Counterclockwise Rotation Research Articles

Numerical study of vortex-induced autorotation of an elliptic blade in lid-driven cavity flow

Large-scale eddies in a lid-driven cavity are potential sources of angular momentum which can induce rotational effect in a free-to-rotate inertial body due to fluid–structure interaction. The novel objective of the present study is to investigate vortex-induced autorotation of an elliptic blade hinged at the centre of a lid-driven cavity. The governing equations are numerically solved using iterative direct forcing immersed boundary method. The impact of Reynolds number and blade length on dynamics characteristics of the blade are analysed. Considering left to right motion of horizontal top lid, four different vortex-induced modes are identified as the steady blade response, including stationary position, small-amplitude fluttering, clockwise autorotation and counter-clockwise autorotation. Long blades are mostly potential for steady clockwise autorotation, particularly in higher Reynolds numbers, due to dominance of principal near-wall cavity vortex compared to other vortices. In contrast, effective role of central counter-clockwise vortex in a short blade and weak interaction of such blade with the near-wall cavity vortex leads to a steady counter-clockwise rotation, particularly in high Reynolds numbers. In the case of low Reynolds numbers or blade with moderate length, vortex-induced blade motions in clockwise and counter-clockwise directions are fairly balanced, leading to stationary position or small-amplitude fluttering modes.

Insights on Formation of the Gulf of Mexico by Rayleigh Surface Wave Imaging

AbstractWe used cross‐correlation of ambient noise records from seismic stations in the US, Mexico, and Cuba to extract dispersion data of Rayleigh surface wave. Our derived 3D shear‐wave velocity model of the greater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) region captures variations in the crustal and lithospheric structures across the continental margins of the US Gulf Coast and Yucatan, Mexico. The model shows a zone of reduced velocity in the mantle lithosphere underlying the extended continental margin of the northwestern GOM. We attributed this velocity reduction to extensional deformation and melt‐induced weakening of the lithosphere during the Triassic continental rifting that preceded the seafloor spreading that formed the GOM. Melt extraction might have been hindered by the greater lithospheric thickness in the western region along the US Gulf Coast margin that resulted in the westward decrease of rift‐related volcanism/magmatism reported from previous studies. The clear asymmetry between the US Gulf Coast and its conjugate Yucatan margin suggests extension along a shear‐zone that focused more deformation on the North American plate prior to breakup. In contrast to the counterclockwise rotation of the Yucatan block during seafloor‐spreading, our analyses using deformable plate models demonstrate that continental rifting occurred in a predominantly northwest‐southeast direction. This change in plate motion is attributed to the development of mantle shear‐zones in the western part of the rift. We estimated the depth of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary and determined that the extended continental and oceanic lithospheres have mostly regained their thickness since the time of breakup.

A novel laparoscopic surgical robot (LSR) based on double-leg ultrasonic motor (DUM)

Magnetic anchor and guidance system has been widely used in laparoendoscopic single-site surgery with the benefit of small wound, wide field of vision (FoV), and convenience for repeated positioning. This paper introduces a novel three DoF laparoscopic surgical robot (LSR) based on double-leg ultrasonic motor (DUM) which features small dimension, fast response, and high positional precision. Piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) plates can excite longitudinal and bending coupled vibration of DUM and the two phase in-plane three order bending vibration can form traveling wave to drive DUM rotor. DUM stator is optimized by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II for good consistency of two working mode frequencies and negligible influence of adjacent interference modes on working modes, which improves motion stability and driving efficiency. The mechanical characteristic of DUM under different chamfer parameters has been studied through comparative experiments and the design of robot prototype is completed further. For clockwise and counterclockwise rotation, the maximum no-load rotary speeds are 333.75 and 335.77 rpm, and the maximum output torques are 2 and 1.6 N mm. The experimental platform for FoV measurement is built to verify that LSR can adjust the posture to obtain suitable surgical FoV, indicating that the application of DUM in LSR has significant advantages and great potential.

