Counseling Psychology Research Articles

Development and validation of the head and neck cancer psychosocial distress scale (HNCPDS) to identify patients at high risk for psychological problems : a multicenter study

To develop the Head and Neck Cancer Psychosocial Distress Scale (HNCPDS) with the aim of identifying high-risk individuals for psychosocial distress among patients, and to assess its reliability, validity and applicability. Using the classical test theory, a total of 435 head and neck cancer patients from six tertiary hospitals in China were recruited for developing the HNCPDS. Delphi expert consultation and item analysis were used to improve the content validity of the preliminary HNCPDS. Factor analysis (FA) and Structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to test the structural validity of HNCPDS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Spearman-Brown coefficient and Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to test the internal consistency and retest reliability of HNCPDS. Multiple stepped-linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of psychological disorder, and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between psychosocial distress and quality of life (QOL). The HNCPDS consisted of 14 items, which were divided into 3 subscales: 3 items for cancer discrimination, 5 items for anxiety and depression, and 6 items for social phobia. The HNCPDS had good validity [KMO coefficient was 0.947, Bartlett’s test was 5027.496 (P < 0.001), Cumulative variance contribution rate was 75.416%, and all factor loadings were greater than 0.55], reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.954, Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.955, test–retest reliability was 0.845) and acceptability [average completion time (14.31 ± 2.354 min) and effective completion rate of 90.63%]. Financial burden, sex, age and personality were found to be independent risk factors for HNCPDS (P < 0.05), and patients with higher HNCPDS scores reported a lower QOL (P < 0.01). The HNCPDS is effective and reliable in early identification and assessment of the level of psychosocial distress in patients with head and neck cancer, which can provide an effective basis for health education, psychological counseling, and social support in the future.

Clients’ experiences during three phases of a time-limited psychodrama group: A case study

Although it is known that the group stages share similar dynamics and the leaders have certain tasks in each stage, the experiences of group members could differ in each stage. The main purpose of this case study is to understand how guidance and psychological counselling students participating in a psychodrama group are affected by the process and how they experience each stage of the group. In this context, a 12-week psychodrama study was conducted with group members (n = 9), and qualitative data were collected to determine the self-perceptions of the members at the end. The thematic analysis of the study revealed six main themes: first emotions, difficulties, self-awareness, changing emotions, achievements and what they left to time. In the first sessions, it was observed that the members had difficulties in disclosing themselves and role-playing because they were excited, scared and worried. In the proceeding sessions, as the members gained confidence in the group and realized that they would not be judged, they relaxed and disclosed themselves. Many of the members who experienced many realizations noted the changes in themselves in the final sessions and emphasized that they needed time for some skills to be realized. In addition, the development of counselling skills such as empathy, listening and self-awareness as a result of the research reveals that psychodrama is a promising approach in developing and teaching counselling skills. Practical recommendations are presented for mental health professionals and researchers based on the study findings.

The chain mediating role of rumination and social withdrawal in the relationship between smartphone distraction and depression among Chinese nursing students

Smartphone distraction (SD) is closely related to depression, and the prevalence of SD among nursing students is gradually increasing. However, the potential mechanism of the effect of SD on nursing students’ depression is unclear. A total of 574 nursing students were assessed using Smartphone Distraction Scale, Ruminative Response Scale, Hikikomori Questionnaire, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The results indicated that SD among nursing students had an impact on depression through four pathways: (1) SD was positively associated with depression (β = 0.353, P < 0.001); (2) Rumination (β = 0.199, 95% CI: 0.081 to 0.162) and social withdrawal (β = 0.061, 95% CI: 0.034 to 0.091) mediated the effects of SD on depression, respectively; and (3) Rumination and social withdrawal played a chain mediating role in the effect of SD on nursing students’ depression (β = 0.027, 95% CI: 0.015 to 0.042). The negative impact of SD on nursing students’ mental health should not be taken lightly. Schools and hospitals should guide nursing students to use smartphones correctly, including providing mental health education and professional psychological counselling; families could play a supervisory role and communicate regularly to understand the psychological state and learning of nursing students. These measures can help nursing students cope with stress and reduce the risk of depression.

