Counseling Situations Research Articles

Delphi Survey Study on Appropriate Interventions for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Counseling Situations: Focused on the School Counseling Field

Delphi Survey Study on Appropriate Interventions for Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Counseling Situations: Focused on the School Counseling Field

“If I were the mother…”: fostering perspective taking in German teacher education

Higher perspective taking skills are associated with better social functioning and improved social relationships. Generally, teachers are willing to take the perspective of their students, but it is unclear whether the same is true for the perspective of parents. As communication and conflicts with parents are pervasive, the motivation and willingness to adopt the perspective of parents in counseling situations should be promoted during university teacher training. Therefore, we investigated the promotion of perspective taking among teachers in training and focused mainly on perspective taking toward parents. We developed a case-based learning task in which teachers in training from Freie Universität Berlin (N = 515) prepared for a fictitious upcoming consultation with a mother about her son. Because it is unclear if direct instruction for perspective taking is necessary in order to promote it, we also used indirect instruction to investigate whether preparing for the consultation under these instructions fostered the willingness to adopt the perspective of students and parents. In the direct instruction participants were directly told to take the perspective of the fictitious mother when evaluating and developing formulations for the consultation. The indirect instruction did not mention the concept of perspective taking but asked participants to focus on the comprehensibility of the formulations. We obtained three measures: the willingness to take a perspective, the attitude toward another person, and the emotional and empathic language used in written texts. With our main result we demonstrated that the willingness to adopt the perspective of both students and parents could be significantly promoted by both instructions. We further demonstrated that a higher willingness to take another’s perspective is associated with a more positive attitude toward the mother, as well as increased positive emotions and empathic concern. Additionally, we replicated results of a previous study showing a generally higher willingness to take the student perspective prior to the intervention. Results are discussed regarding the benefits of promoting perspective taking, especially toward parents, in teacher education.

Kriz Danışmanlığı Dersinin Psikolojik Danışma Öz-yeterliği ve Krize Müdahaleye Hazırlık Düzeyine Etkisi

The aim of this causal comparative study was to compare the levels of counselling self-efficacy and perceived readiness for crisis intervention between counselling students who took a course in crisis counselling during their undergraduate education and those who did not. The data were collected from 142 senior students in counselling departments of two state universities in Türkiye, through purposive sampling. The Counselling Self-efficacy Scale and Readiness for Crisis Intervention Scale were used to collect the data. According to the results, a significant difference in self-efficacy in handling challenging counselling situations was found between the students who took a course in crisis counselling and those who did not. Furthermore, a significant difference was found in the perceived readiness levels for providing services at school for those who took a course in crisis counselling. These findings are discussed in relation with the current counselling education literature.

Parent–Teacher Meetings in the Context of Inclusion: Preschool Teachers and Parents of Children with Disabilities in Counseling Situations

AbstractParent–teacher meetings are an important element of preschool education. Parents of children with disabilities especially show a high need for counseling, particularly at their child's transition to school. How preschool teachers address this need in their meetings with parents is heavily influenced by how they perceive their relationship with parents. This study, therefore, investigates how preschool teachers (n = 22) perceive their relationship with parents of children with disabilities in transition-related meetings. The data were collected in guideline-based interviews and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results show that most teachers think their own perspective on the child is more accurate than the parents’ perspective. Parents are predominantly seen as needing support. Furthermore, the teachers’ statements indicate that the children are rarely directly involved in the meetings. The teachers justify this with the children’s disabilities, for example. Overall, the findings suggest that an ‘educational partnership’ is not realized in meetings with parents of children with disabilities. The findings also imply that the concept of ‘educational partnerships’ is a questionable construct when adequately describing the relationship between parents and preschool teachers. In conclusion, the concept of educational alliances is presented as an alternative.

