RBCs Count Research Articles

Amelioration of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Anacardium occidentale via Inhibition of Collagenase and Lysosomal Enzymes.

Anacardium occidentale (cashew) has been used in the traditional system of medicine for curing many inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates the antiarthritic effects of cashew leaves extract using the rat model of FCA-induced rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritic rats were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. ethanolic extract of cashew leaves. Animals were sacrificed at day 23, and before sacrificing the animals, gross pathological changes were observed. Histopathology of ankle joint was evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining, whereas the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated by the agglutination method. Inflammatory cells and other hematological parameters were assessed by employing an automated hemocytometer and chemistry analyzer. Rheumatoid factor (Rf) and lysosomal enzymes levels were determined in blood. Results indicated that A. occidentale significantly decreased the CPR levels, macroscopic arthritic score, and rheumatoid factor as compared to the diseased group. Histopathological evaluation showed significant attenuation in bone erosion, joint inflammation, and pannus formation by plant extract. Treatment with A. occidentale significantly suppressed the levels of acid phosphatase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase, and collagenase. Moreover, A. occidentale significantly raised the HB levels and RBCs counts which were found depleted in the diseased group. The raised counts of total leukocytes, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were also significantly decreased by treatment with plant extract. Comparative analysis showed that higher dose of A. occidentale demonstrated superior amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis as compared to low dose. In conclusion, A. occidentale possesses significant antiarthritic potential, which may be attributed to the suppression of lysosomal enzymes and collagenase levels.

EFFECT OF DIETARY MANGO SEED KERNEL (MANGIFERA INDICA) AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CORN ON PRODUCTIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE OF GROWING GIMMIZAH COCKERELS

An investigation was undertaken to study the effects of feeding mango seed kernel (MSK) as partially substituting of yellow corn on productive performance and physiological parameters of Gimmizah cockerels. A total number of 100 Gimmizah cockerels aged 28 days were distributed into four groups. Each group was represented by five replicates (5 cockerels per rep.) from 4 -16 wk of age. The first group (control) fed the basal diet. The second, third and fourth groups were fed the basal diet with the substitution of yellow corn with MSK with 10, 15 and 20%, respectively. Body weight and body weight gain were increased when used 10% level of MSK. Feed consumption was significantly decreased and feed conversion was significantly improved overall period for 10% MSK. Carcass characteristics had not affected. While, blood constituents (Hb, PCV%, RBCS, and WBCS counts) were significantly improved. Lymphocyte (L) count for birds fed 10 and 15% MSK was significantly increased and heterophils (H) count and H/L ratio was significantly decreased. The immunological status was significantly improved due to an increase in globulin, IgG and IgM for cockerels fed diets containing the MSK levels (10%,15%). Plasma cholesterol, CK and MDA was significantly decreased by increasing MSK levels. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was significantly reduced when a cockerel fed diet containing 10 and 15% MSK. Bacterial count in the intestine and in fresh breast and thigh meat were decreasing by increasing MSK levels. All MSK levels used were shown better economic efficiency than the control group. The relative economic efficiency of 10% MSK replacement of corn increased with 48% than the control group. It could be concluded that MSK can be used up to 10% without any adverse effect on performance and improve blood parameters and the economic efficiency of Gimmizah cockerels during the growing period.

Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract protects against norfloxacin-induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in rats

ObjectivesWhile the protective effects of Alhagi maurorum have been shown against various ailments, its role against norfloxacin-induced adverse effects has not been studied. The current study was conducted to determine the effect of A. maurorum aqueous extract against norfloxacin-induced side effects in rats. MethodsTwenty-four male albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups, which received normal saline, norfloxacin (50 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), A. maurorum aqueous extract (300 mg/kg b.wt orally once a day), and norfloxacin with A. maurorum aqueous extract by the same previous mentioned dosages. Blood samples were collected for hematological examination to evaluate liver and kidney function tests. Hepatic and renal tissue samples were obtained to assess antioxidant activity and histopathological examination. ResultsA. maurorum aqueous extract significantly ameliorated norfloxacin-induced elevation in tissue malondialdehyde, and reduction in tissue antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities as well as reduced glutathione concentration. Concurrent administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase, aminotransferases, urea, creatinine, and uric acid and increased RBCs count, Hb concentration, PCV, leucocyte, and monocyte counts compared with the norfloxacin-treated group. Co-administration of A. maurorum aqueous extract with norfloxacin prevented the degenerative changes induced by norfloxacin alone in liver and kidney tissues. The phytochemical profile of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, and flavonoids. ConclusionThese findings indicated that A. maurorum possesses potent antioxidant activities and could be used to attenuate norfloxacin-induced side effects.

