Counter Control Research Articles

Assessment of creatinine and blood urea in kidney failure patient within Kerkuk city, Iraq

The assessment of creatinine, a waste product produced by muscle metabolism that is filtered out of the body by the kidneys and the levels of blood urea are important tools for monitoring kidney's function. A total of 191 patients (105 male and 86 female) encountered in this study, with kidney failure compared with 21 control healthy individuals (11 male and 10 female). A significant increase (p≤0.0012) in creatinine was detected in kidney failure patients (9.3±3.2) in comparison with control (0.62±0.1) as well as between the genders. In female the creatinine level was significantly higher (p≤0.05) than that of male. The general levels of urea have also elevated in kidney failure disease (KFD) from (112±42) in comparison with control (25±10) but with a slight significant difference (p≤0.05) between the genders. The percentages of Hb% showed a significant decrease (p≤0.007) in kidney failure patients in comparison with control of all cases. Similarly, the packed cell volume (PCV) had significantly dropped down (p≤0.01) in total patients as well as in between genders in comparison with their counter control. Increased urea 4-5 folds in kidney patients confirms, to certain extend, the occurrence of dysfunction of kidneys and failure to re-absorb the nitrogen components leading to elevation of its amount in patients. Regular monitoring of creatinine and blood urea levels, along with other factors deems essential for improving patient health and quality of life.

Automatic Reading and Billing System of Energy Meter Using IoT

This project describes the implementation of an energy meter with IoT concepts and microcontroller-based designs. The proposed system design eliminates the involvement of human participation in power maintenance. If the purchaser does not pay for the bill within the provided period, power transmission can be switched by the autonomous type of the remote server. The user can control energy consumption in the device from the web page by providing the IP address of the device. The anti-theft recognition unit connected to the energy meter is notified to the company when counter control is performed, and theft recognition information is performed through the modem, and the detected theft is displayed in the terminal window of the company page. The IoT process is carried out by the WiFi unit. The WiFi unit sends data from the energy meter to a web page that can be viewed via an IP address. The hardware interface circuit consists of an ATMEGA 328 microcontroller, MAX232, LCD display, ESP8266 WiFi module and GSM modem. The WiFi unit runs the IOT process by sending data from the energy meter to the website.

Circadian-timed dopamine agonist treatment reverses high-fat diet-induced diabetogenic shift in ventromedial hypothalamic glucose sensing.

IntroductionWithin the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), glucose inhibitory (GI) neurons sense hypoglycaemia while glucose excitatory (GE) neurons sense hyperglycaemia to initiate counter control mechanisms under normal conditions. However, potential electrophysiological alterations of these two neuronal types in vivo in insulin‐resistant states have never been simultaneously fully documented. Further, the anti‐diabetic effect of dopamine agonism on this VMH system under insulin resistance has not been studied.MethodsThis study examined the impact of a high‐fat diet (HFD) on in vivo electrophysiological recordings from VMH GE and GI neurons and the ability of circadian‐timed dopamine agonist therapy to reverse any adverse effect of the HFD on such VMH activities and peripheral glucose metabolism.ResultsHFD significantly inhibited VMH GE neuronal electrophysiological response to local hyperglycaemia (36.3%) and augmented GI neuronal excitation response to local hypoglycaemia (47.0%). Bromocriptine (dopamine agonist) administration at onset of daily activity (but not during the daily sleep phase) completely reversed both VMH GE and GI neuronal aberrations induced by HFD. Such timed treatment also normalized glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. These VMH and peripheral glucose metabolism effects of circadian‐timed bromocriptine may involve its known effect to reduce elevated VMH noradrenergic activity in insulin‐resistant states as local VMH administration of norepinephrine was observed to significantly inhibit VMH GE neuronal sensing of local hyperglycaemia in insulin‐sensitive animals on regular chow diet (52.4%).ConclusionsHFD alters VMH glucose sensing in a manner that potentiates hyperglycaemia and this effect on the VMH can be reversed by appropriately circadian‐timed dopamine agonist administration.