Laparoscopic management in an adult patient with intestinal obstruction secondary to congenital midgut malrotation: a case report and review of the literature

Intestinal malrotation is the failure of the fetal intestine to complete a 270-degree counter clockwise rotation around the superior mesenteric artery, resulting in positional and fixation abnormalities of the small and large intestine. Adult presentation is uncommon with an estimated incidence of 0.2 to 0.5%. There is no consensus on treatment in patients with asymptomatic intestinal malrotation in adults. The aim of this document was to report and review a case of intestinal malrotation conditioning intestinal obstruction in an adult patient with successful laparoscopic management. We conclude that laparoscopic resolution is feasible, reproducible and may ensure a faster recovery in a selected group of patients.

Bias in the superimposition of lateral cephalograms in adult patients with anterior open bite

Anterior open bite malocclusion can be treated nonsurgically using fixed appliances, clear aligners, or temporary anchorage devices (TADs). Proponents of clear aligners and TADs often attribute bite closure to molar intrusion and counterclockwise rotation of the mandibular plane. These changes may be supported by superimpositions. However, the process of creating a superimposition is subjective and may be influenced by practitioner bias. The initial and final lateral cephalograms from 30 adult anterior patients with open bite were used in this study. Ten patients were treated with fixed appliances, 10 with clear aligners, and 10 with TADs. We asked 6 orthodontic graduate students and 6 orthodontic practitioners to complete superimpositions using these radiographs in 3 separate sessions. In the first session, the raters were told that all patients only received treatment with fixed appliances. In the second session, the raters were told that all patients were treated with clear aligners only, and in the third session, they were told all patients were treated with fixed appliances and TADs. Superimpositions were performed using Dolphin software, and each superimposition was saved as a Portable Document Format image. Change in the mandibular plane was the primary outcome and was assessed categorically (closed, no change, opened). Cephalometric values were measured and used to investigate the dental and skeletal changes associated with treatment. Although the raters demonstrated a slight tendency toward the mandibular plane closing or staying the same when told the treatment was clear aligners or TADs, these differences were not statistically significant. A high degree of intrarater and interrater variability in the mandibular plane change was present in all 3 superimposition sessions. The measurements from the lateral cephs showed significant changes for overbite and incisor vertical and angular movements. Almost no change was observed in anterior facial height, mandibular plane angle, or vertical movement of the first molars. This study did not observe a significant amount of superimposition bias. However, there was considerable intrarater and interrater reliability. This suggests that the same initial and final cephs may be interpreted very differently on the basis of the subjective superimposition of the raters.

Effect of orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions on occlusal planes: A retrospective study.

To figure out whether premolar extractions treatment would influence the cant of the occlusal planes and thus affect dentoskeletal patterns in patients with different types of malocclusions. A total of 140 post-orthodontic treatment subjects (96 females, 44 males) were included in this study, and their lateral cephalograms and demographic information were collected and analysed. The patients were divided into extraction and non-extraction groups. The ANB, SNA, SNB, Wits, Facial Height Index (FHI), SN-MP, SN-AOP, SN-POP and AOP-POP angle were measured on the cephalograms. Other possible confounding factors were recorded. Data were analysed by univariate analysis, stratified analysis, multivariate analysis, and coefficient analysis. After treatment, the changes in the AOP-SN, POP-SN and AOP-POP angle were statistically different between the extraction and non-extraction groups. The results were consistent in different skeletal malocclusions and extent of crowding according to stratified analysis. After adjusting all confounding factors, the cant of the posterior occlusal plane was flattened further by 2.14 degrees in the extraction group than the non-extraction group after orthodontic treatment, and the AOP-SN and AOP-POP angle would further increase by 1.72 and 3.81 degrees, respectively. Although no significant differences were found between the two groups, the SNA, ANB, and Wits in the extraction group decreased more with increased counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. Compared to the non-extraction group, there were more increases in the AOP-SN and AOP-POP angle and more posterior flattening in patients with four premolar extractions despite different types of dentoskeletal malocclusion, which were correlated to the change of variables in sagittal and vertical dimensions such as Wits and FHI.