Use of vaccines in controlling bacteria fish diseases caused by Vibrio anuiliticus

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of vaccination strategies to control vibriosis in farmed marine fish in Damietta governorate-Egypt. Two types of vaccines were papered including formalin-killed bacteria as well as heat killed whole cell bacterins as administrated by intraperitoneal injection sea bream fish. Fish immunized with formalin killed vaccine gave rise disease resistance better than heat killed vaccine in challenge test as denoted by relative level of protection (RLP). Determination of single immune diffusion, micro agglutination techniques and total protein content showed that formalin vaccine produce a good disease protection than the heat killed vaccine. Complete blood count examination for detecting lymphocytic count, hemoglobin %, RBCs count and WBCs count showd that formalin vaccine was the best. The booster dose after three months declared elevation of immune status of the fish. Highly significant effect was observed in hemoglobin levels, circulating lymphocyte count and total protein content in fish immunized with formalin vaccine than heat killed vaccine

Betaine counteracts the harmful effects of saline water induced to growing lambs.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of betaine on the growth performance, blood parameters, and histopathology of growing lambs offered fresh or saline water. A total of 20 healthy Ossimi male lambs, aged 9 months, were randomly assigned to four treatments (n=5). Lambs received NaCI (0% or 1.5%) with drinking water and betaine (0 or 2500 mg/kg diet) with ration. The experiment lasted 135 days. Saline water significantly decreased (p<0.01) lamb body weight, blood urea, sodium and alanine amino transferase. Betaine significantly increased (p<0.05) lamb body weight, Hb concentration, RBCs count and hematocrit value. However, betaine decreased (p<0.05) blood neutrophils, band cells and eosinophils, urea, and both alanine and aspartate amino transferases. Saline water induced swelling and disarrangement of hepatocytes, focal medullary tubular necrosis and calcium calculi in renal tissue, and fasciculation and focal lysis of cardiac muscle fibers. In contrast, betaine ameliorated these harmful effects of saline water. In conclusion, dietary betaine could enhance the growth performance and ameliorate the harmful effects of drinking saline water for sheep.

Physiological changes in the Cattle Egret, Bubulcus ibis, as a bioindicator of air pollution in New Damietta City, Egypt

Different heavy metals accumulate in the environment due to intensive human activities, which adversely affect wildlife. Biota usually develops different biological responses to face such stress; analysis of these biological responses could be used as a biomarker of pollutants. The current study aimed to compare hematologic and biochemical parameters in cattle egret collected from industrial and rural sites in New Damietta City, Egypt, to assess the effect of heavy metal pollution. Selected heavy metals concentrations including copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) were measured for the two sampling sites in aerosols from ambient air, feathers, and blood samples. Some hematological, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers were measured in the blood using a non-invasive method. Sampling was done in summer and winter during 2015-2016. Heavy metal concentrations in aerosols from the industrial area were significantly higher than those from the rural site. The highest concentrations of all heavy metals in both sites were recorded in summer. Cattle egret from the industrial area showed a significantly decreased RBCs count and PCV level and increased WBCs count, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, uric acid, ammonia, creatinine, bilirubin, and cortisol levels. Moreover, birds from the industrial area suffered from environmental stress as indicated by elevations of MDA, GPx and catalase activity in industrial birds as compared to rural birds. In conclusion, birds from the industrial areas were adversely affected by the elevated concentrations of selected heavy metals, so it could be used as an effective bioindicator of environmental contamination.

