Countries Of Different Continents Research Articles

Right to digital integrity as a new fundamental human right? Pro et contra

The new technological order as well as digitalization (digital transformation) of social life are increasingly influencing the regulatory instruments thereof, giving rise to the emergence of technological (digital) branches of law and legislation («digital law» etc.). Until recently, these changes have left almost unaffected the institution of fundamental human and citizen’s rights and freedoms considered as «technologically neutral», i.e. applicable in every kind of environment, including the digital one. Nevertheless, the things here also changing, as evidenced by introduction into the Constitution of Geneva of a new kind of fundamental right entitled - the «right to digital integrity». The article explores and appraises the arguments for and against (pro et contra) the separate consecration of fundamental digital rights and corresponding fundamental digital duties of the State. The research derives from the combination of common scientific and legal exploratory methods together with an interdisciplinary approach (assessment of relevance of digital constitutionalism). The article provides an overview of global constitutional experience of countries of different continents, where the constitutional provisions containing digital rights (DR) have been proposed or are already in force. Taking as a starting point the Swiss legal provisions, the article presents the right to digital integrity and evaluates the positive and negative consequences of its constitutionalisation. Given, the uncertainty of the effects of the abovementioned constitutional innovation the author points out that it is preferable to consecrate the right to digital integrity in federal States initially at the level of federal entities and only later at the national level, as Switzerland did. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic consists in the identification and comparison of conflicting legal arguments supporting and criticizing the specific consecration of digital rights.

Fall and Convergence of World Inflation Rates (1998-2019)

The trend observed from 1998 until 2019 over world disinflation and over the stabilization of national inflations at low levels is due to the behavior of US inflation. This can be said in the light of econometric results with quarterly US figures and other 30 countries of different continents. Indeed, these results favor such a hypothesis and do not favor alternative hypotheses that would emphasize the national monetary policies or deflationist shocks of “real” origin (non-monetary). Besides, the empirical evidence indicates that, in general terms, national monetary policies have been lax in this sense: monetary policy makers have taken advantage of the disinflationary trend from the US to execute lax policies by foreseeing related benefits (over the economic activity, for instance).

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Fast Growing Transboundary Disease in Many Countries of Different Continents Including Pakistan

Lumpy Skin Disease: A Fast Growing Transboundary Disease in Many Countries of Different Continents Including Pakistan

Percepção de noticiabilidade em um contexto regional

O artigo volta-se à percepção de noticiabilidade em um recorte regional peculiar: a região de Corumbá, em Mato Grosso do Sul. Em seu vértice metodológico, o estudo segue um desenho estrutural análogo ao levantamento de critérios de noticiabilidade desenvolvido por Shoemaker e Cohen (2006) em dez países de diferentes continentes – no caso em questão, a utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e de exercícios de gatekeeping. Denota-se dos resultados a pertinência da compreensão da noticiabilidade como um constructo de natureza cognitiva localizado nas mediações jornalísticas da vida cotidiana. Não obstante exista relativa concordância entre jornalistas e leitores na percepção de noticiabilidade, identificam-se, por outro lado, apenas escassas relações entre as hierarquizações extraídas dos exercícios e o conteúdo noticioso que integra o corpus de análise.

The trade and economic cooperation between Ukraine and Canada in the context of the free trade agreement

Introduction. Deepening of trade and economic cooperation between the countries remains one of driving forces for their economic development, especially in the context of globalization. Thus, developed countries are the largest exporters and importers in the world market, and special attention is paid to the sale of finished products. The conclusion of regional trade agreements between countries promote development of trade , as trade policy is one of the main issues in them, they take into account the degree of processing of products, the terms of liberalization, quotas and others. Ukraine is also trying to diversifу export and increase its volume as a result of the conclusion of Free Trade Agreements, in particular with Canada.Purpose. Explore the trade and economic relations between Ukraine and Canada, taking into account the Free Trade Agreement and determine the complementarity of relations of countries.Methods. The methods of theoretical generalization, analysis, economic-mathematical modeling, comparison and etc. were used in the work.Results. The artticle emphasizes growth of RTA in the world between countries of different continents and levels of economic development, in particular for example Ukraine and Canada. The development of cooperation between these countries through the study of legal documents concluded by them and the dynamics of bilateral trade is considered. The conclusion of RTA by Canada and Ukraine with a number of other countries is noted, with the selection of the most influential ones, in particular NAFTA and USMCA. The commodity diversification of Canada’s exports and imports, bilateral trade with Ukraine are analyzed, and its increase is observed both in general and in the last years after the conclusion of the Agreement, trade in agrarian products is highlighted.The resulting indicators of trade development between the countries were also calculated, the level of complementarity of the commodity structure of foreign trade of Ukraine and Canada was determined, which indicates the prospects for the development of cooperation between them. The issues of liberalization in the context of the concluded Free Trade Agreement, export requirements are considered, the possible consequences for Ukraine as a result of the concluded Agreement and measures to promote the deepening of trade are presented.Discussion. In the future, we should focus on the research of trade of individual sectors of the economy, commodity diversification of exports and ways of its deepening, the competitiveness of products, increase total export of Canada and Ukraine.