Seventh Generation: Voices of the Rezilient

In this phenomenological study, we examined the meaning of resilience for seventh generation Pueblo people who took part in the historic Water Protector movement against the construction of the Dakota Access pipeline. Using focus group data from eight Pueblo participants, four themes were developed: (a) Creating Interconnectivity, highlighting the significance of resilience in fostering connections with all living beings and things across time; (b) Cultivating Resilience, emphasizing the role of relationships, especially with women caregivers and role models, in nurturing resilience; (c) Being Resourceful to Overcome Oppressive Hurdles, involving awareness of historical trauma, proactive actions like protests, and patience for change; and (d) A Way of Healing, illustrating how resilience serves as a source of healing through engagement in spiritual practices of prayer, ceremony, love, forgiveness, and sovereignty. These findings may encourage counseling psychologists to reflect Indigenous epistemologies of resilience for genuine decolonization of the psychological literature.

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Depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia among foreign medical graduates appearing for foreign medical graduate's examination in India: A cross sectional study.

As a prerequisite to start a medical practice in India, Foreign Medical graduates on returning have to sit for FMGE (Foreign Medical Graduate's Exam), organized by NBE. The time and effort involved by the students with adjustments to various changes in educational and examination pattern may manifest as psychiatric morbidities while awaiting a positive outcome. To evaluate depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia in Foreign Medical Graduate students and to understand the various factors associated with them. A total of 80 MBBS students appearing for FMGE were enrolled during the period of April 2023 to May 2023, after obtaining their written consent on the Google form to participate in this study. The participants answered a semi-structured proforma consisting of information about sociodemographic data, DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, and stress severity scale), ISI scale (insomnia severity index), and RSES (Rosenberg self-esteem scale). In this study, 76.2%, 80%, 72.5%, and 78.8% of students were found to be suffering from depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia, respectively. A significant statistical correlation was found between anxiety and the students appearing for July FMGE 2023. Stress and depression were associated with insecurities/comparisons faced by the participants due to peers clearing the examination before them. Low self-esteem was associated with 3 or more failed attempts for FMGE and the presence of other stressors preceding/concurrent while preparing for FMGE. Clinical insomnia was found to be statistically significant with depression, anxiety as well as stress in this study. Multiple regression analysis showed that stress and anxiety predicted depression while the young age of the student, low socioeconomic status, low self-esteem, stress, and depression predicted anxiety. Stress was found to be associated with anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Insomnia was corelated with having extension in the UG course and stress while low self-esteem was corelated with students who were attempting for the July 2023 examination and anxiety. The significantly high proportion of psychiatric morbidities among Foreign Medical Graduates is suggestive of the need for the necessary psychological aid and counseling as these foreign medical graduates can be viewed as an opportunity to correct India's physician shortage.

Assessment of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among government school teachers in the rural catchment areas of Nandyal district: A cross-sectional study.

Among the most demanding careers that many Indians choose is teaching. Teachers are under a lot of stress because of all the extra responsibilities and duties they have from the school, education boards, and institutions. This can be a fertile ground for psychological problems among teachers. To assess depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances among school teachers and to find out their correlates. A cross-sectional observational study was planned in 100 teachers working in the government schools of the rural catchment of Nandyal district, Andhra Pradesh. Teachers were assessed through a semistructured proforma containing sociodemographic information, information about job-related factors, and DASS 21 to assess depression, anxiety, and stress and Insomnia Severity Index to assess sleep disturbances. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among teachers was found to be 28%, 61%, and 24%, respectively, and sleep disturbances were 38%. Depression was found to be independently associated with marital status (married > single, P < 0.001), position at workplace (secondary grade > primary grade, P < 0.001), mode of transport (public transport > personal, P = 0.001), source of income (single > family, P = 0.013), higher level of income (P < 0.001), stress (P < 0.001), and anxiety (P < 0.001). Anxiety was associated with migration for the job (P < 0.001), stress (P < 0.001), and depression (P < 0.001), while insomnia was associated with the type of family (nuclear > joint, P = 0.015), source of income (single > family, P = 0.039), no interaction with a colleague (P = 0.007), being dissatisfied with job (P = 0.002), and stress (P = 0.005). The significantly moderate proportion of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among government schoolteachers is suggestive of the need for the necessary psychological aid and counseling for such teachers. Therefore, appropriate methods must be introduced to address the concerns of teachers, thereby reducing anxiety and stress among them.