Providing Chaplain Support to Morally Injured Servicewomen

The following article may serve as a learning tool for chaplains who are available to provide care to servicewomen suffering from moral injury. Moral injury occurs when someone experiences, takes part in, or witnesses a traumatic event that violates their deeply held beliefs about truth, justice, or morality. Using a gendered approach rooted in feminist principles and research, the text provides a list of traits and attitudes that effective chaplains possess, five principles of support, and recommendations for how chaplains can enact those concepts in specific counseling situations. The five principles of support are: establish trust, enable storytelling, be empathetic and calm, listen for special themes, and offer alternative perspectives. Together, the principles help create an environment in which a military woman can receive vitalizing pastoral care. The article describes in detail the five special themes of disempowerment, sink holes, guilt and shame, loss of identity, and low self-worth and explains how chaplains can offer alternative perspectives so that a woman client might experience post-traumatic growth and recovery.

Counseling Chatbot Design: The Effect of Anthropomorphic Chatbot Characteristics on User Self-Disclosure and Companionship

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in chatbots that play counseling roles in the psychological health field. Previous studies have proposed counseling chatbots; however, they have not examined the anthropomorphic characteristics of agents in detail. In counseling situations, the characteristics of counselors and counselees affect the counseling performance. This study proposes a counseling chatbot to perform an intake interview and classifies the anthropomorphic characteristics of the chatbot into three dimensions—gender, personality, and visual interface cue—to examine these characteristics’ effects on user self-disclosure and companionship. Moreover, we examine the differences caused by user characteristics. No independent effect was observed for the gender of the chatbot or personality dimensions; however, a visual interface cue adversely affected the self-disclosure and companionship of the participants, and interaction effects were observed according to the combination of anthropomorphic characteristics. Furthermore, we found that the preferred chatbot differed according to gender. These results are significant and show that visual interface cues should be applied carefully while designing counseling chatbots. The anthropomorphism of the chatbot needs to be adjusted according to the user characteristics.

Practice-relevant dietary recommendations in uro-oncology

Ahealthy lifestyle is recommended for prevention, during therapy and in the survivorship of various medical conditions. This article aims to give an overview of the current dietary recommendations and currently discussed topics which are useful for patient counseling. The literature with afocus on uro-oncology, on prevention, during cancer therapy and survivorship was reviewed for healthy lifestyle recommendations. In addition, issues perceived in practice were researched, discussed with examples, and critically evaluated. The current recommendations of the professional associations are intended to encourage all healthy or already ill patients to adopt ahealthy lifestyle that includes abalanced diet, physical activity and healthy body weight. Consistent with current evidence, neither general supplementation of dietary supplements nor avoidance of entire food groups (such as meat or dairy products) is recommended. In the counseling situation, patients should be encouraged in ahealthy lifestyle or supported in an appropriate change of behavior. Any perceived uncertainty or questions from patient's perspective should be clarified and, if necessary, referred to adietician, oecotrophologist or nutritionist.

Firefighters’ Perceptions of Psychological Intervention Programs in South Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: Firefighters belong to an occupational group that is consistently exposed to psychological challenges, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines firefighters’ perceptions of psychological intervention programs.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 firefighters who were divided into two focus groups. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis.Results: Six barriers and seven suggestions regarding psychological intervention programs were identified. The barriers were “work overload”, “uncomfortable counseling situation”, “perfunctory programs”, “lack of consulting specialists”, “limited number of participants”, and “lack of replacement workers while attending the intervention programs”. Suggestions to overcome these barriers included developing “sustainable” and “highly accessible” intervention programs “focused on positive aspects of traumatic events”, considering “job characteristics” and “individual psychosocial characteristics”, as well as employing “experts with knowledge of firefighters’ duties”, and “creating a supportive work environment for psychological intervention”.Conclusion: Based on these findings, the interventions should focus on the positive aspects of traumatic events, with flexibility and practicality, tailored to the individual and occupational characteristics of firefighters.