Target Control of Directed Networks based on Network Flow Problems

Target control of directed networks, which aims to control only a target subset instead of the entire set of nodes in large natural and technological networks, is an outstanding challenge faced in various real world applications. We address one fundamental issue regarding this challenge, i.e., for a given target subset, how to allocate a minimum number of control sources which provide input signals to the network nodes. This issue remains open in general networks with loops. We show that the issue is essentially a path cover problem and can be further converted into a maximum network flow problem. A method termed `Maximum Flow based Target Path-cover' (MFTP) with complexity $O(|V|^{1/2}|E|)$ in which $|V|$ and $|E|$ denote the number of network nodes and edges is proposed. It is also rigorously proven to provide the minimum number of control sources on arbitrary directed networks, whether loops exist or not. We anticipate that this work would serve wide applications in target control of real-life networks, as well as counter control of various complex systems which may contribute to enhancing system robustness and resilience.

Make the most out of your SIMD investments: counter control flow divergence in compiled query pipelines

Increasing single instruction multiple data (SIMD) capabilities in modern hardware allows for the compilation of data-parallel query pipelines. This means GPU-alike challenges arise: control flow divergence causes the underutilization of vector-processing units. In this paper, we present efficient algorithms for the AVX-512 architecture to address this issue. These algorithms allow for the fine-grained assignment of new tuples to idle SIMD lanes. Furthermore, we present strategies for their integration with compiled query pipelines so that tuples are never evicted from registers. We evaluate our approach with three query types: (i) a table scan query based on TPC-H Query 1, that performs up to 34% faster when addressing underutilization, (ii) a hashjoin query, where we observe up to 25% higher performance, and (iii) an approximate geospatial join query, which shows performance improvements of up to 30%.

Measurements of Periodic Signals Phase Shifts with Application of Direct Digital Synthesis

The development of new methods and high-bit instruments for measuring phase shifts of high-frequency periodic signals with high speed for radar and radionavigation tasks is an actual task. The purpose of this work is to create a new phase shift meter for high-frequency periodic signals based on the double-matching method using direct digital frequency synthesis.On the basis of the proposed mathematical model of phase shift measurements of periodic signals by the method of double coincidence using the statistical accumulation of pulse coincidences, a functional diagram of a digital phase shift meter of periodic signals using a direct digital frequency synthesizer is developed. This allowed the implementation of an 8-bit converter phase shift signal to the code on the programmed logic integrated circuit EPM240T100C5N firm Altera.The digital phase shift meter of periodic signals based on the double-matching method consists of two comparators, two short-wave pulse generators, a direct digital frequency synthesizer, two pulse counter control circuits, two short pulse coincidence circuits, two pulse counting circuits, four clock counters, four registers, a microcontroller and an indicator. Block diagram of a double-matching digital phase meter using direct digital sintesizer use minimal hardware logic.In the developed phase shift meter, due to the use of the double-matching method, the time delay between signals does not depend on the period of input signals and can be found when changing the frequency of periodic pulses in wide limits. Measurement errors will be determined mainly by the duration of the pulses of coincidence. The use of statistical accumulation of pulse coincidence in the basis of the work allowed eliminating the restrictions on the duration of pulses of known non-ionic meters.On the basis of the obtained results, a high-bit converter of phase shifts of high-frequency periodic signals into a binary code with high speed for problems of industrial tomography, radar and radionavigation can be developed.

Conveyor Control System Product Calculation Based On Programmable Logic Controller

The purpose of this study is design and create a product counter control prototype control system based on a programmable logic controller. Using the ladder diagram programming language with cx-programmer 9.5 software that can be applied as commands in the PLC and produce an output that is used to control and drive the product counter conveyor prototype. This research begins with literature review, design and follows by assembly conveyor, DC motor, power supply, controller circuit, proximity sensor, digital counter and PLC. The measurement result is the speed of processing time of the parcel beam 1.51 second and 2.96 second removal of the sensor, sensor detection 7 cm, the accuracy of calculation of the number of products can calculate precisely and well. The test results show that the design of the tool can work well in the process of calculating the number of products.Keyword : Control System, conveyor, proximity sensor, DC motor

Comparative Analysis of Antigiardial Potential of Heat Inactivated and Probiotic Protein of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in Murine Giardiasis.