Influence of different kinematics on stationary and dynamic torsional behavior of JIZAI nickel-titanium rotary instruments: An in vitro study

Using conventional approach to examine stationary torque of nickel-titanium rotary instruments contradicts the clinical condition, and its validity for motions involving clockwise and counterclockwise rotations is questionable. This study aimed to examine the effect of different kinematics on the torsional behavior using a JIZAI instrument (#25/.04) under stationary/dynamic test conditions using clinical torque limit settings. In the stationary test, the 5-mm tip of JIZAI was fixed in a cylinder-shaped vise and rotated in continuous rotation (CR) with auto-torque-reverse, optimum-torque-reverse (OTR), or reciprocation (REC) until fracture (n = 10, each). In the dynamic test, straight and severe curved canals were instrumented with JIZAI using the single-length technique with CR, OTR, or REC (n = 10, each). The stationary torque at fracture, time to fracture (Tf), dynamic torque, and screw-in force were recorded using automated-shaping-device with torque/force measuring unit. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis (⍺ = 0.05). The kinematics did not influence the stationary or dynamic torques (P > 0.05); however, did influence the screw-in force in straight canals (P < 0.05). REC had significantly longer Tf, and severe curved canals yielded significantly greater torque and screw-in force in CR (P < 0.05). Under the present experimental conditions, parameters other than torque showed significant effects on different kinematics. The dynamic torque and screw-in force of OTR were similar to the other rotational modes and not influenced by the canal curvature.

Present–day crustal deformation across the Daliang Shan, southeastern Tibetan Plateau constrained by a dense GPS network

SUMMARYThe Daliang Shan is a tectonic unit that connects the active southeastern Tibetan Plateau with the stable South China block. As a newly generated (formed later than the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang active fault system) seismotectonic zone induced by the Tibetan tectonics, the detailed constraints of the crustal deformation are central to the understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of the Tibetan expansion. This paper establishes and analyses a high-spatial resolution global positioning system (GPS) velocity field from a dense GPS network in this region. Our modelling results indicate that, in contrast to the equivalent sinistral strike-slip rate of approximately 5 mm yr–1 on the Anninghe–Zemuhe and Daliangshan faults, their inferred interseismic locking depth varies within a large range. The southern segment of the Anninghe Fault and the middle segment of the Daliangshan Fault have deep locking depths of ∼13 km, indicating that the seismic risk is high in these areas. In addition, the detectable counter-clockwise rotation rate of 0.35 ± 0.12° Myr–1 of the Mabian block makes a significant contribution of ∼50 per cent to the strike-slip motion on its boundary faults. This counter-clockwise rotation may be induced by a left-lateral shear gradient with southeastward motion relative to the South China-fixed reference frame, indicating the significance of a simple-shear pattern in exploring the kinematics of the encroachment of the Tibetan tectonics upon a stable block (craton).

Hybrid nanofluid convection and phase change process in an expanded channel under the combined effects of double rotating cylinders and magnetic field