Humor in Counseling

Integrating humor into counseling situations can be beneficial to the counseling process. This article presents and discusses some of these benefits and their applications as well as precautions to take into consideration when using humor in clinical settings. The therapeutic uses of humor are examined from the perspective of invitational theory. The author suggests that humor is a clinical tool that is inherently inviting, and thus has high potential for utility in invitational counseling.

유학생의 한국어 듣기 평가를 위한 한국어능력시험의 내용 타당도 분석 연구

The purpose of this study is to investigate the content validity of TOPIK, which is employed as an evaluation tool for international students in order to develop Korean listening evaluation for academic purposes. The validity of TOPIK was examined by comparing it with TOEFL iBT, which is stably used to measure the language ability of learners with academic purposes. 350 questions and 206 questions were collected from 7 papers of each test. The collected data were coded in terms of input and output, and analyzed with the use of IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. The results indicate that all the passages in TOEFL consisted of lectures, counseling, and administrative discourses, whereas in TOPIK, 78% of the scenes were less relevant to the target language use domain of international students, and the counseling situation was not considered at all. In the case of output patterns, unlike TOEFL, which showed relatively even distribution, TOPIK was focused on specific question types, and in lecture listening, logical reasoning questions were not presented, and pragmatic reasoning questions were not given in administrative discourse. The difference between the two tests was statistically significant, and the validity of the TOPIK test was not high compared to TOEFL, nor was it in itself. In consideration of practicality, educational application which can increase the validity while maintaining the frame of the current test, was suggested. (Ewha Womans University)

Genetic simulation for high-stakes conversations.

High-stakes conversations are frequent in Medical Genetics. News shared is often perceived as "bad" and can lead to patient hostility. Breaking bad news (BBN) is therefore a challenging clinical task for physicians and is often included as a foundational skill in medical education. The methods of teaching this skill are variable, with no widely accepted standard. We propose the use of simulation as a safe and effective training tool. Medical Genetics residents participated in a 4-week curriculum on BBN and de-escalating patient hostility and anger. The curriculum consisted of (1) a standardised patient simulation scenario requiring the disclosure of abnormal prenatal test result to a hostile patient, (2) coaching and feedback by genetic counsellors (GCs), (3) reflective exercises, and (4) workshops on de-escalation techniques. Trainees completed a postsimulation survey and postencounter reflection forms. Written comments on the survey and the reflections were analysed for themes. Six junior and four senior residents participated in this curriculum innovation. Analysis of reflections revealed that simulation coupled with the genetic counsellor's (GC) timely feedback and reflection exercise were good education strategies for practicing BBN and de-escalation techniques in a challenging counselling situation. Most of the trainees felt that this teaching approach was successful and should be used for future training. Simulation can help prepare Medical Genetics trainees deliver difficult news and successfully de-escalate a hostile patient encounter. Consideration should be given to counselling and de-escalation simulations as a useful addition to standing curricula for Medical Genetics trainees.

Reliability and validity of a Japanese short version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems

The purpose of this research was to develop a Japanese short version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and examine its reliability and validity. In Study 1, we developed a short version of the IIP using item response theory (IRT). The results indicated sufficient measurement accuracy for the short version compared to the original IIP and an existing short version (IIP-32). Specifically, the short version had better measurement accuracy for participants with higher levels of interpersonal problems. Similar to previous research, confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the factor structure and circumplex structure. In Study 2, we examined the reliability and validity of the short version. The results revealed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Furthermore, the short version correlated with depression, state anxiety, eating disorder tendency, psychological symptoms, self-esteem, and personality. Finally, the application of the short version in counseling situations is discussed.