Effectiveness of a Group Counseling Intervention for Turkish University Students with Childhood Trauma

This research aimed to examine the effects of an eclectic group counseling intervention based on the cognitive and behavioral counseling approach and positive psychology-based practices on the rumination and life satisfaction levels of university students with childhood trauma in Turkey. The research was designed as an exploratory sequential mixed-method study. The first phase of the research focused on discovering what university students with traumatic stories needed to reduce their rumination levels and increase their life satisfaction. The themes that were obtained contributed to the content of the program. In the second phase, forty-two participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Rumination Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were applied as data collection tools. A 12-session group psychological counseling program was provided once a week to the experimental group. No intervention was made in the control group. One week after the sessions were completed, the posttest was administered to the experimental and control groups, and follow-up measurements were carried out two months later. The participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in decreasing rumination levels and increasing life satisfaction compared to the participants in the control group, and these improvements were maintained in the follow-up measurements. In the last phase, the qualitative data collected during the sessions were analyzed to evaluate the program. In conclusion, the group counseling intervention was effective in reducing the rumination levels and increasing the life satisfaction levels of university students.

Supporting Rights to Emotional Support Animals as an Accommodation: A Scoping Review of Professional Guidelines for Verifying Eligibility

ABSTRACT When the emotional support provided by a person’s animal helps to mitigate an aspect of a disability, that person has a right to have their animal, typically referred to as an emotional support animal (ESA), within their housing as a disability accommodation under the Fair Housing Act (FHA) in the United States. Health and mental health care professionals (henceforth referred to as “health-care professionals”) are considered a reliable source for verification of eligibility for ESAs as a disability accommodation, and guidelines have emerged within and across professions to help guide assessment and documentation. These guidelines are published in the form of peer-reviewed journal articles and position statements from professional groups, such as primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and psychiatrists. We used scoping review methods to identify guidelines across psychiatry, medicine, nursing, counseling psychology, and social work, then analyzed the guidelines using a competency-focused framework. and compared them to the legal requirements of ESA documentation. Guidelines often reflected the values underlying the profession, but agreement was generally seen in most areas of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Recommendations for integrative best practice guidelines, across professions, are proposed along with specific recommendations for writing ESA letters.

Group psychological counseling to contrast academic burnout: a research protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Academic burnout is a condition characterized by exhaustion, cynicism, a distant attitude toward studying, and diminished self-efficacy in academic activities. Preliminary scientific findings indicate that interventions designed to alleviate work burnout also hold promise for mitigating academic burnout, however clear evidence based on randomized controlled trials is still missing. This research protocol describes a randomized controlled trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an online group psychological intervention to contrast academic burnout. Participants with high levels of burnout will be assigned to a psychological counseling group or a waiting list control group. The research comprises several phases: (T0) Screening, Recruitment, and Randomization; (T1) Baseline assessment (pre-intervention); (T2) Outcome Assessment (post-intervention); and (T3) Follow-up Assessment (3 months post-intervention). The primary outcomes include burnout symptoms, general wellbeing, and academic achievement. Additionally, secondary variables such as effort-reward imbalances, satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs, intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation, coping strategies, and social support will be examined. The psychological intervention strategies will encompass psychoeducation, self-awareness enhancement, cognitive restructuring, and promotion of social support. This research protocol is an initial step toward evidence-based psychological interventions to treat academic burnout.

Clinical nurses' work procrastination and smartphone addiction: a potential profile study.

In the medical field, effective time management by clinical nurses is crucial for enhancing the quality of patient care. However, in recent years, with increasing work pressure for clinical nurses, procrastination has become a prevalent issue. Many nurses use smartphones as a way to alleviate stress and manage emotions, but excessive smartphone use could exacerbate procrastination, thereby jeopardizing patient safety and healthcare quality. Therefore, understanding the current state of work procrastination among clinical nurses, its heterogeneity, and exploring the impact of smartphone addiction and demographic factors on different aspects of nurse procrastination hold significant importance for improving patient care quality. This study aims to explore the current state of work procrastination among clinical nurses and identify potential profile categories. It further analyzes the impact of mobile phone addiction and demographic factors on work procrastination among clinical nurses. Convenience sampling was employed to recruit participants from three tertiary hospitals in central China from October to November 2023. Surveys measuring nurses' work procrastination and smartphone addiction were distributed and collected through online platforms. A total of 1,536 nurses participated in this study. Mplus 8.3 statistical software was used for latent profile analysis of clinical nurses' work procrastination, and SPSS 26.0 software was utilized for chi-square tests, rank-sum tests, and multi-classification logistic regression analyses. The median total score for clinical nurses' work procrastination was 21.00 (17.00, 28.00), and three subgroups were identified: low procrastination (66.93%), medium-low procrastination (20.66%), and medium-high procrastination (12.41%). Additionally, logistic regression analysis revealed that smartphone addiction and department atmosphere were common influencing factors for medium-low and medium-high work procrastination. Hospitals with stricter management and nurses holding the position of head nurse were more likely to belong to the low work procrastination group. Nurses with higher incomes or those holding intermediate titles were more prone to medium-low work procrastination, while those experiencing career advancement difficulties were more likely to exhibit medium-high work procrastination (p < 0.05). Clinical nurses' work procrastination is generally at a medium-to-low level, with three subgroups identified: low procrastination, medium-low procrastination, and medium-high procrastination. Additionally, clinical nurses in surgical departments or those with intermediate titles exhibit higher levels of procrastination. Factors such as smartphone addiction, higher monthly income, tense departmental atmosphere, and unsuccessful career advancement are more likely to lead to work procrastination. Conversely, nurses in hospitals with strict management or those holding the position of head nurse exhibit lower levels of work procrastination. Therefore, nursing managers should pay close attention to the work procrastination behaviors of clinical nurses, actively monitor predictive factors among different groups, and provide psychological counseling and relevant training based on individual nurse circumstances. Additionally, it is also essential to focus on and improve departmental atmosphere and nurse smartphone addiction to enhance clinical nurses' work efficiency and reduce work procrastination.