The present study was designed to envisage the antigiardial efficacy of killed probiotic and probiotic protein (PP) of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in murine giardiasis. Experimentally, it was observed that animal administered either with probiotic protein emulsified with adjuvant (PP(E) + Giardia) or killed probiotic (killed probiotic (i/p) + Giardia) had significantly reduced Giardia cycle with respect to observed severity and duration of giardiasis compared with Giardia-infected mice. Further, it was found that animals belonging to PP(E) + Giardia and killed probiotic (i/p) + Giardia had significantly high levels of antigiardial IgA antibody and nitric oxide both in serum and in intestinal fluid compared with Giardia-infected and counter control mice. Histopathologyically, also animals belonging to PP(E) + Giardia and killed probiotic (i/p) + Giardia animals had intact mucosal epithelium lining, basal crypts, and normal villi along with increased goblet cells compared with severe microvillus atrophy, vacuolated epithelial cells, and ileitis in Giardia-infected mice. This is the first-ever study to demonstrate that prior administration of either killed probiotics or probiotic protein of effective probiotic reduced both the severity and the duration of giardiasis mainly by modulating the gut microbiome and morphology along with mucosal immunity, but animals belonging to PP(E) + Giardia had better response than killed probiotic (i/p) + Giardia suggesting that probiotic components do have adjuvant potential and may be used as the vaccine candidate for gastrointestinal diseases.

Poetic prosumption of animation, comic, game and novel in a post-socialist China: A case of a popular video-sharing social media Bilibili as heterotopia

Based on the case of Bilibili, a popular Chinese video-sharing social media with a core focus on animation, comic, game and novel, this article examines the transnational prosumption practices of Chinese urban youth who mostly belong to Generation Z. I conduct ethnographic research and in-depth interviews with animation, comic, game and novel fans to investigate the construction of heterotopia on Bilibili through their various practices of tactical prosumption. This article demonstrates that young animation, comic, game and novel fans prosume, socialise and express themselves in a tactical and poetic way within the heterotopia, a place of otherness. Various tactics are employed to challenge and counter control, social norms as well as consumerism. Starting with a critical engagement with Azuma’s pessimistic view on animation, comic, game and novel fan culture, the notion of ‘database animals’, I argue that a neglected, albeit nuanced, poetic and tactical prosumption process is evident on Chinese social media. Being the results of an interdisciplinary study, the findings will be helpful to scholars who are interested in contemporary Chinese studies with a focus on the animation industry, fandom, consumption and social media.

Note: Space qualified solid state photon counting detector with reduced detection delay temperature drift.

The solid state photon counting detector is one of the key components of a measurement chain for laser time transfer ground to space. The photon counting approach significantly reduces systematic errors of the time transfer. The requirements put on the detection precision and the stability of laser time transfer are increasing and reaching sub-picosecond levels now. The temperature variations in the space environment limit the long term detection delay stability of detectors. Therefore, we have modified the existing space qualified solid state photon counter control circuit which compensates to a high degree the temperature variations of detection delay. We have optimized the detection delay change with operating temperature and reached the lowest temperature coefficient as low as 20 fs/K in a temperature range of +22 to +46 °C. The timing resolution and photon detection probability remained unchanged at the values of 40 ps FWHM and 30%, respectively. Thanks to the low temperature drift of the detector, the limiting precision of the laser time transfer chain characterized by time deviation is lower than 40 fs for 2000 s averaging time. These detection delay stability parameters are, to our knowledge, the best ever reported for any photon counting detector. This modification of the detector control circuit did not affect the space qualification of the device, which is expected to be used in future laser time transfer space missions.