Психосемантические маркеры дефицитарности компонентов саморегуляции в ситуациях нарастающей неопределенности

The aim of the study is to develop and test an express diagnostic method for determining psychosemantic markers of self-regulation components deficiency in clients during an online counseling situation. The article describes the specifics of the population's appeals to psychological services from universities for psychological help since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. It shows that people's requests have a different focus: problems with behavior, problems with cognitive functions, problems with emotions, will, motivation, etc. However, a common component in all requests is a pronounced lack of self-regulatory resources in solving problems that arise in situations of increasing uncertainty. The study results of psychosemantic markers of components deficiency in human selfregulation during situations of increasing uncertainty are presented. The relevance of the results of the components deficiency in human self-regulation is determined by the fact that self-regulation is an important resource of an individual, which contributes to successful adaptation to various life difficulties and situations, including situations of forced increasing uncertainty such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the analysis of various theoretical works and empirical studies, 4 main groups of deficits (deficiencies) of self-regulation, characteristic of people in a situation of increasing uncertainty, were identified: deficiency of the operational component of self-regulation, deficiency of the emotional-volitional component of selfregulation, deficiency of the motivational component of self-regulation and deficiency in the individual-personal component of self-regulation. This empirical study of psychosemantic markers of deficiency in self-regulation components was carried out using the method of content analysis of requests from people who applied for help to the TSU psychological service during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was noted that the number of deficiencies in different people are both minimal (only 1 type of deficiency occurs) and maximum (all 4 identified types of deficiency occur). Thus, the predominant type of deficiency among people who applied for help to the psychological service of TSU was the deficit of the emotional-volitional component of self-regulation, namely, problems with the regulation of fear, anxiety and aggression. This fact indicates that the situation of uncertainty to a greater extent affected the emotional component of the psyche. In addition, it is the selfregulation of emotions that is one of the most complex types of self-regulation, and this is probably why there are more related requests to it. The deficit of the operational component of self-regulation was the least common. The novelty of the study is the indications psycho-semantic tools, which allows collecting diagnostic information in the course of working with a client on an online consultative platform.

Editorial:Narrative‐BasedApproaches in Psychological Research and Practice

Editorial:<scp>Narrative‐Based</scp>Approaches in Psychological Research and Practice

Genetic counseling: development of requirements, contents, and quality management in Germany.

To carry out quality management of genetic counseling, it is important to know what genetic counseling exactly means and who the players are. The term "genetic counseling" was first defined by Reed in 1947. It describes a communication process dealing with genetic facts and psychosocial aspects and is an education process, too. It has always been understood in the context of individual and family problems, and is unrelated to eugenics. In 1975 the Ad Hoc Committee of the American Society of Human Genetics published a more detailed description. With the development of new diagnostic techniques and methods in human genetics, the requirements of genetic counseling and its contents changed. Today a genetic counselor has to apply diagnostic, predictive, susceptibility, pharmacogenetic, carrier, prenatal, and preimplantation testing, as well as genetic screening. The German Human Genetic Examination Act (Genetic Diagnosis Act - GenDG) and national and international associations recommend to embed genetic testing into genetic counseling. Based on experiences of the author, some examples of pitfalls in genetic counseling are illustrated, as there are so many individual situations and requests that it seems impossible to carry out quality management. Nevertheless, the Commission for Quality in Genetic Counseling and Clinical Genetics of the Professional Association of German Human Geneticists started a pilot ring trial in 2018 with a given counseling situation. The task was to write the human genetics comment with the help of a checklist containing all issues necessary. The evaluation was conducted with the help of a catalogue of criteria which had been established beforehand and a score adjusted to the individual situation. The first genuine pilot trial was launched in 2020. It represents a possibility for quality management in genetic counseling.

Investigation on Psychological Health and Resilience of Clinical Nursing Students in “Post-Pandemic Era”