Convective heat transfer and phase changing process are analyzed for flow over facing step in a channel equipped with double rotating circular cylinders and phase change- packed bed (PCM-PB) under magnetic field. The favorable and opposing effects of using magnetic field with rotations on phase change and thermal performance for separated flow in PCM-PB installed system are numerically explored by using the finite element method. Base fluid with hybrid particle loading of 2% solid volume fraction is used. The analysis is performed for various values of rotational Reynolds number (Rew: −1000 and 1000), cylinder sizes (R:0.01 and 0.3), size ratio (SR:0.5 and 2) and Hartmann number (Ha: 0 and 20). When rotations are active, phase change becomes inefficient due to the establishment of the vortices near the PCM-PB zone. Complete phase transition time (tC) depends upon the rotational direction of the cylinders and fluid type. As compared to case at Rew = 0, tC rises up to 175% at Rew = 1000 by using pure fluid while using nanofluid reduces the tC value. The size and size ratio of the cylinders are highly influential on the vortex size behind the step which affects the phase transition dynamics. There are 185% and 172% variations in the tC values are observed when size and size rations are varied. The case with the PCM + nanofluid gives the highest Nusselt number (Nu) while lowest Nu is obtained when pure fluid without PCM is used. The average Nu rises with larger cylinders for counter clockwise rotations at the highest speed. Magnetic field suppresses the vortices and contributes positively to the phase change process and thermal performance while reduction of tC is up to 74% is obtained at Rew=-1000 by using magnetic field at the highest strength. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used for fluid and solid temperature reconstruction in the whole computational domain. The model captures the dynamic behavior of phase change and heat transfer under combined effects of double rotations and magnetic field with PCM-PB embedded channel with area expansion.

Paleomagnetic constraints on Paleogene-Neogene rotation and paleo-stress in the northern Qaidam Basin

Knowing the rotation and paleo-stress history in Qaidam Basin is a fundamental parameter to quantify the mechanism of intracontinental deformation in Tibetan Plateau. However, few studies have been conducted on tectonic rotation and stress evolution over long timescales in the Qaidam Basin. Here, we report new magnetic declination and the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) from a ∼52–7 Ma sequence of fluvial and lacustrine sediments in the Dahonggou (DHG) section in the northern Qaidam Basin. The magnetic declination revealed that the northern Qaidam Basin underwent a clockwise rotation 25.1° ±8.6° during ∼33–17 Ma, followed by a counterclockwise rotation 16.9°±6.8° during ∼17–13.5 Ma. The AMS results showed that the “earliest deformation” fabrics were interrupted by the “pencil structure” fabrics in the intervals of ∼52–45 and ∼21–15 Ma. The interruption, synchronous with the marked deceleration of the India-Asia convergence rate, indicates pulse of strong tectonic compressive stress. In addition, the AMS results documented a transition in stress direction from S-N to SW-NE at ∼15 Ma, suggesting a kinematic shift in the northeastern TP. Our constraints on the rotation and stress from the northern Qaidam Basin support the two-stage evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF). The fast-rate slip motion on the ATF during the early Oligocene caused the clockwise rotation in the northern Qaidam Basin; the second stage with enhanced thrusting since the middle Miocene caused extensive crustal shortening and dispersive NW-trending folds and faults in the Qaidam Basin and the northeastern TP.

Hydrodynamic characteristics of a new thrust vectoring ducted propeller with slotted nozzle

A thrust vectoring ducted propeller with slotted nozzle is a new approach for vector propulsion that can produce lateral forces and torques, leading to the ability of manipulating the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for various movements. In this work, the geometric model of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller is designed based on slotted nozzle. The nozzle of the ducted propeller is slotted and then divided into several pieces. Divided auxiliary nozzles are deflected to redirect the outflow, achieving thrust vectoring. The key feature parameters of the slotted nozzle are extracted. The performance of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller is evaluated using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method. Different parameters of the slotted nozzle are set to evaluate the influence on the thrust vectoring capability of the ducted propeller. Through comparison, a thrust vectoring ducted propeller model is determined. Hydrodynamic characteristics including thrust vectoring performance, scale effect and vertical-horizontal interactions of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller are analyzed. It is shown that the ducted propeller with slotted nozzle at full capacity has a higher vector ratio and lower thrust loss than ideal tilted thruster with a maximum tilt angle of 40°. For high Reynolds (Re) number working conditions, all forces and torques including vector thrust can be nondimensionalized into hydrodynamic coefficients related to advance ratio J. At lower Re number working conditions, thrust vectoring capability improves in a certain extent. Interactions between perpendicular directions are caused by the counterclockwise rotation of the propeller. The pattern is quite clear and can be quantified. The performance of the thrust vectoring ducted propeller is verified through towing tank experiment. All the results show that the ducted propeller with slotted nozzle can be considered controllable with good thrust vectoring capability.