Die internationalen erben des bauhauses im fokus / Bauhaus Project: Focus on International Style Heirs

Research aim is to find out the features of the project bau1haus, which explores the architectural heritage of the Bauhaus in a global context through the art of photography; systematize approaches to the interaction of the photographer with the aesthetics of the building; to record the results of the study in terms of identifying the values of the interaction of the Bauhaus architectural style with the basic principles of architecture of different countries, and its metamorphosis in the present. Research methodology is based on the method of de construction, which involves the study of visual language in altered conditions with the help of conceptual photography. Scientific novelty. The article considers the place of the Bauhaus in the aspect of the international architectural phenomenon, the style of which is uniquely incorporated into the urban landscapes of different countries and still creates their modern face. The scientific novelty lies in a generalized review of the point events and phenomena during the twentieth century that makes up the evolution of the Bauhaus. The article also presents a unique photographic material – Bauhaus buildings, which were found during the cultural explorations of the photographer J. Molitor in countries of different continents. Some buildings are already in disrepair, others have stopped social time, and others – are restored and functioning in full force. It is important for the photographer to accurately reproduce the image of the building in order to reveal as much as possible its entire socio-cultural context. The study revealed the peculiarities of the photographer’s work: his main task is not only to capture a building. It is important to rethink it in preparation for photography and during it in the aspect of modern life, from the perspective of the coexistence of Bauhaus architecture and the man of the globalized digital society. Conclusions. As a result of scientific and artistic research in the framework of the bau1haus project, a network of architects was identified, which becomes clear through the use of similar methods and approaches, as well as influence the general trends of the time. An important result of the bau1haus project is the identification of the interaction of the former aesthetics of the building with modernity, its visual significance in the changed conditions. This was made possible by conceptual photography, which was performed using a systematic approach of the photographer through the understanding of the built-in structure in space. The work done has revealed the essential aspects of modernism, much of which is between the two world wars. The formation, development, and metamorphosis of the forms and methods generated by Bauhaus are also recorded with the help of photography. This is important for the transmission of cultural heritage to future generations and to stimulate further research.

Percepção de noticiabilidade entre jornalistas, assessores de imprensa e leitores de jornais de Campo Grande (MS)

The article presents results from one of the steps of a broader investigation about the universe of news selection and journalistic narration in regional contexts, notably in the case of Mato Grosso do Sul. From the methodological point of view, the research follows a structural design analogous to the newsworthiness study developed by Shoemaker and Cohen (2006) in ten countries of different continents. For the purposes of this article, the focus is on newsworthiness perception between journalists, press officers, and readers from Campo Grande (MS) newspapers based on inferences from gatekeeping exercises. The results show that although there is individual agreement between journalists and readers in the newsworthiness perception, on the other hand, it can be identified only weak or negative relations between the hierarchies from gatekeeping exercises and the news content that integrates the corpus of analysis. Keywords: Journalism. Newsworthiness. Mato Grosso do Sul. Gatekeeping.

Machine Learning For Prognosis of Life Expectancy and Diseases

Longevity depends on various facets such as economic growth of the country, along with the health innovations of the region. Along with the prophecy of existence, we also figure out how sensitive a particular mainland is to few chronic diseases. These factors have a robust impact on the potential life span of the population. We study the biological and economical aspects of continents and their countries to predict the life expectancy of the population and to perceive the probability of the continent possessing long standing diseases like measles, HIV/AIDS, etc. Our research is conducted on the theory that exhibits the dependency or correlation of life expectancy with the various factors which includes the health factors as well as the economic factors. Two Machine learning algorithms simple linear regression, multiple linear regression are used for predicting the expectancy of life over different continents, whereas, decision tree algorithm, random forest algorithm, and were applied to classify the likelihood of occurrence of the disease. On comparing and contrasting various algorithms, we can infer that, multiple linear regression produces the most accurate results as to what the average life expectancy of the population would be given the current features of the continent like the adult mortality rate, alcohol consumption rate, infant deaths, the GDP of the country, average percentage expenditure of the population on health care and treatments, schooling rate, and other such features. On the other hand, we study five diseases namely, HIV/AIDS, measles, diphtheria, hepatitis B and polio. The experiment concluded that, on majority, random forest produces better results of classification based on the economic factors of the combination of various countries of different continents.