Fast Automatic Frequency Calibrator Using an Adaptive Frequency Search Algorithm

A new adaptive frequency search algorithm (A-FSA) is presented for a fast automatic frequency calibrator in wideband phase-locked loops (PLLs). The proposed A-FSA optimizes the number of clock counts for each frequency comparison cycle, depending on the difference between the target frequency and the PLL output frequency, as opposed to a binary frequency search algorithm (B-FSA), where the frequency search time per cycle is fixed. This eliminates unnecessary clocking times during the frequency comparison process, and thus reduces the total PLL lock time. The additional circuitry needed for A-FSA is only a simple counter controller, thus minimizing hardware overhead. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, two wideband PLLs are designed and simulated using a 65-nm CMOS technology: one with B-FSA, and the other with A-FSA. The latter achieves a lock time faster than the former by at least a factor of 2, even under worst case conditions.

Bioterrorism Preparedness for Malaysian Environment

The threat of bioterrorism focuses attention on overall preparedness to address the challenges posed by new and reemerging infectious diseases. Bioterrorism scenarios illustrate the diversity of disciplines and perspectives required to confront these threats, whether naturally occurring or purposely caused. Response to bioterrorism has become a vital agenda for Malaysian. As a Malaysian citizen we should be prepared and know how to response when bioterrorism attack occurs. The study was conducted to discover the possible threat and evaluate the readiness plans that are possible for the Malaysian environment. The responding plan were identified and recommended in this study. The study was conducted mainly through literature survey which was referred to main official documents as primary source, journals and books as secondary source. The study had some limitation in accessing to some of the classified documents especially from the government officials. In conclusion, there is a need to implement research and development that comes together with the involvement of various relevant agencies that are feasible in this process. Prevention needs to be impart right from the first stage. This is so important in terms of counter measure and control of bioterrorism activity.

APM – Simple and Fast MPC Algorithm for LTI SISO Systems

In this paper a simple and fast APM (Asymptotic Predictive Method) algorithm for real time control of LTI SISO (Linear Time Invariant Single Input Single Output) systems has been presented. Optimal control signal on each sampling period is calculated using trivial counter control sequence instead of demanding QP (Quadratic Programming) numerical method. Using Matlab simulation, APM control has been compared with demanding standard MPC (Model Predictive Control) algorithm on some typical high order dynamic systems with or without output constraints. Simulation results confirm competitiveness of APM algorithm with minor software and hardware demands.

Rare sugar d-psicose protects pancreas β-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats

Rare sugar d-psicose has cropped up as a non-toxic and effective compound to protect and preserve pancreatic β-islets in the growing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats through the regulation of glucose and fat metabolism. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of rare sugar d-psicose on the protection of pancreatic β-islets using Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, a T2DM model. Treated rats were fed with 5% d-psicose or 5% d-glucose supplemented drinking water, and only water in the control for 13weeks. A non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), fed with water served as a counter control of OLETF. d-Psicose significantly attenuated progressive β-islet fibrosis and preserved islets, evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining and immunostainings of insulin and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). d-Psicose significantly reduced increase in body weight and abdominal fat deposition. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed reduced blood glucose levels suggesting the improvement of insulin resistance. All these data suggests that d-psicose protected and preserved pancreatic β-islets through the maintenance of hyperglycemia and by the prevention of fat accumulation in OLETF rats.

Seismic Response of Torsionally Coupled System with Magnetorheological Dampers

The seismic response of linearly elastic, idealized single-storey, one-way asymmetric building with semiactive magnetorheological (MR) dampers with clipped-optimal algorithm is investigated. The response is obtained by numerically solving the governing equations of motion. The effects of eccentricity ratio, uncoupled time period, and ratio of uncoupled torsional to lateral frequency are investigated on peak responses which include lateral, torsional and edge displacements and their acceleration counter parts, base shear, and control forces. To study the effectiveness of control system, the controlled response of asymmetric system is compared with the corresponding uncontrolled response. Further, controlled response of asymmetric system is compared with corresponding symmetric system to study the effects of torsional coupling. It is shown that the implementation of semiactive dampers reduces the deformations significantly. Also, the effects of torsional coupling on effectiveness of semiactive system are found to be more sensitive to the variation of eccentricity and torsional to lateral frequency ratio.