The study aims to learn about the psychological health and counseling situation of nursing students in the post-pandemic era through investigation on the psychological health, resilience and counseling demand of nursing students by randomly selecting clinical nursing students interned in a Grade III Level A hospital in Guangzhou from June 2020 to January 2021 as the objects of study. The internship can be divided into three stages: initial (1st - 3rd month), middle (4th - 7th month) and final (8th - 12th month). The investigator educated the nursing students about psychological health in the initial stage to improve their adaptability to clinical practice. Then they were given questionnaires including Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and general questionnaires. And this study further completed difference analysis on psychological health and resilience in gender, educational background, internship stages and non-only/only children. It turned out that all factors scored above the national norm except anxiety in nine symptom clusters and three dimensions of CD-RISC. As for the scores of four factors of somatization, interpersonal relationship, hostility and bigotry and three dimensions of tenacity, optimism and strength in the CD-RISC, the difference was considered to indicate statistical significance (P < 0.001). Among factors affecting the psychological health of clinical nursing students, score differences involving somatization and compulsion (P < 0.001, P < 0.05) under different educational backgrounds showed statistically significant. With regard to different clinical stages, there were significant differences in somatization, compulsion, tenacity and strength (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Finally, the conclusion is drawn that, during the period of pandemic prevention and control, the overall psychological status of clinical nursing students was good, but there remain part of cases with mild psychological problems that cannot be ignored. In the post-pandemic era, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of teaching groups of clinical hospitals to psychological counseling for nursing students.

Dapatkah Saya Lebih Baik dalam Berkomunikasi dengan Menggunakan Self-Talk Positif?

Islamic guidance and counseling (BKI) students as prospective counselors are required to master communication skills well as one of the characteristics of personality and professionalism that must be possessed. But sometimes, students experience anxiety when they start communicating with others in formal situations, such as academic situations. This study aims to look at the relationship between the frequency of BKI IAIN Parepare students in conducting positive self-talk with the level of communication apprehension. This study uses a quantitative approach. Data is collected by using The Self Talk Scale (Brinthaupt, Hein, &amp; Kramer, 2009) and Personal Report Communication Apprehensioan Questionnaire (McCroskey, 1984). Linear regression analysis test is used to analyze the relationship between the frequency of self-talk with communication apprehension. The sample in this study amounted to 78 students consisting of 15 men and 70 women. The results showed that there was a relationship between the frequency of doing positive self-talk with the level of communication anxiety in students. The implication of this study shows that positive self-talk techniques can be used in a variety of guidance and counseling situations or daily activities in reducing anxiety levels and increasing student personal competence, especially those related to anxiety when conducting interpersonal communication.

Person-centered and experiential psychotherapy and transactional analysis – contributions of two humanistic approaches to challenging or confounded counselling situations

ABSTRACT Both the person-centered and experiential (PCEP) and the Transactional Analysis (TA) approaches act on the assumption that the counselor would have unconditional positive regard (UPR) or an OK-OK-Position, respectively, and be real and self-disclosing. Thus, they complement each other very well. At times, counselors have to work with offensive, devaluating, passive, and otherwise challenging clients; furthermore, they can face confounded counseling tasks, e.g., having to counsel, control, evaluate or protect at the same time. Merging the central principles of PCEP – the experiential process and the encounter – with the TA focus on dysfunctional communication processes and challenging confrontations, may provide fertile ground for dissolving stuck processes in such counseling situations. Therefore, the paper presents a catalog of fourteen PCEP and TA perspectives, with examples, and unfolds their potential implications. We argue that the two approaches may enrich one another in difficult or confounded counseling situations.

Polki emigrantki w transnarodowych sytuacjach poradniczych

Based on grounded theory (Anselm Strauss and Barney glaser), this research project aims at interpreting narrative interviews with Polish female emigrants subjected to circular migration and presents transnational counseling situations. Author refers to various theoretical concepts such as transnationality and its types (linear, resource-based, reactive) as well as to counseling situations described as cooperation, battle (game), “bought friendship”, according to the classification elaborated by Alicja Kargulowa. In the concluding part, the author presents the ambiguous, complex, multidimensional dynamics of transnational counseling situations.

Konseling Kelompok dengan Pendekatan Behaviouristik untuk Siswa SMP

This article aims to examine the bahavioutristik approach in group counseling situations. The method used is the study of literature by comparing the author's experience during implementing group I school counseling. The result can be found techniques in the bahaviouristic approach that can be developed in the implementation of group counseling for junior high school students