer from Uruguay. Herein, we aimed to provide novel insights and an updated overview of the molecular epidemiology of zoonotic HEV in Uruguay, including data from wastewater-based surveillance studies. A thorough analysis of HEV whole genomes and partial ORF2 sequences from Uruguayan human and domestic pig strains showed that they formed a separate monophyletic cluster with high nucleotide identity and exhibited p-distance values over the established cut-off (0.093) compared with reference subtypes' sequences. Furthermore, we found an overall prevalence of 10.87% (10/92) in wastewater, where two samples revealed a close relationship with humans, and animal reservoirs/hosts isolates from Uruguay. In conclusion, a single, new HEV-3 subtype currently circulates in different epidemiological settings in Uruguay, and we propose its designation as 3o along with its reference sequence.

Nutritional, ecological and livelihood significance of Moringa oleifera: A review

The potential ecological and livelihood benefits of Moringa plants are often overlooked. There is a need to raise awareness and encourage farmers and decision makers to adopt Moringa on marginal and degraded lands with changing climate risks. Previous studies have focused mainly on the pharmacological uses and oil content from a commercial point of view and failed to explore its ecological benefits and economic potential to address the growing problems of global food insecurity, malnutrition, and climate risks. Planting Moringa on unused and marginal land can improve soil fertility, food production, and resilience to climate change, offering a significant opportunity for diversification of livelihoods and economic development in the changing climate. Henceforth, this study compiles scientific evidence through a systematic literature search to highlight the ecological benefits and livelihood opportunities associated with the use of Moringa. Initially, we retrieved 206 pieces of global literature and, through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted information from 22 articles. Various studies have consistently shown that Moringa leaves are highly nutritious and that their consumption can combat food and nutrition insecurity in low-income countries. Its seeds offer the potential for the commercial production of oils with heart-healthy properties. The oil is stable and suitable for cooking and its quality varies depending on location and environmental factors. When included in the diet, Moringa leaves improve the quality and quantity of goat milk and support the growth of fish in aquaculture. The extract of Moringa provides versatile uses in water purification, offering sustainable solutions to water pollution. We thus conclude that Moringa's diverse applications can contribute to the livelihood enhancement and economic well-being of poor and marginalized farmers in low-income countries. Planting Moringa trees in abandoned croplands and other degraded areas can have positive ecological and socioeconomic outcomes for rural communities. However, to support smallholders in low-income countries, favorable policies, field-based research evidences, and products development are crucial.

Delayed anaphylaxis due to Alpha-gal allergy: A modified desensitization protocol with red meat in an adult patient.

Alpha-gal allergy is the sensitization to Alpha-gal present in saliva when a tick bites and the development of an IgE-mediated reaction to Alpha-gal also present in red meat by cross-reactivity. In contrast to other food allergies, symptoms occur as late as 2-6 hours after a meal. Prick to prick testing with nonmammalian meat in combination with cooked mammalian meat is recommended for diagnosis. However, the main diagnostic test is Alpha-gal sIgE> 0.1 IU/mL. The primary recommendation in patients with Alpha-gal syndrome is to prevent new tick bites and avoid all mammalian meats. Since most of the dishes in our country's food culture contain red meat, elimination diet may adversely affect patients quality of life. In the management of these patients, the option of desensitization with red meat can be considered by evaluating the benefit-risk ratio together with the patient. Our patient with a history of tick bites and a reaction pattern ranging from urticaria to anaphylaxis two hours after meat consumption was evaluated for Alpha gal allergy. The patient was found to be positive by prick-to-prick with cooked red meat. In addition, the high level of Alpha-gal specific IgE (27.3 Ku/L) confirmed the Alpha-gal allergy, and the decision to apply desensitization with red meat was taken. There are only two literatures on this subject, one of which includes two adult cases and the other a single pediatric case. Since a reaction developed in the fifth step of the 27-step desensitization scheme (Ünal et al.), which we took as a reference, which led to a dose increase of more than 100 times, we modified the protocol by using an intermediate steps. We repeated the prick-to-prick test with red meat after desensitization in our case who successfully completed the modified desensitization protocol. Observation of more than half reduction in test edema diameter concretely supports the success of our modified desensitization protocol.

Sedimentary records of contaminant inputs in Frobisher Bay, Nunavut

Contaminants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), primarily reach the Arctic through long-range atmospheric and oceanic transport. However, local sources within the Arctic also contribute to the levels observed in the environment, including legacy sources and new sources that arise from activities associated with increasing commercial and industrial development. The City of Iqaluit in Frobisher Bay, Nunavut (Canada), has seen rapid population growth and associated development during recent decades yet remains a site of interest for ocean protection, where Inuit continue to harvest country food. In the present study, seven dated marine sediment cores collected in Koojesse Inlet near Iqaluit, and from sites in inner and outer Frobisher Bay, respectively, were analyzed for total mercury (THg), major and trace elements, PAHs, PCBs, and PFASs. The sedimentary record in Koojesse Inlet shows a period of Aroclor 1260-like PCB input concurrent with military site presence in the 1950–60s, followed by decades of input of pyrogenic PAHs, averaging about ten times background levels. Near-surface sediments in Koojesse Inlet also show evidence of transient local-source inputs of THg and PFASs, and recycling or continued slow release of PCBs from legacy land-based sources. Differences in PFAS congener composition clearly distinguish the local sources from long-range transport. Outside Koojesse Inlet but still in inner Frobisher Bay, 9.2 km from Iqaluit, sediments showed evidence of both local source (PCB) and long-range transport. In outer Frobisher Bay, an up-core increase in THg and PFASs in sediments may be explained by ongoing inputs of these contaminants from long-range transport. The context for ocean protection and country food harvesting in this region of the Arctic clearly involves both local sources and long-range transport, with past human activities leaving a long legacy insofar as levels of persistent organic pollutants are concerned.