Comparative study of two carnivorous fish (Parupeneus forsskali and Thalassoma klunzingeri) from the Red Sea: Hemato-biochemical parameters and cellular characterization

Although, the Red sea is highly rich with fish fauna but still the information known is so limited for the researchers especially about the fish physiology baselines. So, in the present study we investigated the heamto-biochemical parameters and cell characterization of two fish having the same feeding habitats. Fish specimens of Red Sea goatfish (Parupeneus forsskali) and Klunzinger's wrasse (Thalassoma klunzingeri) were captured from Hurghada, Egypt. Haematological and biochemical analysis as well as blood cells characterization were performed. The morphological and cytochemical aspects of peripheral blood cells of the two species were studied by light microscopy. Thalassoma klunzingeri showed lower Hct and Hb values and RBCs count. Fusiform to spindle shape thrombocytes were found only in the blood of Parupeneus forsskali while spiked thrombocytes were found only in the blood of Thalassoma klunzingeri. This investigation may be helpful as a tool to monitor the health status of the two species and will be used as biomarkers for clinical pathology.

Effects of the probiotic miaclost (Bacillus subtilis and Entrococus feacium) on growth performance, hematological values and small intestinal morphology of broiler chicks

A total of 264, one-day old chicks were randomly dispensed into 4 groups to assess effects of the probiotic MiaClost (Bacillus subtilis and Entrococus feacium) on broiler performance, blood values and small intestinal morphology of broilers. Chicks in treatment groups T1, T2, T3 received 0.160 gm, 0.175 gm and 0.190 gm MiaClost per litre of drinking water respectively, whereas the control chicks received additives-free drinking water. Body weight, feed intake, weight gain, and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were recorded on a weekly basis on days 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. At end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from 12 birds in each group to determine some hematological values including RBCs count, WBCs count, haemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH and MCHC. In addition, small intestine biopsies were obtained to assess the small intestinal morphology. Significant proportional increase in level of feed intake was apparent in accordance with the increase in level of probiotics supplementation. No significant variation was apparent in the levels of FCR among chicks in different groups. Probiotics supplementation resulted in improvement in weights and weight gain of chickens. No significant variation was seen on hematological values among birds in all groups. A positive MiaClost’s effect was apparent on height & width of the intestinal villi and on depth of mucosal crypts in all treatment groups particularly treatment groups 2 and 3 in comparison with the control group. These results showed that the MiaClost supplementation in drinking water has improved the performance of broiler chicks and has enhanced the lining epithelial cells proliferation and increased the absorptive surface area of the small intestine.

Haematological and cytogenetic changes in CML patients treated with imatinib mesylate in Western Libya

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloid proliferative disorder of primitive haemopoietic progenitor cells. The incidence of CML ranges between 10 and 15 cases/106 /year without any major geographic or ethnic differences. Imatinib mesylate provides good results in the treatment of CML. Early studies demonstrated that Imatinib mesylate can produce clear hematologic and cytogenetic response when used as a treatment of CML patients with positive BCR-ABL gene. Nevertheless, some patient with different stages of CML (chronic, accelerated, or acute phases) either relapse or stay unchanged for a long time after initial doses of treatment. This phenomenon led to the fact that we must explore the possible changes expected to appear if we make some changes in the treatment strategy. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate hematologic and molecular responses of CML patients to Imatinib mesylate treatment. Methods: Eighteen CML patients in chronic phase aged (24–65 years) males and females were treated with Imatinib mesylate (400, 500 or 600 mg/day) for sixteen months. Hematologic and cytogenetic changes were analyzed periodically. Results: Overall 18 cases, hematologic response of 14 cases was complete white blood cells (WBCs) decrease to normal range within 4 months) with P value of less than 0.0001 whereas in 4 cases WBCs were decreased slowly (after 8 months). A major cytogenetic response was noticed in 4 cases while in others the response was partially or in minor range. The major hematologic and cytogenetic response was noticed when using 600mg/day of Imatinib mesylate. The correlation appeared as a significant positive correlation between the treatment doses and Hb, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, esinophils%, and monocytes %. And a significant negative correlation between the treatment doses and RDW %, platelets count, WBCs count, and basophils %. On the other hand, no correlation between the treatment doses and RBCs Count, MCHC, Neutrophil % and BCR/APL ratio % Conclusion: It can be concluded that treatment of CML patients with Imatinib mesylate caused complete WBCs decrease to normal range. The major hematologic and cytogenetic response was noticed when using a higher dose of Imatinib mesylate.