Social Intelligence and Counselling Competencies of Prospective Counsellors in Public Universities in Nigeria

This study investigated the social intelligence and counselling competencies of prospective counsellors and the difference in sexes in Public Universities in Edo and the Delta States of Nigeria. To achieve the objectives, three research questions were raised and one corresponding hypothesis was formulated and tested at a 0.05 level of significance. A survey research design adopting the correlational approach was employed in the study. The population of the study comprised all master's students in public universities in Edo and Delta States in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 sessions who had completed practicum counselling courses. A sample of 89 prospective counsellors was used for the study. The researcher used two types of instruments to collect data, practicum scores were one of the data for this study. The instruments used are the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS), and the Counsellors Competency Scale (CCS). The instruments were validated by the researcher’s supervisors and one test expert in the Department of Educational Evaluation and Counselling Psychology. The reliabilities of the instruments were established, using the Cronbach alpha statistics. A reliability coefficient of 0.84 was obtained for the Social Intelligence scale. Coefficients of 0.81, 0.90, and 0.80 were obtained for knowledge, skills and behavioural sub-scales for the Counsellor Competency Questionnaire. Data analyses were carried out and the hypothesis was tested using Fisher’s-Z test statistics. The study's findings revealed no significant difference in the relationship between social intelligence and counselling competencies of prospective counsellors by sex in public universities in Edo and Delta States.

Relationship between family function and anxiety among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mediating role of expressive suppression

BackgroundThe aims of the present study were to investigate the incidence of nurses who suffered anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore how expressive suppression influences the relationship between family function and anxiety.MethodsThis study used cross-sectional research and simple random sampling. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 254 questionnaires were qualified after invalid questionnaires were proposed, thus a total of 254 female nurses from a tertiary hospital were included in this study. The measurement included General demographic questionnaires, the Self-Scale Anxiety, Scale (SAS), Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (ERQ), and Family Function Assessment (FAD). T-test, nonparametric Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 test, Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression and bootstrap methods was performed to analyze the data.ResultsIn this study, 22.4% of the nurses exhibited anxiety symptoms, with 17.7% eliciting mild anxiety symptoms, 4.3% showing moderate anxiety symptoms and 0.4% with severe anxiety symptoms. Family function and expressive suppression were positively associated with anxiety severity. And family function influenced anxiety among nurses via direct and indirect (Expressive suppression -mediated) pathways.ConclusionsExpressive suppression partially mediated the influence of family function on anxiety symptom. To this end, nurse administrators should establish a robust mental health support system encompassing psychological counseling and emotional support groups. Furthermore, nurse administrators should consistently inquire about nurses’ family situations, encourage nurses to articulate their emotions and needs candidly, both within the domestic sphere and the workplace, while refraining from excessive self-repression.