Rare sugar d-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats

A rare sugar, d-psicose has progressively been evaluated as a unique metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and thus represents a promising compound for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study was undertaken to examine the underlying effector organs of d-psicose in lowering blood glucose and abdominal fat by exploiting a T2DM rat model, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Rats were fed 5% d-psicose or 5% d-glucose supplemented in drinking water, and only water in the control for 13 weeks and the protective effects were compared. A non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), fed with water served as a counter control of OLETF. After 13 weeks feeding, d-psicose treatment significantly reduced the increase in body weight and abdominal fat mass. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed the reduced blood glucose and insulin levels suggesting the improvement of insulin resistance in OLETF rats. Oil-re d-O staining elucidated that d-psicose significantly reduced lipid accumulation in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis showed d-psicose induced glucokinase translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm of the liver which enhances glucokinase activity and subsequent synthesis of glycogen in the liver. d-psicose also protected the pathological change of the β-cells of pancreatic islets. These data demonstrate that d-psicose controls blood glucose levels by reducing lipotoxicity in liver and by preserving pancreatic β-cell function.

Enhanced Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm in Ethernet Passive Optical Networks

As broadband access is evolving from digital subscriber lines to optical access networks, Ethernet passive optical networks (EPONs) are considered a promising solution for next generation broadband access. The point-to-multipoint topology of EPONs requires a time-division multiple access MAC protocol for upstream transmission. In this paper, we propose a new enhanced dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm with fairness called EFDBA for multiple services over EPONs. The proposed algorithm is composed of a fairness counter controller and a fairness system buffer in the optical line terminal. The EFDBA algorithm with fairness can provide increased capability and efficient resource allocation in an EPON system. In the proposed EFDBA algorithm, the optical line termination allocates bandwidth to the optical network units in proportion to the fairness weighting counter number associated with their class and queue length. The proposed algorithm provides efficient resource utilization by reducing the unused remaining bandwidth made by idle state optical network units.

Interaction mean free path of the particles emitted in cosmic ray nuclear explosions

The measurements of the interaction mean free path of the near minimum ionizing particles emitted in cosmic ray nuclear explosions are discussed. A new determination of this mean free path has been made at mountain altitude, using a counter controlled cloud chamber containing thin lead foils. The result is 200±25% g cm−2 Pb.

The design and implementation of a low-cost and programmable home automation module

This paper presents a home automation module with programmable control instructions (PCIs). Although it is implemented by using a low-cost 8-bit microcontroller with only 8 Kbytes of ROM spaces, a time-sharing task scheduler and 10 PCIs are included in the firmware. Timer and counter control, logic functions, and temperature control are examples of PCIs. Thanks to the design of pseudo nodes, these PCIs can also be combined to implement more complex functions that home automation needs. These modules, up to 65536 theoretically, share the same IP address, and can be found over the network via different port numbers. No dedicated home server is necessary because the network communication (TCP/IP) is handled by the module. A remote control and monitoring software is also developed to let users control the home automation modules on the Internet. The programmable home automation module has a lower cost and better cost/performance ratio than current home automation modules

Efficient hardware controller synthesis for synchronous dataflow graph in system level design

This paper concerns automatic hardware synthesis from data flow graph (DFG) specification in system level design. In the presented design methodology, each node of a data flow graph represents a hardware library module that contains a synthesizable VHDL code. Our proposed technique automatically synthesizes a clever control structure, cascaded counter controller, that supports asynchronous interaction with outside modules while efficiently implementing the synchronous dataflow semantics of the graph at the same time. Through comparison with previous works with some examples, the novelty of the proposed technique is demonstrated.