Haematological and cytogenetic changes in CML patients treated with imatinib mesylate in Western Libya

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloid proliferative disorder of primitive haemopoietic progenitor cells. The incidence of CML ranges between 10 and 15 cases/106 /year without any major geographic or ethnic differences. Imatinib mesylate provides good results in the treatment of CML. Early studies demonstrated that Imatinib mesylate can produce clear hematologic and cytogenetic response when used as a treatment of CML patients with positive BCR-ABL gene. Nevertheless, some patient with different stages of CML (chronic, accelerated, or acute phases) either relapse or stay unchanged for a long time after initial doses of treatment. This phenomenon led to the fact that we must explore the possible changes expected to appear if we make some changes in the treatment strategy. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate hematologic and molecular responses of CML patients to Imatinib mesylate treatment. Methods: Eighteen CML patients in chronic phase aged (24–65 years) males and females were treated with Imatinib mesylate (400, 500 or 600 mg/day) for sixteen months. Hematologic and cytogenetic changes were analyzed periodically. Results: Overall 18 cases, hematologic response of 14 cases was complete white blood cells (WBCs) decrease to normal range within 4 months) with P value of less than 0.0001 whereas in 4 cases WBCs were decreased slowly (after 8 months). A major cytogenetic response was noticed in 4 cases while in others the response was partially or in minor range. The major hematologic and cytogenetic response was noticed when using 600mg/day of Imatinib mesylate. The correlation appeared as a significant positive correlation between the treatment doses and Hb, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, esinophils%, and monocytes %. And a significant negative correlation between the treatment doses and RDW %, platelets count, WBCs count, and basophils %. On the other hand, no correlation between the treatment doses and RBCs Count, MCHC, Neutrophil % and BCR/APL ratio % Conclusion: It can be concluded that treatment of CML patients with Imatinib mesylate caused complete WBCs decrease to normal range. The major hematologic and cytogenetic response was noticed when using a higher dose of Imatinib mesylate.

Effect of dietary supplementation of extracted jojoba meal on hematology , biochemical parameters and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila

The activities of extracted jojoba meal were evaluated experimentally via using 240 Oreochromis niloticus that were distributed into 4 equal groups (each of sex replicates), Group l, Group 2, Group 3 and Group 4 fed on balanced diet supplemented with extracted jojoba meal by (0, 0.5, l and 2 g /kg) respectively. Hematological, Biochemical parameters, survival and disease resistance were determined . Blood samples were collected from the experimented fish , 30, 45 and 90 days from the time of the experiment to measure Red blood cell (RBCS) count, Hemoglobulin (Hb), Hematocrit (PCV) value, White blood cell (WBCS) count, Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, and A/G ratio. The protective effect of the jojoba meal was evaluated via challenge test using pathogenic A. hydrophila. Result relived that survival and disease resistance (%) were significantly increased in group supplemented with Extracted jojoba meal compared with control (Group l). The RBCS count, Hb, PCV value, WBCS count, Total protein, Globulin showed significant increase in all supplemented ( G 2,G3, G4) compared with control (G 1). On the other hand, a Significant decrease in Albumin value and A/G ratio has been observed in all supplemented groups (G2 ,G3,G4) compared with control. The challenge test showed increase level of protection in the all supplemented groups compared with control. These results revealed that supplemented with extracted jojoba meal could be a potential, provide increasing in hematology, biochemical parameters, and disease resistance of O. niloticus in aquaculture.

Assessment of new indices to discriminate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait in Sohag University

Background: Beta-thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia are among the most common types of microcytic anemia encountered by pediatricians. Distinguishing 𝛽-TT from IDA has important clinical implications because each disease has an entirely different cause, prognosis, and treatment. Misdiagnosis of 𝛽-TT has consequences for potential homozygous offspring.Objective: The major purpose of this study is to evaluate the validity of 23 new indices to discriminate between iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia trait in developing country to decrease cost and time of the screening programs.Methodology: This study included 200 patients who presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia by CBC at the pediatric hematological outpatient clinic of Sohag University Hospital and their ages ranging from 6 months to 16 years from May 2017 to May 2018.Results: The results showed that Kerman Index 1 had the highest Youden’s Index value (61.02%) in rightly differentiating between IDA and Β-TT, while it was found that Sirachainan et al, Huber-Herklotz Index (HH), and RDW as a discriminative function showed the worst Youden index (0.0%, -1.69%, and -5.65% respectively) and ineffective in differentiating between microcytic anemias in our population.Conclusion: The present study indicates that Kerman Index 1, Mentzer index (MI), Ehsani et al index, Modified Mentzer index, Kerman Index 2, and RBCs count are the highest reliable discriminator indices in differentiating of β-TT and IDA in Sohag country.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infestation in Anemic Patients Attended to Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital at Al-Qadisiyah Province/Iraq