Comparison of two different therapeutic approaches for skeletal Class II patients with temporomandibular degenerative joint disease.

To compare two different therapeutic approaches for skeletal Class II patients with temporomandibular degenerative joint disease. A total of 47 patients were included in this study. Group anterior repositioning splint (ARS) was treated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc surgery followed by an ARS and camouflage orthodontic treatment. Group stabilization splint (SS) was treated with an SS followed by orthodontic treatment combined with orthognathic surgery. Cephalometric analysis of lateral radiographs and measurements of condylar height were evaluated before and after splints. In group ARS, mandibular advancement was observed after treatment in 21 of 24 patients (87.5%). The SNB angle increased by an average of 1.40 ± 1.01°. The ANB angle, overjet, Wits, and convexity decreased. Facial angle and soft tissue N Vert to pogonion increased. Vertically, MP-FH, MP-SN, y-axis, and vertical ratio decreased and ANS-Me/N-Me and S-Go/N-Me increased, suggesting a counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. In group SS, 18 of 23 patients (78.3%) showed a backward change tendency. The SNB angle reduced by 0.90 ± 0.93°. The ANB angle, overjet, Wits, convexity, and y-axis increased. The facial angle and soft tissue N Vert to soft tissue pogonion (ST N Vert to ST pogonion) decreased. Magnetic resonance imaging showed condylar height increased by 1.45 ± 3.05 mm (P = .002) in group ARS. In group SS, condylar height change was not consistent. TMJ disc surgery followed by ARS promoted condylar bone remodeling and regeneration. The SNB angle increased, and the severity of skeletal Class II was improved. The SS enabled the mandible to withdraw backward and revealed a retrognathic but true mandible position.

Rotation and Uplift of the Taoxi Dome and Its Implication for the Evolution of Wuyi Terranes in Cathaysia Block

The Taoxi dome stands out as a rotated-circular structure on maps of the Wuyi terrane, south China. The origin and tectonic activity analysis of the Taoxi dome is a window to understand the tectonic framework and aggregation process of the Wuyi terranes in the Cathaysia block. Our field observations demonstrated that two major phases of deformation, counterclockwise rotation and dome uplift, were recorded in the Taoxi dome. Geochronological data indicated that the counterclockwise rotation was initiated at about 422 Ma as a result of a sinistral slide collision between the North Wuyi terrane and the South Wuyi terrane along the Nanping–Ninghua tectonic belt during the Caledonian. Zircon dating ages of the intrusions developed in the Taoxi dome suggested that the Taoxi dome had undergone at least two strong upheavals and the uplift of the Taoxi dome was active during the periods 229–222 Ma and 158–100 Ma. Geochemical data indicated that the intrusions developed in the Taoxi dome had characteristics of high silica (SiO2 &gt; 70 wt.%) and belonged to the A2-type granites, which suggest that the Taoxi dome was long governed by a tectonic setting of post-collisional or anorogenic magmatism since the Caledonian. The strong movement of the Caledonian rotation and coeval strike-slip movement in the Wuyi terranes suggests that a slide rotation may have been a major characteristic in response to the rifting process of micro-terranes during the late Paleozoic in the Cathaysia block.