Para pensar la educación política en la educación formal

The purpose of this essay is to share the reflections about the meaning of politics to be able to think, from there, of the potential of a kind of education capable of giving back to the subject the right to take the floor and act, to exercise the politicization in the best possible way. From what is currently observed in countries of different continents, especially those with great inequalities, high levels of corruption and vulnerable sovereignty, the texts of Hannah Arendt (1997) are taken as a source of theoretical reflection in order to bring her into dialogue with more contemporary authors, like Bauman (2001), who invite us to recognize the many devastating faces of fear and their consequent paralyzing effect. After arguing the need to restore politics, reflection is opened to think about the implications of this need for the meaning of education.

Детерминанты демографического перехода на глобальном Юге

Все страны глобального Севера прошли демографический переход, большинство из них стоят на пороге неминуемой депопуляции. В течение последних двух десятилетий к ним присоединились три десятка стран глобального Юга (включая Китай) с совокупным населением в 1,5 млрд чел. Некоторые развивающиеся страны разных континентов (в том числе Индия) находятся в продвинутых фазах перехода, в то время как в Африке к югу от Сахары, в том числе в многонаселенной Нигерии, рождаемость остается на очень высоком уровне. Демографический взрыв в регионе еще долго не будет погашен, к концу столетия население может увеличиться еще на 1,8-4,5 млрд человек, что чревато разрушительными последствиями. Снижение детской смертности и модернизация образа жизни порождают прокреативное целеполагание и формируют механизмы адаптации рождаемости к фоновому уровню и индивидуальному опыту детской смертности, а также снижают плодовитость. Эта трансформация создает условия для снижения рождаемости. Тренд снижения зависит от динамики числа желаемых (выживших) детей и возможностей реализации этого желания. Прокреативная цель является функцией социально-экономических факторов, включая образование, занятость, урбанизацию, а также не всегда поддающихся количественному выражению институциональных и экологических условий. Современная контрацепция является эффективным способом достижения прокреативной цели. Пробуксовывание демографического перехода во многих странах Африки к югу от Сахары обусловливается неблагоприятными значениями всех факторов рождаемости, а продолжение демографического взрыва приведет к тяжелым последствиям.

Differential Evolutionary Dynamics of Enterovirus D68 From Countries of Different Continents

Aim: To explore the underlying genetic reasons of Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) for its differential epidemiological patterns among continents. Materials & methods: Four hundred and sixty complete VP1 sequences of EV-D68 from GenBank were analyzed with phylodynamics approaches. Results: Sharp bottlenecks of viral population dynamics in 2014 were observed to be strongly correlated with pandemic prevalence of EV-D68; multi-clade distribution of EV-D68 in the USA and Germany in the time-scaled maximum clade credibility tree of total EV-D68 was also a discriminative feature between pandemic and sporadic prevalences. Conclusion: These findings provide insights into the phylogenetic features of EV-D68 correlated with its differential epidemiological patterns among continents.

The global establishment of a highly-fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 strain

While the spread of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky resistant to ciprofloxacin across Africa and the Middle-East has been described recently, the presence of this strain in humans, food, various animal species (livestock, pets, and wildlife) and in environment is suspected in other countries of different continents. Here, we report results of an in-depth molecular epidemiological study on a global human and non-human collection of S. Kentucky (n = 70). We performed XbaI-pulsed field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, assessed mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions, detected β-lactam resistance mechanisms, and screened the presence of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). In this study, we highlight the rapid and extensive worldwide dissemination of the ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Kentucky ST198-X1-SGI1 strain since the mid-2000s in an increasingly large number of contaminated sources, including the environment. This strain has accumulated an increasing number of chromosomal and plasmid resistance determinants and has been identified in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Europe since 2010. The second substitution at position 87 in GyrA (replacing the amino acid Asp) appeared helpful for epidemiological studies to track the origin of contamination. This global study provides evidence leading to the conclusion that high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in S. Kentucky is a simple microbiological trait that facilitates the identification of the epidemic clone of interest, ST198-X1-SGI1. Taking this into account is essential in order to detect and monitor it easily and to take rapid measures in livestock to ensure control of this infection.