The present study was conducted from November 2016 to October 2018 at Al-Diwaniyah teaching hospital (Al-Qadisiyah province/Iraq) to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in anemic patients using conventional classical methods. Stool and blood samples were collected from 974 patients to detected the parasite, the RBC count, PVC and the Hb level. The result shows overall of anemic patients, parasitic infestation was 64 % were positives. Among positive infested patients, exhibiting multiple parasitic infestations accounted for 45 %, while patients with single parasitic infestation accounted for 55 %. Wet amount and staining method were used to detect the intestinal parasite and the results shows protozons trophozoite and cyst of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, and the oocyst of Cryptosporidium while the result detects the egg of helminthes were Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale and Strongyloides stercoralis. Concerning to social factors (age, gender, and residence), significant elevation (P less than 0.05) were observed in groups of less than 10 years (85.87%), males (69.57%), and rural areas (80.37%). Values (Mean ± Standard error) of RBCs indices showed that there were significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in total RBCs count [(3.87± 0.23)  106/l], Hb [(10.62±0.86) g/dl], MCH [(27.44± 1.36) pg], and MCHC [(27.87± 2.75) g/dl]; and significant increases (P less than 0.05) in values of PCV [(38.11±1.49) %], and MCV [(98.48±3.65) fl]. Macrocytic (62.26%) and normocytic (51.73%) were the commonest types of anemia reported among infested and non-infested patients, respectively. Association between species of intestinal parasites and type of anemia were detected in this study. It showed that E. vermicularis (91.19%), B. coli(45.59%), and A. duodenale (91.67%) were significantly prevalent (P less than 0.05) among macrocytic, normocytic and microcytic anemic patients, respectively.

Evaluation the Ozone Treatment To Control the Infection of Saprolegniasis in Cyprinus carpio L.

The objective of present study is to set up an alternative method of controlling of saprolegniasis, in Cyprinus carpio L. using ozone. For this purpose, six different treatments were applied of 120 fish (20 fish/treatment), of which three infected with Saprolegnia spp. (2×104 zoospors/l) and were treated with ozone (O3) in concentrations of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg l−1 (1hour), one reference treatment with formalin (0.15 ml l−1, 30 min), two treatments one as positive control (infected with Saprolegnia spp. without disinfectants) and one as negative control without any disinfectants. After 14 days of treatment with ozone and formalin, blood samples were collected from fish for hematological, biochemical and Immunological tests. Survival rate was also studied. Considerable changes have been recorded in the mean values of blood indices. RBCs count and Hemoglobin content, were found significantly increased (p<0.05) in all ozone treatments compared to C- group. Total protein and globulin were significantly increased (p<0.05) in all ozone and formalin treatments in comparison to positive and negative groups (C- and C+). Albumin showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all ozone and formalin treatments relative to C+ and C-group. The results of respiratory burst activity (measured by Nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay) showed significantly different (p<0.05) in all ozone and formalin treatments respectively compared to control groups (C+ and C-); Highest respiratory activity was observed in ozone treatment at 0.50 mg/l. Among Ozone treatments 0.50 mg l−1 showed the highest survival rate (90%) followed by formalin treatment (80%). Survival rate of the control group (without disinfectant) was 20% and there was a significant difference (P<0.05) with other treatments. It was obvious that the obtained results were highly suggestive for the efficiency of ozone as an efficient antifungal disinfectant for fish.

Application of magnetic technology in local quail house and hatchery on performance, reproductive and physiological traits under heat stress

Using magnetic technology has shown major potentials in different fields especially agriculture. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the using of magnetic technology application in local quail house and hatchery on productive and physiological traits under heat stress condition. Results revealed that quail when served 0.2 T magnetically treated water (MTW) were significantly (P≤0.05) better in most productive, reproductive characteristics in the 1st experiment: eggs production, water consumption, egg weight, shell strength, estrogen conc., also improved FCR in females, all semen quality and testosterone conc. in males. Also, total RBCs count, thrombocyte, blood pH, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, blood iron (Fe), copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), thyroxin hormone and total count of Lactobacillus spp. in small intestine. However, reduction in dead sperm, abnormal acrosome, corticosterone conc., body temperature, blood clotting time, E. coli and fungi counts in both sexes. In the 2nd experiment using of magnetic technology on embryonic development traits of local quails incubating eggs that collected from experiment 1 were significantly (P≤0.05) higher in the most characteristics at the group of 0.2 T MTW as fertility, hatchability, chicks weight, immune status of hatched chicks. While reduction in dead embryo and heterophil-to- lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Finally, the results of 0.2 T MTW achieved superiorly gains compared with the other groups.