Across the professional lifespan: comparing the workforce trends of early career and established counselling psychologists in South Africa

ABSTRACT Counselling Psychologists (CPs) constitute a considerable proportion of psychologists in South Africa (SA), yet empirical knowledge on this workforce remains limited. Furthermore, changes within this workforce overtime have not been thoroughly examined. This study compares early career (<10 years) and established (>10 years) CPs relating to demographic characteristics, work settings, professional roles and activities, career satisfaction, and perspectives on efforts to demarcate the practice of CPs in SA. A total of 512 survey responses were analysed, with 39% representing early career CPs and 61% representing established CPs. Findings reveal significant differences between early career and established CPs across several domains, including age, race, geographic location, highest professional degree, languages spoken; current job-seeking status; satisfaction with income, employment opportunities, work-life balance and primary work settings; likelihood of emigration; and supervision frequency and format. Overall, the results suggest movement towards transformation within the CP profession in SA. Nevertheless, systemic issues continue to hinder the optimal utilisation and equitable distribution of CPs within the country. Advocacy and ongoing workforce analysis is thus essential to support, retain, and effectively utilise CPs as a valuable resource, especially in light of the ongoing debates surrounding the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) system in SA.

Relationship between moral resilience and secondary traumatic stress among ICU nurses: A cross-sectional study.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, researchers worldwide have focused more on the issue of secondary traumatic stress (STS) experienced by nurses. This stress has an adverse effect on the health of nurses and the quality of nursing care, potentially undermining the stability of the nursing team and hindering the ability to meet the growing demand for nursing services. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the rise in global demand for ICU nursing, has placed a significant strain on ICU nurses, severely damaging their mental and physical health. Notably, ICU nurses also face high levels of moral distress, and moral resilience can effectively alleviate this distress and improve the quality of care. This study aimed to examine the levels of moral resilience and STS among ICU nurses, to explore their relationship and identify the factors influencing STS. This cross-sectional study involved 229 ICU nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Xi'an, China, who participated between November and December 2023. The data were collected through email using anonymous electronic questionnaires, encompassing a self-designed demographic- and work-life-related characteristic questionnaire; the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale; and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to analyse the data. The findings of the study indicated that ICU nurses' moral resilience and STS scores were at an intermediate level. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that STS was negatively correlated with the subscales of the Rushton Moral Resilience Scale, specifically moral adversity coping (β, -0.156; 95% CI, -1.241 to -0.039) and relational integrity (β, -0.245; 95% CI, -1.453 to -0.388), which are significant predictors of STS. Additionally, good sleep quality (β, -.396; 95% CI, -14.948 to -7.117) and seeking psychological counselling because of work difficulties (β, .107; 95% CI, 0.237-9.624) emerged as significant predictors of STS among ICU nurses, with the model's explanation of the variance in STS increasing to 45.5%, △R2 = .167, F = 16.482 (p < .001). This study found that ICU nurses have moderate levels of moral resilience and STS, which are negatively correlated. This suggests that improving the moral resilience of ICU nurses may help reduce their STS levels. The study revealed that ICU nurses' moral resilience and secondary traumatic stress levels were at a moderate level, indicative of the need to take measures to enhance their moral resilience and reduce their secondary traumatic stress, as their presence not only affects the health of ICU nurses but also diminishes the quality of care and increases turnover rates.

Counselors’ Self-Efficacy: The Role of Multicultural Counseling Competencies, Social Justice, and Homosexuality Attitudes

Counselor self-efficacy is one of the significant features of counselors that play a role in providing effective counseling services. Variables that predict counseling self-efficacy such as age, gender, supervision, and multicultural counseling competencies are counselor features which have been examined in the literature. However, the relationships between counselor self-efficacy and multicultural competencies, social justice, and homosexuality attitudes, which are the core concepts of counselor education and training, have not been examined. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of multicultural counseling competencies, social justice, and homosexuality attitudes on the self-efficacy perceptions of counselor candidates. Fourth-grade psychological counseling and guidance students studying at various state universities in the 2020-201 academic year participated in this study. The study group of this research consisted of 277 (193 women, %69,7%) 4th-grade psychological counseling and guidance students. Multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis were utilized for the data analysis. While multicultural counseling competencies and social justice attitudes of the counselor candidates explained 36% of the variance of counselor self-efficacy, homosexuality attitudes had no predictive power on counseling self-efficacy.