Chiral superstructures of inorganic nanorods by macroscopic mechanical grinding

The development of mechanochemistry substantially expands the traditional synthetic realm at the molecular level. Here, we extend the concept of mechanochemistry from atomic/molecular solids to the nanoparticle solids, and show how the macroscopic grinding is being capable of generating chirality in self-assembled nanorod (NR) assemblies. Specifically, the weak van der Waals interaction is dominated in self-assembled NR assemblies when their surface is coated with aliphatic chains, which can be overwhelmed by a press-and-rotate mechanic force macroscopically. The chiral sign of the NR assemblies can be well-controlled by the rotating directions, where the clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation leads to the positive and negative Cotton effect in circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence spectra, respectively. Importantly, we show that the present approach can be applied to NRs of diverse inorganic materials, including CdSe, CdSe/CdS, and TiO2. Equally important, the as-prepared chiral NR assemblies could be served as porous yet robust chiral substrates, which enable to host other molecular materials and induce the chirality transfer from substrate to the molecular system.

Effects of maxillary expansion and protraction on pharyngeal airway dimensions in relation to changes in head posture and hyoid position : Aretrospective cohort study.

To assess changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions, head posture and hyoid position after maxillary expansion and face mask (FM) treatment compared to untreated classIII patients. This study examined 24classIII patients (10girls, 14boys, mean age: 10.97 ± 0.88years) treated with expansion and apetit-type FM appliance and 24untreated classIII patients (16girls, 8boys, mean age: 10.50 ± 1.06years). Pre- and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs were digitally analysed. Parametric data were analysed with paired and independent-samples t‑tests, nonparametric data were analysed with Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-WhitneyU tests. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between dental/skeletal treatment changes and those of craniocervical postural position, pharyngeal airway dimension and hyoid position. With respect to the hypopharyngeal airway dimension, the hypopharyngeal sagittal length (CV3'-LPW), velar angle (HRL/U-PNS) and velar length (U-PNS) significantly increased in the treatment group. All the parameters describing head posture and those describing the distances of the hyoid bone to the HRL changed significantly after treatment, but these changes were not significantly different from the control group. In the treatment group, there also occurred asignificant increase in the sagittal growth of the maxilla (SNA, Co‑A, Na-PerpA, Wits), vertical growth of the maxillomandibular complex (SN-GoGN, N‑ANS, N‑Me), counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla (SN-PP) and overjet, while aclockwise rotation (y-axis) and anonsignificant inhibition of the sagittal growth (Co-Gn) of the mandible were observed. The treatment induced increases of hypopharyngeal sagittal length (CV3'-LPW), soft palate thickness and anteroposterior movement of hyoid bone (H-CV3) demonstrated apositive correlation with changes of craniocervical angles (NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT) and anegative correlation with craniohorizontal angles (OPT/HOR, CVT/HOR). The change of the anteroposterior movement of hyoid bone (H-CV3) was also positively correlated with oropharyngeal sagittal length (CV2'-MPW), the hypopharyngeal sagittal length (CV3'-LPW) and the minimal dimension of the pharyngeal airway space (PASmin). While expansion and FM treatment did not affect the head posture and hyoid bone position, positive effects were observed in the hypopharyngeal airway region.

TMJ disc repositioning associated with orthognathic surgery for the treatment of severe retrognathism

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery associated with temporomandibular disc reposition is a modality of surgical treatment for dentofacial deformities associated with temporomandibular disorders that has been shown to be a stable and predictable alternative for such situations. However, there is still no consensus in the literature regarding the treatment modality in these cases. Several studies have been developed looking for more stable and predictable results in favor of the best patient treatment. Case Report: Patient with a class II facial pattern and temporomandibular dysfunction, submitted to bilateral repositioning of the articular disc and orthognathic surgery with counterclockwise rotation of the maxillomandibular complex, with improvement of the symptoms and of the functionality of the stomatognathic system, and satisfaction with facial aesthetics. Conclusion: Although there are controversies about the surgical repositioning of chronic articular disc displacements in retrognathism, this treatment modality has demonstrated long-term stability and reduction or resolution of joint symptoms.