WSES SM (World Society of Emergency Surgery Summer Meeting) highlights: emergency surgery around the world (Brazil, Finland, USA)

Emergency surgery is performed in every hospital with a A and E unit all around the world. However it is organized in different ways with different results.Aim of this paper is to present history, current scope, current training program and new politics for training national program of 3 countries of different continents.Brazil, Finland and US emergency surgery models are presented discussing all criticisms showed during the WSES Summer Meeting 2008.

Reflection: The Larger Context

useful, and with more practical insights to significantly improve the quality of education in classrooms, than the theme that guides this issue, a theme that looks at learning, teaching, and leadership as interacting dimensions in an integrated framework. This issue contains insights from experiences and theoretical analyses from countries of different continents around the world, and is remarkable for its great diversity and breadth, and for the confluence of major common ideas and approaches that govern good practice in different settings. Although the project titles and the labels for the conceptual approaches may differ from shared leadership to student-centeredness, to reflective management, to empowerment through decentralization, to organizational learning the underlying philosophy and implied practices provide teachers and school heads with the tools to

First description of the male and redescription of the female of Paratrichosoma recurvum (Nematoda: Capillariidae), a skin-invading parasite of crocodiles in Mexico.

The first description of the male and a redescription of the female of the nematode Paratrichosoma recurvum (Solger, 1877), a parasite of the abdominal skin of crocodiles, are presented on the basis of specimens collected from Crocodilus moreletii Duméril et Bibron from the Lagoon of Celestún, Yucatan, Mexico. The morphology of P. recurvum proved to be very similar to that of the only other congeneric species, P. crocodylus Ashford et Muller, 1978, but the former differed from the latter in having distinctly protruding polar plugs on eggs, reduced mesenchymal cells at the esophagointestinal junction, and a smooth spicular surface as well as in geographic distribution. The finding of P. recurvum in C. moreletii represents a new host record. Paratrichosoma spp. appear to be widely distributed in tropical countries of different continents and may be of economic importance for crocodile farms.

Genome conservation in isolates of Leptospira interrogans

Reference strains for each of the 23 serogroups of Leptospira interrogans yielded different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of NotI digestion products. This was also the case for the 14 serovars belonging to serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae (with one exception). The NotI restriction patterns of 45 clinical leptospiral isolates belonging to serovar icterohaemorrhagiae were analyzed and compared with those of type strains. No differences were observed between isolates from countries of different continents, namely, France, French Guiana, New Caledonia, and Tahiti. The pattern was indistinguishable from that of the reference strain of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae.

International symposium “Biology and Taxonomy of Green Algae”, Smolenice, Czecho-Slovakia, June, 25–29, 1990, report

The international symposium “Biology and Taxonomy of Green Algae” took place at the House of Scientific Workers of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Smolenice-Castle, Czecho-Slovakia, June 25–29, 1990. The meeting was attended by 76 participants from 22 countries of different continents. 26 lectures were given and 30 poster presentations were exhibited. The scientific programme deals with the chlorophytes taxonomy general topics, taxonomy of individual groups of freshwater chlorophytes incl. microworkshops on taxonomy of chlorococcal genera Chlorella and Scenedesmus, respectively, and on the genetics and biochemistry of Chlamydomonas. One half-day excursion was organized during the symposium, and two parallel trips at the end of the symposium.

International Symposium “Progress in Algal Taxonomy”, Smolenice, Czechoslovakia, June 15–19, 1987, Report

Summary The international symposium Progress in Algal Taxonomy took place at the House of Scientific Workers of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Smolenice-Castle, Czechoslovakia, from June 15 to 19, 1987. The symposium was attended by 68 participants from 21 countries of different continents. 24 lectures were given and 32 poster presentations were exhibited and discussed. The scientific programme dealt with the algal taxonomy general topics, taxonomy of individual groups of freshwater cyanophytes and algae incl. microworkshop on taxonomy of green algae, and modern methods of taxonomic evaluation. Three half-day excursions were organized during the symposium, and a postsymposial excursion to the South Bohemian fishpond region was arranged from June 20 to 24, 1987.