Influencing Factors and Training Strategies for Boulder and Lead Athletes' Competitive Performance: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT With the introduction of sport climbing in the Olympics, there have been increased opportunities for refining and enhancing the sport. Improving competitive performance is a crucial objective of national development strategies. This narrative review aims to analyze the influencing factors and training strategies for the competitive performance of boulder and lead athletes, providing a reference for improving their competitive performance. Conditioning for boulder and lead involves physical, psychological, and technical training. The competitive performance of boulder and lead athletes is primarily influenced by upper-limb strength, endurance, aerobic capacity, climbing efficiency, route previewing, and psychological elements like confidence, anxiety, and focus. To improve physical fitness and competitive performance, athletes should prioritize enhancing upper-limb strength and endurance. Athletes can enhance their climbing skills and progress by engaging in various international standard climbing routes with varying levels and styles of difficulty, thereby expanding their repertoire of techniques. In addition, there should be an increased emphasis on providing psychological counseling to athletes before competition. In future research, the differences between varying training methods for athletes of different levels and genders should be further explored, along with investigating training and recovery strategies.

Effectiveness of Oral Care in Implant Denture Restoration in Chronic Periodontitis

Objective: To explore the effect of observation of oral care in implant denture restoration of chronic periodontitis. Methods: 80 patients with chronic periodontitis implant denture restoration admitted from March 2022 to March 2023 in the hospital were selected. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 40 cases in each group. Both groups of patients received routine treatment and care. The patients in the control group used routine oral care methods to carry out oral care, the patients in the observation group carried out oral care on the basis of the control group, observation and analysis of the patients’ mastery of oral knowledge, as well as the depth of the probing and the level of clinical attachment. Results: The oral knowledge mastery of the observation group was 72.31 ± 6.98 after the nursing intervention, which was significantly higher than the score of 86.12 ± 7.36 of the patients in the control group who used conventional oral care, and the difference was statistically significant at P &lt; 0.05; the depth of probing and the clinical attachment level of the observation group were 2.43 ± 0.58 and 4.31 ± 0.86 respectively, which were significantly better than those of the control group. The depth of probing and clinical attachment level scores of the observation group were 2.99 ± 0.54 and 5.36 ± 1.02 respectively, and P &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Conclusion: The combination of conventional treatment and oral care can effectively improve the treatment effect of implant denture prosthesis for chronic periodontitis. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the psychological counseling of the patients in the specific clinical application to ensure that the patients can actively cooperate with the clinical treatment.

Research on The Effectiveness of Psychological Counseling Programs on Internet Addiction of Individuals Via Positive Psychology - Positive Psychotherapy-Oriented Group

This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the Psychological Counseling Program via Positive Psychology – Positive Psychotherapy Oriented Group, developed by the researcher, on individuals' internet addiction levels, emotional intelligence, and happiness enhancement strategies. The hybrid test method was used in the research process. The experimental and control groups are the first factors in the model used. The second factor is the preliminary test, the final test, and the follow-up research. A total of 24 undergraduate students participated in the research, including 12 students in the experimental group and 12 students in the control group. The independent variable of the research is the Psychological Counseling Program with Positive Psychology and Positive Psychotherapy Oriented Group. The dependent variable of the research is the levels of “Internet Addiction,”,” “Emotional Intelligence,” and “Happiness Increasing Strategies” of the individuals participating in the study. Ethics committee approval was obtained from “Yıldız Technical University” for the study. The analysis of the data was carried out with the SPSS Statistical 26 version. It was carried out with the Two-Factor ANOVA Test for Mixed Measurements of whether there is a difference between the scale pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test scores of the students in the control or experimental group. Post Hoc Tests were used to specify differences between the groups. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the Positive Psychology – Positive Psychotherapy Oriented Group Psychological Counselling Program reduces individuals' technology addiction scores and increases emotional intelligence and happiness ıncreasing strategies scores.

PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ VIEWS ON DIJITAL ADDICTION

The aim of this study is to show the views of pre-service teachers on digital addiction. The study group of the research consisted of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Education Faculty, social studies teacher, primary school mathematics teacher, English teacher, science teacher, special education teacher, classroom teacher, preschool teacher and psychological counseling and guidance (PDR) in the spring term of 2021-2022 academic year consists of 90 pre-service teachers studying at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades at the undergraduate level.Purposive sampling method was used while forming the study group of the research. As a data collection tool in the research, a semi-structured interview form, which was collected by e-mail in the online environment and formed by taking expert opinion, was used.The There have been a number of attempts by pre-service teachers to reduce digital addiction and they have often been unsuccessful. Analysis was used in the analysis of the data. Findings show that the students generally evaluated themselves as addicted. The students participating in the research stated that they spend most of their time in the digital environment for research, doing homework, communicating, following social media, shopping online, watching TV series and movies, listening to music and playing games.The students participating in the study stated that digital addiction caused them to disrupt their responsibilities and There have been a number of attempts by pre-service teachers to reduce digital addiction and they have been unsuccessful.