Comparative study of some haematological and biochemical characterizes of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in south region of Iraq

This study aimed to establishment database and baseline of hemato-biochemicals values of male and female camels in three governorate south Iraq (Basrah, Dhi qar, and Muthana). Forty eight adult male and female dromedary camels (6 males and 10 females for each governorate) aged over 3 years old were used. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the jugular vein during February – April 2018 and then as soon as transported to the laboratory for haematology ( RBC, Hgb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ESR, PLT,and total and differential WBC) and biochemical analysis(ALT, AST, Glucose, Creatinine, Urea, and total protein). The results of haematological and biochemical parameters appeared compatible with the previous studies on normal hemato-biochemical values and found significant effect of sex on some haematological parameters of camel especially for RBCs count, Hgb, PCV, MCV, and PLT, and also among the camels of different governorate in south of Iraq for both sexes regarding to haematological parameters especially in Basrah governorate compared with Dhi qar and Muthana. Whereas, no effect were recorded for sex of camels on total and differential leukocytes in all location studied. Rather than significant differences (p<0.05) showed among the governorates in values of total and differential leukocytes for both sexes compared with their counterparts in the other governorates. The serum biochemical study of camels’ revealed no effect for sex on most of biochemical parameters except in some situation for AST activity level and glucose concentration. In contrast, the results revealed significant variation for both sexes compared with their counterparts in other studied governorates especially in AST, ALT, and glucose values. Therefore, the present study concluded that the results compatible with the previous studies and the sex had effect on some blood indices and the hemato-biochemical parameters different in their value depend on location in south region of Iraq.

A Study Comparative of Some Haematological Parameters after Treatment by Extracted Octacosanol and Atorvastatin in Female Rats

Hematological and serum parameters are a prerequisite to understand the normal functioning of the system and to confirm the nontoxic nature of the administered crude drug. Hematological parameters such as mean platelet volume (MPV) and RBCs count are associated with the increased risk for cardio vascular diseases CVD. Octacosanol is the major effective component of policosanol forming about (62.9%), it has antioxidative, lipid lowering, antithrombotic (antiplatelet) effects and provides protection against free radical associated diseases. Statins are the inhibitors of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase. They are mostly used to treat hyperlipidaemia. Statins such as atorvastatin and some of medical plants have shown their beneficial effect on the cardiovascular disease (CVD) by virtue of their lipid lowering, antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. The present study was designed to compare some of hematological parameters after treatment of extracted octacosanol and atorvastatin in female Norwegian rats. Thirty two females rat with (10-12) weeks old-and weighting (200-250 gm) were used in the current study. Policosanol was extracted from sugarcane that obtained from Mesan province. Octacosanol is determined in this extraction by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Animals were divided into 4 equal groups: G.1 (n=8) (Control) : only 0.5 ml/ animal of Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO). G.2 (n=8) animals treated with (0.02 mg/ animal) of standard octacosanol . G.3 (n=8) animals treated with (0.02mg/ animal) of octacocosanol extraction, G. 4 (n=8) treated with only (0.02mg/ animal) of atorvastatine. The treatment continued for 30 days. All animals were then sacrificed and blood samples were collected in EDTA tubes for measuring of hematological parameters. Results: all hematological parameters (RBCs, Hb, MCV, MCH and MCHC) in group treated with extracted octacosanol were nearby the control group except platelet count and MPV level were lower than those of control group, while platelet count and MPV were higher in extracted group than those in the Atorvastatin group (all P≤0.05). In conclusion: The antiplatelet activity of the extracted octacosanol is more than atorvastatin and without side effects. So the extracted octacosanol successfully used in prevention of platelet aggregation and thrombosis in patients with CVD.