Research on Tennis Motion Evaluation Method and System Based on Deep Learning

The current tennis training lacks the guidance to standardize the user action evaluation method; it is difficult to use the human movement analysis related technology to evaluate the user action and feedback. In this paper, a real-time evaluation algorithm for human movements in tennis training with the monocular camera is studied. Aiming at solving the problem of making use of temporal and spatial information of behavior sequence, an improved preprocessing algorithm based on depth image and bone data was proposed, and bone joint feature vectors were constructed to describe the topological shape of the human skeleton. A five-channel convolutional neural network (5C-CNN) model is proposed to effectively train multimodal behavior data. In order to solve the problem of human motion direction, the counterclockwise rotation angle of limbs was proposed as a motion evaluation feature. The experimental test on the MSR Action 3D database shows that the accuracy of the method for tennis movement evaluation reaches 98.1%, which verifies the validity of the model construction.

Effects of Occlusal Plane Inclination on the Temporomandibular Joint Stress Distribution: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis.

Background Sudden changes in masticatory loads and occlusal conditions contribute to temporomandibular disorders. Clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) rotation of the occlusal plane is one of the factors that alter the direction of the occlusal forces transmitted to the temporomandibular joint structures. Finite element analysis was used to identify possible regions of high stress in the temporomandibular joint. Materials and Methods A computer-aided design model of a symmetrical edentulous maxillomandibular bony complex with a temporomandibular joint was manually generated using Rhinoceros 4.0 freeform modeling software. Three-dimensional discrete mesh generation was performed using VRMesh Studio. The reference occlusal plane angle was accepted as 8° in the sagittal plane, and by modifying 4° in the CW and CCW directions, CW and CCW models were obtained, respectively. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in stress distribution in the condylar cartilage and temporomandibular disc using the von Mises and maximum-minimum principal stress evaluations of three different occlusal plane inclinations. The null hypothesis of this three-dimensional finite element analysis was that “occlusal plane inclination does not change the stress distribution on the temporomandibular joint structures.” Results The compressive stress on the condyle increased with CW rotation of the occlusal plane. The von Mises equivalent stress of the temporomandibular disc shifted to the medial, posterior, and superior directions after CW and CCW rotations of the occlusal plane. The CW rotation of the occlusal plane increased the von Mises equivalent.

Magnon spectrum of Bloch hopfion beyond ferromagnetic resonance

With the development of new nanofabrication technologies and measurement techniques, the interest of researchers is moving toward 3D structures and 3D magnetization textures. Special attention is paid to the topological magnetization textures, particularly hopfions. In this paper, we investigate the magnetization dynamics of the hopfion through the numerical solution of the eigenvalue problem. We show that the spectrum of spin-wave modes of the hopfion is much richer than those attainable in ferromagnetic resonance experiments or time-domain simulations reported so far. We identified four groups of modes that differ in the character of oscillations (clockwise or counter-clockwise rotation sense), the position of an average amplitude localization along the radial direction, and different oscillations in the vertical cross section. The knowledge of the full spin-wave spectrum shall help in hopfion identification, understanding of the interaction between spin waves and hopfion dynamics as well as the development of the potential of hopfion in spintronic and magnonic applications.

Steady-state running rate sets the speed and accuracy of accumulation of swimming bacteria

We study the chemotaxis of a population of genetically identical swimming bacteria undergoing run and tumble dynamics driven by stochastic switching between clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the flagellar rotary system, where the steady-state rate of the switching changes in different environments. Understanding chemotaxis quantitatively requires that one links the measured steady-state switching rates of the rotary system, as well as the directional changes of individual swimming bacteria in a gradient of chemoattractant/repellant, to the efficiency of a population of bacteria in moving up/down the gradient. Here we achieve this by using a probabilistic model, parametrized with our experimental data, and show that the response of a population to the gradient is complex. We find the changes to the steady-state switching rate in the absence of gradients affect the average speed of the swimming bacterial population response as well as the width of the distribution. Both must be taken into account when optimizing the overall response of the population in complex environments.