Efficacy and Safety of Lumboperitoneal Shunt in the Treatment of All-Cause Communicating Hydrocephalus: Analysis of Risk Factors of Shunt Failure

To analyze the outcomes of use of a lumboperitoneal shunt (LPS) to treat all-cause communicating hydrocephalus (ACCH). We analyzed the outcomes of adult patients with ACCH treated with an LPS between June 2015 and June 2018, using Keifer's hydrocephalus score (KHS), postoperative symptom improvement score (SIS), and the Evans index for 5 days after surgery. All patients were followed up to assess long-term outcomes and quality of life. Based on the follow-up data in shunt successful (SS) patients and shunt failure (SF) patients, multivariate analysis with binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for LPS failure. A total of 71 eligible patients were included in this study. The KHS (mean, 8.31 ± 4.80 vs. 3.65 ± 3.08; P<0.001) and Evans index (mean, 0.35 ± 0.05 vs. 0.28 ±0.05; P < 0.001) were significantly improved following LPS. However, the overall incidence of complications was 40.8%. According to follow-up data, 18 patients (25.4%) failed; the most common reason for failure was catheter obstruction. The majority of patients obtain good prognosis with low level of RBCs counts in CSF (P= 0.039) and postoperative Evans index (P=0.046) were statistically different between SS and SF group. The multivariate analysis identified elevated RBC count in CSF as a dependent risk factor for LPS failure (odds ratio, 24.111; 95% confidence interval, 2.611-222.629; P= 0.005). Our findings indicate that LPS may be a promising option for the treatment of ACCH.

Effect of surgical excision of the uropygial gland at two different ages on some physiological traits of Ross broiler chicks

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of surgical excision of the uropygial gland at 14 and 28 d of age on some physiological characteristics of Ross broiler chicks. a total number of 270 day-old birds were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, 90 birds/treatment, T1: control without surgical excision of the uropygial gland. Treatment T2: surgical excision of the uropygial gland at the age of 14 days. Treatment T3: surgical excision of the uropygial gland was done at the age of 28 d. At the age of 6 weeks (42 d) samples of blood were withdrawn from 12 birds/treatment to measure blood traits and some serum biochemical tests.The results of T3 showed significant increase (P£0.05) in RBCs count, Hb, PCV%, H/L ratio. Also, T3 showed a significant increase (P£0.05) in serum corticosterone, blood glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, AST and ALT. Furthermore, results of T2 displayed that no significant differences (P£0.05) in corticosterone and blood glucose levels, but showed a significant increase (P£0.05) in total protein level and increased efficacy of ALP enzyme. Likewise, obtained results from T2 offered that a significant decrease (P£0.05) in the level of uric acid and total cholesterol, in the same direction, the liver enzyme activities (AST, ALT) were significantly (P£0.05) decreased. In conclusion, the removal of uropygial gland at the age of 14 d can improve the qualities of blood and help to increase the rate of metabolism and protein synthesis, which may help to increase the rate of growth contrary to the results of removal at the age of 28 d.

Characterization of probiotic Bacillus subtilis isolated from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) digestive tract and evaluation its positive impact on health and immunity.

In the present study, a probiotic, Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the digestive tract of freshwater Nile tilapia collected from production pounds of the Central Laboratory of Aquaculture Research, Egypt. The isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis was biochemically identified using API 20E and 16S rRNA. The Biosafety. assay confirmed that the isolate was not pathogenic to Nile tilapia fish. Isolated strain was able to survive at increasing concentrations of bile. Isolated strain was sensitive to most used antibiotics. The Isolated strain showed antagonistic activity against bacterial fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila and pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolated strain did not show any hemolytic activity against human blood in the blood agar medium. To evaluate the positive impact of the supplementation of an isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis on hematological, biochemical and immunological parameter of Nile tilapia. A total of 120 fish (20 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and treatment with 3 replicates). The control groups were fed the basal diet. Treatment groups were supplemented with B. subtilis 1X109 cfu/g. Results showed that Nile tilapia fed with diets containing B. subtilis for 7 weeks had a significant increase in Hb%, RBCs count, HCT values and WBCs count. Also, there is a significant improvement in liver function test (ALT, AST, Total protein and Albumin). Also, there is a significant increase in immunological parameter (NBT, Lysozyme). Moreover, fish fed with B.subtilis supplemented diets showed improved survival rates after A. hydrophila infection. Keywords:- Bacillus subtilis , Nile tilapia , API 20E, Positive impact.